• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2005

Purpose : To conduct a nationwide survey on the principals in radiotherapy for rectal cancer, and produce a database of Korean Patterns of Care Study. Materials and Methods : We developed web-based Patterns of Care Study system and a national survey was conducted using random sampling based on power allocation methods. Eligible patients were who had postoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer without gross residual tumor after surgical resection and without previous history of other cancer and radiotherapy to pelvis. Data of patients were Inputted to the web based PCS system by each investigators in 19 institutions. Results : Informations on 309 patients with rectal cancer who received radiotherapy between 1998 and 1999 were collected. Male to female ratio was 59 : 41, and the most common location of tumor was lower rectum ($46\%$). Preoperative CEA was checked in $79\%$ of cases and its value was higher than 6 ng/ml in $32\%$. Pathologic stage were I in $1.5\%$, II in $32\%$, III in $53\%$, and IV in $1.6\%$. Low anterior resection was the most common type of surgery and complete resection was peformed in $95\%$ of cases. Distal resection margin was less than 2 cm in $30\%$, and number of lymph node dissected was less than 12 in $31\%$. Chemotherapy was peformed in $91\%$ and most common regimen was 5-FU and leucovorine ($59\%$). The most common type of field arrangement used for the initial pelvic field was the four field box (Posterior-Right-Left) technique ($65.0\%$), and there was no AP-PA parallel opposing field used. Patient position was prone in $81.2\%$, and the boost field was used in $61.8\%$. To displace bowel outward, pressure modulating devices or bladder filling was used in $40.1\%$. Radiation dose was prescribed to isocenter in $45.3\%$ and to isodose line in 123 cases ($39.8\%$). Percent delivered dose over $90\%$ was achieved in $92.9\%$. Conclusion : We could find the Patterns of Care for the radiotherapy in Korean rectal cancer patients was similar to that of US national survey. The type of surgery and the regimen of chemotherapy were variable according to institutions and the variations of radiation dose and field arrangement were within acceptable range.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.513-520
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• 2014

The Smart Grid is next-generation power system materialized Convergence and Integration of power technologies and Information Technologies. And this system is the next generation power system optimizing energy efficiency via real-time information exchanges grafting the information technologies upon present power networks which are web-net. The introduction of smart grid can be embodied for latitude, distributed and cooperated network by inter-active exchange of energy information between electrical power provider and consumer previous uni-directional electrical power supplement. Therefore in this paper, we proposed Convergence technologies - Smart power grid, Smart Place, Smart Renewable and Smart Electricity Service - to make smart-grid succeed via analyzing the datum. And we scoped on Convergence and Integration technologies, which could be used for smart-power-grid that is most important factor to replace previous power industries. And we brought out the expecting industrialize timing and interesting aspects and analyzed the result with survey of professional worker from institute, research center, power plant and business of power industries. And proposed the essential policies for the government and power-control-business companies based on the datum and survey output.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.89-99
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• 2012

Purpose - Mobile devices, especially mobile terminals capable of telecommunication and wireless connectivity, are leading the advancements in consumer electronics. Digital convergence drives the functions of various devices, such as cellular phones, MP3 players, personal digital assistants, and gaming, into a single device. This trend would continue and applications such as digital audio and video streaming (including personalized content delivery mechanisms) would soon be on a handheld device. As customers want mobile convergence devices, manufacturers are driving new initiatives in the emerging mobile device market. Given the roles played by device design and service content in user satisfaction of a mobile convergence device, this study focuses on identifying and measuring the constructs for the process by which user satisfaction is achieved. This study synthesizes the expectation-disconfirmation paradigm with empirical theories in user satisfaction. Device and service levels are separated, and nine key constructs for user satisfaction of mobile convergence devices are proposed. Insight into this process could help web-based businesses to improve user satisfaction, thus enhancing the effectiveness of e-commerce for sellers and buyers. Research design, data, methodology - This study draws on three users of mobile convergence devices as examples. To test there search model and hypotheses, survey questionnaires were sent to 607 mobile device users. Mobile device users were initially identified from several members, and subjects were randomly drawn. Data from 577 survey responses were finally analyzed. The unit of measurement and analysis in this research study is at a personal level. Results - The measurements for the constructs were developed and tested in a two-phase study. In the first phase, the device and service dimensions were identified, and instruments for measuring them were developed and tested. In the second phase, using the salient dimensions of the device and service as the formulating first-order factors, instruments were developed and empirically tested to measure satisfaction of the device and service. In measuring satisfaction of mobile convergence devices, the critical tasks are to identify the key constructs of such user satisfaction and to develop validated instruments to measure them. Hence, the results of this study have immediate implications for businesses and for research in user satisfaction of mobile convergence devices. Conclusions - This study provides reliable instruments for operationalizing key constructs in the analysis of user satisfaction of mobile convergence devices within the expectation-disconfirmation paradigm. Hence, convergence device makers will be able to examine whether their websites meet their customers' expectations by examining the device aspect of the mobile convergence device customers, and the service aspect expectations and disconfirmation. Moreover, the introduction of expectation and disconfirmation constructs brings the marketing aspect of convergence devices into focus for such retailers, an aspect crucial to the effective design of websites for online businesses. In addition,this study provides the metrics required to initiate future studies on user satisfaction of mobile convergence devices.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2011

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of restaurant in-store color and music congruency on consumer's emotional responses and behavioral intentions. The web survey was conducted among 400 customers(aged from 20~39 years old) who lived in Seoul and Kyunggi, Incheon Province. To find ensemble effect of color and music, 3D studio MAX were used to make high-stimulus(exciting) and low-stimulus(calm) and 3D virtual reality restaurant simulation stimulus were applied. The statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 and reliability analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis were used. Based on the result of the conducting factor analysis, emotional responses were classified into 2 factors: positive emotion and negative emotion. Satisfaction was classified into 1 factor: satisfaction. Loyalty was classified into 1 factor: loyalty. Cronbach's alpha was calculated for the reliability of the survey instrument. Consequently, restaurant in-store color and music congruency were shown to affect positive emotion and negative emotion. Positive emotion and negative emotion were shown to affect satisfaction. Satisfaction were shown to affect loyalty. Music congruency had a higher effect on positive emotion than color congruency. Color congruency had a higher effect on negative emotion than music congruency. The results of this study will serve as a basis of color and music congruency with restaurant atmospherics.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.202-213
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• 2009

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare health related behaviors among adolescents in the rural area with those in the urban area in Korea. Methods: The data source was the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in 2005. With two stage cluster sampling, a total of 58,224 sample was selected from 799 middle and high schools nationwide. The area was classified into county area, small to medium city, and large city, and then the county area was considered as a rural area. Data was analyzed with STATA 9.0 using the method of complex survey data analysis considering sampling weight, strata, and primary sampling unit. Results: The prevalence of health related behaviors among adolescents in the rural area was higher than the city area as following health behaviors: smoking behaviors of smoking experience, smoking experience before entrance to middle school; drinking behaviors of frequent drinking, high risk behaviors with drinking; dietary behaviors of omitting of lunch or dinner, less intake of fruits or milk, more intake of cooky; oral hygiene of less tooth brushing, less preventive oral care, more oral symptoms and less dentist visit; safety behaviors of less wearing of safety belt or protective device; general hygiene of less hand washing before meal or after visiting rest room. Conclusions: The health behaviors among adolescents in the rural area were generally poorer than the city area. The results showed national health program for adolescents should be conducted primarily for those in rural areas. Further study is needed to explore the factors related with the discrepancy of health behaviors between the rural and urban area.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.226-242
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• 2012

Consumption of foods with high energy and low nutrient values has been linked to various health issues including obesity and chronic diseases. This study investigated the high-energy/low-nutrient food consumption status and its relationship with obesity status and intake of energy and nutrients, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among 2-18 year-olds was 8.4% and 10.8% in 2008 and 8.5% and 9.0% in 2009, respectively, in KNHANES. The prevalence of obesity among 12-18 year-olds was 13.9% in 2008 and 11.4% in 2009 in KNHANES, while it was 8.1% in 2008 and 8.2% in 2009 in KYRBWS. Consumption patterns of high-energy/low-nutrient foods were diverse depending on the particular food type. High-energy/low-nutrient foods such as cookies were most often consumed more frequently (2~3 times per week), but fast food type foods were generally consumed less frequently (once per week or less). No significant relationships between highenergy/ low-nutrient food consumption and level of energy and nutrient intakes were found in either datasets. Adolescents who were not obese more frequently consumed ramen (p < 0.001), cookies (p < 0.001) and fast food (p < 0.001) than those who were obese in KYRBWS, however, such relationships were not found in KNHANES. This direction of the relationship could be probably attributed to the cross-sectional nature of the datasets. This study was limited by the cross-sectional nature of the data, therefore, further longitudinal research using various study techniques would be necessary to understand the effects of high-energy/low-nutrient foods on child obesity.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

Understanding muslim consumers' needs and behaviour is an essential process for strategic product development in the Halal food market. For our study on Indonesian consumers of Halal food, we conduct a survey of 200 Muslims residing in Indonesia on awareness of ginseng (G) and red ginseng (RG) products, eating experience, like or dislike reasons, cognitive level on the efficacy of G and RG products, purchase behaviors, satisfaction and repurchase intention through a web-based questionnaire methodology. This study reveals that 58 % and 51% of the participants indicate an awareness of G and RG products. In particular, awareness amongst medium- and high-income male consumers in their 20s and 30s is relatively high. This group of participants is also more likely to consume eat G and RG products for health promotion, refreshment, and disease prevention, and positively evaluated product efficacy. They are also aware of the efficacy claims of these products with regard to enhancement of immunity, fatigue, and stamina. While Indonesian Muslim consumers express satisfaction with the health claims, packaging specifications, and design of the products, they are dissatisfied with product types, price, taste, and aroma. The results also found that participants would recommend G and RG products to acquaintances, and are willing to purchase them in the future. Therefore, the segmentation of Halal-certified G and RG products for Muslim consumers and analysis on their product needs could be advantageous for strategic product development.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2023

The advancement of online technology in the 21st century has increased online courses and web-based communication in higher education. This type of education is not limited by time or location and has made it possible to expand university campuses globally and broaden the reach of university education to the general public and students from other universities. Changes such as a decrease in the school-age population and a reorganization of the university structure have also created an opportunity to change the perception of online education. In this paper, we conducted surveys on K University students, high school seniors, and the general public to assess their satisfaction with online courses, identify areas that require massive online courses, and determine students' needs for the operation of massive online courses. The survey showed that K University students are generally satisfied with online courses. However, improvements are needed to ensure a smooth online course-taking environment, increase system uniformity, and enhance the overall online course environment. High school students have a strong preference for natural science and should be offered online courses in subjects such as mathematics and physics as prerequisites to prepare for their major classes. The general public prefers the humanities, which is evident in the purpose of the liberal arts lectures.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.343-350
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• 2023

Objectives: Water constitutes a majority of the human body and is essential for health. In addition, water intake can prevent dental caries by improving salivary lubrication and self-cleaning. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the amount of daily water intake and the symptoms of oral disease in Korean adolescents. Methods: We used data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), conducted in Korea in 2021, and identified the relationship between daily water intake and oral disease symptoms in Korean adolescents. KYRBS is a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), and a total of 54,848 participants were included in this study. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis showed that tooth pain was more often experienced by those who drank less than two cups of water per day (odds ratio [OR]: 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.30) than those who drank five or more cups of water per day. Conclusions: A low daily water intake is associated with tooth pain, a symptom of dental caries. The results of our study suggest that increasing water intake may reduce dental caries. Therefore, adequate water intake may help prevent dental caries.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.31
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• pp.177-208
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• 2013

This research analyzes the media which is simultaneously used with TV viewing, the behaviour of multiple media users, and the characteristics of TV programs under Nscreen circumstances. According to the results, TV provides stories and positions it as the main screen (84.5%, n=566), under the Nscreen circumstances. Personal media reproduces stories from TV by utilizing aspects of social media functions such as participation, open communication, community, connectivity, etc. The content is classified under three categories: 1) elicit emotion(point feeling), 2) information production, 3) participation, which is further divided into three subcategories; watch, wish, and result guarantee based on the level of interactivity. This inquiry is based upon diary survey and focus group interviews emphasized the role change of TV, specifically that TV takes a key role in generating original stories with the expansion of screen and social media. Even though users were able to watch the same TV programs at the same time and same place, the different methods of viewing: smartphone, tablet PC, web based mp3 and etc., it reproduced different stories and elicited different characteristics from its TV viewers.