• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.775-783
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• 2015

This study investigates gender differences in cold perceptions and wearing behaviors for cold adaptation. A questionnaire composed of items on cold perceptions, intentions toward wearing additional clothing, and clothing for outdoor environments, among others, was used. Each item in the survey targeted 260 male (MS) and female (FS) college students evaluated using a five-point Likert-type scale. Data were statistically analyzed using the independent sample t-test and correlations. Main results can be summarized as follows: MS subjects showed lower dependence on the thermal insulation of clothing because they felt less cold and had the better ability to cope with cold. MS subjects had higher dependence on underwear during cold seasons, and FS subjects tended to wear heavier clothing to compensate for their cold feet with insufficient insulation. In addition, it was preferable to estimate thermal effects of actual wear by taking into account gender differences in the physique. The study is limited in that the room temperature and the actual amount of clothing were not measured, which offers an avenue for future research.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify nursing interventions clinically applicable to relieve displeasure and anxiety of patients having an operation in which loud noise was unavoidable. Methods: Participants were 34 patients scheduled to have a total knee replacement. They were assigned to either the control (17 patients) or experimental (17 patients) group. Data were collected from September to November 2010. The instruments used for the survey included noise-control earplugs, a noise level meter (TES-1358) and a structured scale measuring degree of noise perception, displeasure and anxiety. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, standard deviation, $x^2$-test, and t-test with the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results: Hypothesis 1: 'The displeasure levels of the experimental group of patients wearing earplugs will be lower than the control group patients without earplugs' was accepted (t=-20.769, p<.001). Hypothesis 2: 'The anxiety levels of the experimental group of patients wearing earplugs will be lower than the control group patients without earplugs' was accepted (t=-6.298, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on these findings, the wearing of earplugs for patients having a surgical operation with loud noises is recommended as an effective nursing intervention to relieve patient displeasure and anxiety during their surgical operations.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.51-62
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• 1996

This research utilized the psychophysical methodology, where secrw drivers are used, to determine the effects of i) the location and orientation of work objects, and ii) wearing gloves, on ratings of perceived exertion at various body parts. The validity of the psychophysical methodology in determining a preferred work pace was also studied. The subjects drove screws with a screw driver into thick wooden sheet at three vertical and three horizontal locations. They drove serews for 3 minutes at each location and assessed the condition using the psychophysical scale. The results showed that only the vertical location was a significant factor in determining the discomfort ratings. Driving screws at elbow height on the vertical surface and with the lower arm close to the body on the horizontal surface were the work locations with the smallest ratings of perceived discomfort. Wearing gloves had significant effects on reducing the pain of the hand. From the experiment in which a comfortable work pace was identified using 20 minute psychophysical adjustment, it was found that the psychophysical method is sensitive to workers perception of the physical stress when the upper limbs are employed. This was confirmend by the high correlation between the psychophysical results and EMG measurement.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2001

It is thought that the sanitary perception and hygienic food treatment of food suppliers as the first handlers of foodstuffs are extremely significant for the safe and sanitary management of food in group meal services. So in this study, a survey of 103 food suppliers who provide raw materials for 80 meal services in business places around Busan area was conducted on general matters, participation in sanitation education, sanitary perception, sanitary treatment of foodstuffs, knowledge of sanitation, etc. The results of the survey are as follows: 1. 42.7% of the subjects have worked for the food supply companies for one to five years and the main job of 36.9% of them is delivery service. Food suppliers who handle over two foodstuffs are 6839%. 2. Concerning the participation in sanitation education, 43.7% of the subjects have not experienced any such education, The reason of 23.3% of them for not having the education is that there have been no opportunity for them at all. And 83.5% of them regard the education on hygiene as necessary. 3. In the sanitary perception, 93.1% of the subjects considered the temperature control of the food delivery vehicles as important and 82.5% of them replied on of the leading causes of food poisoning as foodstuffs. 64.0% thought of their knowledge of food sanitation as not very good, but moderate. 4. Concerning sanitary treatment of foodstuffs, 50.5% of delivery vehicles were wearing sanitary uniforms and 24.3% of them washed their hands while supplying food. 5. In the score of hygienic knowledge, the average score of all food suppliers was 60.6 point. In the score of hygienic knowledge on general matters, managing supervisors got 6.31$\pm$1.70. In the score of hygienic knowledge based on the perception of food sanitation, the food suppliers with the experience of sanitation education scored 6.42$\pm$1.93 point and the point was significant(p<0.01), compared with that of the food suppliers without the experience of sanitation education. The food suppliers who answered their knowledge was very good scored the highest point, 8.00$\pm$1.41. The food suppliers who replied that sanitation education was truly necessary recorded the hygienic knowledge score of 6.75$\pm$1.77, significantly(p<0.01) high. In the score of hygienic knowledge on the basis of the practical degree of sanitary handling of food materials, the food suppliers who answered they cleaned their delivery vehicles everyday scored 6.48$\pm$1.93, the food suppliers who answered they sterilized their delivery vehicles everyday scored 6.29$\pm$1.89, the food suppliers who answered they controlled the temperature of their delivery vehicles irregularly scored 6.58$\pm$1.79 and the food suppliers who answered they washed their hands every time when they were working scored 6.86$\pm$2.24, significantly(p<0.05) high in comparison with every item in other factors. And the food suppliers who answered they were wearing sanitary uniforms irregularly while supplying foodstuffs scored the highest point, 6.66$\pm$2.92.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.211-222
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate(1) the effects of clothing cues of 20s young man in business suits on the perception of occupational suitability in an office setting and (2) the effect of Perceiver's self-monitoring and sex on the perception of occupational suitability formed by the function of clothing cues. The experimental design of this study was between-subjects 23 factorial design. The experimental materials developed for the study were a set of stimuli and a response scale. The stimuli consisted of 8 color photographs of a young man wearing business suits which were manipulated at two levels for each of three clothing cues (suit color, suit style, necktie color). Each one of eight sub-samples included 14 subjects from 2 perceiver groups by sex. The questionaires used to measure perceivers' responses to the stimuli were constructed in 12 five-point likert scale representing occupational suitability and self-Monitoring was measured by the self-Monitoring Scale by Gangestad adn Snyder. The subjects consisted of 224 male and female college students in Seoul. The data was processed by ANOVA and MCA(Multiple Classification Analysis). The result were as follows: (1) The Clothing cues of young man in business suits(suit color, suit style) partially influenced the occupational suitability. (2) The perception of occupational suitability formed by the clothing cues of a young man in business suits was partially influenced by the perceiver's self-monitoring and sex. Female high self-monitoring group were more affected by the clothing cues than any other groups.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1052-1059
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• 1998

The purposes of the study were to analyse the colors and, color combinations effect on the image perception using gestalt theory. The research method was a quasi-experimental with a between subjects design. The experimental materials developed for the study were a set of stimuli and a response scale. The stimuli was consisted of 17 drawings of females wearing Korean traditional dress, by using CAD simulation. A response scale consisted of semantic differential scales. The subjects were 1138 undergraduate students of Taejon city, Chungnam province and Chungbuk province. Their responses to the semantic differential scales were analyzed using factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncans multiple range test. Results were as follows; 1) The colors effect of blouse was significantly greater than the effect of skirt, and no interaction effect was found between blouse colors and skirt colors. 2) In bi-color combination dress set, the combined image of the two colors were compared to the image of the two mono color sets: No single principle was found, however, salient color (such as yellow) and unattractive color (such as green) seemed to act as central trait colors on the image perception. On conclusion the visual image of Korean traditional dress wearer was affected by central trait colors in bi-color combination, and this results support the gestalt theory with central traits.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2010

바지교복의 활성화를 위하여 서울시 여자 중고등학교 학생들의 바지교복 착용현황과 바지교복에 대한 인식을 살펴보았다. 하의교복으로 동복과 하복 모두 '스커트만 착용'이 가장 많았으며, '바지만 착용'은 하복보다 동복에서 높게 나타났다. 스커트를 착용하는 이유는 동복과 하복 모두 '다수의 친구들이 스커트를 입어서'가 가장 많았고, 하복의 경우 '바지교복이 없어서'가 그 다음으로 높게 나타났다. 바지교복은 동복은 '온도변화에 대처할 수 있어서', 하복은 '활동이 편리해서' 주로 입는 것으로 나타났다. 바지교복 착용에 대해서는 대체로 만족하고 있었다. 그러나 바지교복 디자인과 색상에 대해서는 만족하지 못하였으며, '바지통이 좁은 스타일'과 '스트레이트 스타일'의 디자인을 선호하고, 색상은 동복과 하복 모두 검정색, 다음으로 베이지와 청색계열을 선호하였다. 여학생들은 바지교복의 필요성에 대해 전체적으로 낮게 인식하고 있었다. 동복과 하복 모두 바지를 착용하는 집단은 필요성을 높게, 스커트만 착용하는 집단은 낮게 인식하였다. 바지교복은 추위에 견디기 좋으며 활동하기에 편하지만 외모를 돋보이게 하거나 개성을 잘 표현할 수 있지 않다고 인식하였다. 바지를 착용하는 집단은 스커트만 착용하는 집단보다 바지교복이 옷차림에 신경을 떨 쓰게 하고, 방과 후에 입고 다니기 좋다고 하였다. 바지교복에 대한 개선방안으로 디자인과 색상의 개선, 기능성의 증가, 홍보의 필요성 등이 나타났다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to research the purchasing traits and the wearing satisfaction of ski wears to provide the data needed to design ski wears to the related industries. This survey was performed during 2003's and 2004's winter with the 157 questionnaires containing 16 items of purchasing traits, 8 of design satisfaction, 12 of purchasing satisfaction and 13 of satisfaction of using convenience. The data were analysed with the frequency, the percentile, $X^2$-test, the average, the standard deviation and t-test through comparing with the groups of general people and experts, and the groups of male and female. The results were:1.The most preferred style was the two pieces style(88.5%), and then the loose style(61.1%), and the shoulder-wireless style(36.9%). 2.The imported brands were more preferred because of the design(44.1%). 3.The main place of purchasing was the ski wear speciality shop(48.4%), the main source of the merchandise information was the surrounding men(43.3%), the most significant consideration aspect when purchasing was the design(35.7%), and the rate of size perception was 51.6%. 4.The wearing satisfaction score(5) of ski wears were; the satisfaction of design was 3.24, the satisfaction of material 3.00, and the satisfaction of using convenience 3.07. 5.In the rate of design satisfaction, the female(3.10) showed higher than the male(3.35) (p<.05). 6.In the satisfaction of material, 'the discoloration'(2.37), 'the abrasion'(2.75), 'the sense of volume'(2.76) and 'the sense of touch' showed dissatisfaction. 7.In the satisfaction of using convenience, 'the pollution by lifting ticket'(2.36)was showed most dissatisfaction.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1029-1043
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• 2013

The pearl is a highly valuable gem that has historically represented wealth and power. Pearl necklaces have developed intro various types and represent an essential status item for modern women. This study first examines the symbolic and various meanings of pearls. Second, this study examines wearing types and pearl necklace patterns based on historical figures and modern fashion icons famous for personal displays of pearls. This study examines and analyzes various specialty publications about jewels, history of costumes, fashion magazines, academic research data, and internet search results. The conclusion of this study is as follows. Pearls have various symbolic meanings that are unlike other gems. Pearls represent purity, innocence, marital fidelity, an intimate relationship with the moon, frozen tears of God, solitude, triumph over adversity, wisdom, and sensual attraction. The societies and people traditionally famous for pearls were the Roman Empire, Queen Cleopatra of Egypt, Queen Theodora of the Byzantine Empire, Queen Elizabeth I, Queen Marie Antoinette, Empress of Eugenie Napoleon III, and Queen Alexandra. They showed a special affection for pearl necklaces and various wearing patterns unique to the time. Their pearl necklaces became a historic and symbolic legacy. Reestablished through the costume jewelry of cultivated pearls designed by Coco Chanel in the $20^{th}$ century, the pearl necklace has showed a variety of fashion trends in addition to a traditional symbolism of wealth and power. Josephine Baker, Louise Brooks, Marilyn Monroe, Elizabeth Taylor, Jacqueline Kennedy, Queen Elizabeth II, Princess Diana, Michelle Obama and Sarah Jessica Parker have worn notable pearl necklaces and established an individual style that utilizes the adornment of fashionable and stylish pearl necklaces. They have worn pearl necklaces while applying various fashion trend motifs to symbolic pearl features of that have changed the perception of the pearl and themselves.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.471-478
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• 2022

In roadside workplaces, more attention should be paid to the safety of workers. The roadside workers underestimate the effect of the brightness of their clothes and judge that drivers will recognize them easily, and the drivers misjudge that the roadside workers are far away and that the vehicle can be stopped in sufficient time. Therefore, customized safety education reflecting this and wearing work clothes with certified visibility functions are required. In Korea, it is not compulsory for roadside workers and vehicle guide attendants to wear work clothes with a visibility function. In this study, the distance ahead perceived by drivers was measured using manikins wearing certified and non-certified reflective safety vests. The perception distance of the non-certified reflective safety vest was 1.4 times longer than that of the certified reflective safety vest, thus confirming the importance of wearing a certified reflective safety vest. To prevent roadside workers from suffering traffic accidents, we propose the enactment of a law that makes it mandatory for them to wear high-visibility safety clothing. Specifically, Article 32 of the Enforcement Regulation of the Road Traffic Act should include high-visibility safety clothing in life protection equipment, and additionally, to prevent secondary accidents, we propose the enactment of a law requiring the installation and wearing of certified reflective safety vests in vehicles.