• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.473-478
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• 2008

Since the late 1990, "Smart clothing" has been developed in a various way to meet user centered design and human engineering that considered usability, wearability with clothing. Under this circumstance, research and development of smart clothing has been demanded usability and wearability test. But, Study of the usability evaluation for sensor based smart clothing is insufficient. In this study, we suggest criterion of usability evaluation for sensor based smart clothing that evaluate on the point of view such as wearability of clothing, interaction of clothing and devices, interaction of body and devices. we performed qualitative and quantitative test with developed smart clothing to present usability evaluation criterion for sensor based smart clothing. As a result, total 7 categories such as 'usefulness', 'wearability', 'appearance', 'riskness', 'facility of management', 'perceived change', were extracted as the usability and wearability criterion. Additionally, 28 factors of evaluation criterion for sensor based smart clothing were indicated on the result of this research. This study have meaning to indicate usability evaluation criterion for sensor based smart clothing.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2008

Recently "smart clothing" has been developed more friendly and human centered design. As the diversified studies on physical factors such as comfort, usability, ergonomics and design for wearer have been examined, the smart clothing has been progressed in diverse aspects. In this research, we developed the design prototype of the bio-medical sensor based healthcare smart clothing and efficiency of clothing. As a result of study with developed designed prototypes of qualitative and quantitative tests for wearability and usability, we come up with evaluation items and supplements. In this study, based on result from evaluation on wearability and usability, the design prototype of sensor based healthcare smart clothing was revised.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.80-90
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• 2016

This study presents quantitative evaluation standards for they mobility test, conducted in the process of a slacks fit test. This study quantified the subjects' evaluation on the wearability of slacks to provide objective qualitative evaluation methods for existing mobility tests. The subjects were women of standard bodytype between the ages of 18 and 24 wearing slacks designed to test their mobility based on differences in ease in waist girth, hip girth, crotch length and knee length. A qualitative evaluation tested the wearability of slacks. Clothing pressure and gap area between the body and slacks were measured based on a quantitative evaluation. The clothing pressure and the gap area between the body and slacks (which reflect the results of the wearability test) were presented in this study as quantitative evaluation standards. Clothing pressure tended to increase as the ease of slacks decreased; however, clothing pressure standards, that induce discomfort, differed by body parts. The hip, crotch, and knee area were relatively less sensitive despite the waist and the abdominal area sensitivity to clothing pressure. This study suggests the minimum ease for the appropriate wearing comfort of slacks by region and motion as standards for the quantitative evaluation of mobility tests. These was reset in accordance to the limits of clothing pressure when the minimum ease was considered as wearable but exceeded the clothing pressure limits.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.943-957
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to 1) understand the importance of brands, which are known as one of the key purchasing points to consumers today; 2) 10 clearly clarify the various attributes of goods well-known to consumers; 3) to research the effect of the goods attributes on brand attitude. We examined 465 consumers to understand a purchase or a shopping habit with national and non-brand. The study used SPSS 11.0 package for a data analysis. Then using varimax rotation, we employed a factor analysis to analyze the data and obtain Cronbach ${\alpha}$ value. For more specific data analysis, we conducted t-test, regression analysis, and x2 analysis. The results are as followings: 1. The goods attribute is classified into product attribute, shop attribute, and price attribute. The product attribute is divided into wearability, labeling of size and quality, aesthetic expression, brand expression-harmony, textile-suitability, manageability and product assortment. The shop attribute is into shop environment, shopping convenience, promotion, salesperson service, convenience of location, shop's reputation. The price attribute is into price reasonability, price value, price economy, and price information. 2. The product attribute is different, by national and non-brands, in wearability, labeling of size and quality, brand expression-harmony, textile-suitability, manageability. The shop attribute had a significant difference in environment of shop and its reputation, and the price attribute had one only in price economy. 3. The brand attitude was affected by wearability, aesthetic expression, shop environment, price value, and price information. 4. Also, there exists a difference by demographic variables(age, job, academic background, marriage, income level) in brand attitude. For example, national brands have its consumers with the following variables: higher education, higher income, professional job, over 20s, and married.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.277-282
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• 2001

As human-friendly robot techniques improve, the concept of the wearability of robotic arms becomes important. A master arm that detects human arm motion and provides virtual forces to the operator is an embodied concept of a wearable robotic arm. In this study, we design a 7 DOF wearable robotic arm with high joint torques. An operator wearing this robotic arm can move around freely because this robotic arm was designed to have its fixed point at the shoulder part of the operator. The proposed robotic arm uses parallel mechanisms at the shoulder part and the wrist part on the model of the human muscular structure of an upper limb. To reduce the computational load in solving the forward kinematics and to prevent singularity motions of the parallel mechanism, yawing motion of the parallel mechanisms was separated using a slip ling mechanism. The total weight of the proposed robotic arm is about 4 kg. An experimental result of force tracking test for the pneumatic control system and an application example for VR robot are described to show the validity of the robot.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

Most of the commercialized wearable text input devices are wrist-worn keyboards that have adopted the minimization method of reducing keys. Generally, a drastic key reduction in order to achieve sufficient wearability increases KSPC(Keystrokes per Character), decreases text entry performance, and requires additional effort to learn a new typing method. We are faced with wearability-usability tradeoff problems in designing a good wearable keyboard. To address this problem, we introduced a new keyboard minimization method of reducing key pitch. From a series of empirical studies, we found the potential of a new method which has a keyboard with a 7mm key pitch, good wearability and social acceptance in terms of physical form factors, and allows users to type 15.0WPM in 3 session trials. However, participants point out that a lack of passive haptic feedback in keying action and visual feedback on users' input deteriorate the text entry performance. We have developed the One-key Keyboard that addresses this problem. The traditional desktop keyboard has one key per character, but the One-key Keyboard has only one key ($70mm{\times}35mm$) on which a 10*5 QWERTY key array is printed. The One-key Keyboard detects the position of the fingertip at the time of the keying event and figures out the character entered. We conducted a text entry performance test comprised of 5 sessions. The participants typed 18.9WPM with a 6.7% error rate over all sessions and achieved up to 24.5WPM. From the experiment's results, the One-key Keyboard was evaluated as a potential text input device for wearable computing, balancing wearability, social acceptance, input speed, and learnability.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2013

PURPOSE. A survey was performed to identify the level of mouthguard use, awareness, wearability issues and attitude toward mouthguard among elite Korean Taewondo athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Survey questionnaires were given to 152 athletes participating in the Korea National Taekwondo team selection event for the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games. Questionnaires consisted of three sections, mouthguard awareness, reasons for not wearing mouthguard and the last section to test the level of acceptance on current mouthguard and when the identified problems were resolved. For analyzing difference among response, ${\chi}^2$ test was used and significant level (${\alpha}$) was set up as 0.05. RESULTS. Responses in each of items showed significant difference (P<.001). Majority of response regarding each question: Majority of respondents believed that mouthguard were effective in preventing injuries (36.4%) but the result suggested that the provision of information on mouthguard to athletes was inadequate (44.0%) and the result showed that respondents were not greatly interested or concerned in relation to the mandatory mouthguard rule (31.6%). Although the responses on the level of comfort and wearability of mouthguard were negative (34.8%), athletes were positively willing to wear mouthguard if the problems rectified (51.2%). CONCLUSION. Considering the high level of willingness to wear mouthguard if the problems rectified, it is thought that together with efforts in providing more mouthguard information, the work of sports dentistry to research and improve mouthguard will be invaluable in promoting mouthguard to more athletes.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 2000

The purposes of the present study were to investigate the factors of consumer dissatisfaction with backpacks and to examine if the levels of dissatisfaction with the factors differ significantly among the groups determined by demographic characteristics and purchase behaviors. The differences in the purchase behaviors of backpacks were also tested among the groups determined by demographic characteristics. Data collection was consisted of two pilot tests and the final test. The questionnaire was distributed to 40 students of universities in Seoul from July 1 to 13 in 2000 and 351 were usable. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, χ²analysis, MANOVA, ANAOVA, Duncan's multiple range tests using SPSS PC/sup +/ Program. Five factors were formulated : durability, ease-of-care/color fastness, dimensional stability, wearability and design. Subjects were most dissatisfied with the dimensional stability of backpacks. Different demographic characteristics and purchase behaviors resulted in significantly different levels of dissatisfaction with selected factors. Significant differences were also found in selected selection criteria and purchase behaviors among groups determined by some demographic characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2015

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the male products for urinary incontinence by examining the types and characteristics of those registered in KIPO (Korean Industrial Property Office). Additionally, the types and characteristics, especially for the cloth products and the pads, of male panties for urinary incontinence on the market are analyzed. Men in their 60s with minor symptoms were selected as the subjects to evaluate the wearability. The results are as follows. 11 male products for urinary incontinence, registered in KIPO, are structurally different from those for women by having a separate pocket mainly for absorption. There are one disposable type and 7 cloth types, and the cloth panties can be classified as either united or separable type depending on the detachability of pads from the panties. The types of the panties vary according to the position, shape, and size of the attached pads on normal male panties (boxer, briefs, drawers). The fabrics for the urinary incontinence are usually piled in 3 to 5 layers by having the most absorptive layer on the top, the next with deodorizing characteristics, and the bottom with the waterproof fabric as basics with some additional layers of antibiotic or breathable fabrics. From the wearability test, it has been determined that the panties are not distinguishable in external appearance and the fitness is also not a problem since the size varies as the normal panties. It has been evaluated that the fitness of the panties is an important factor since the pad should be worn in any form; the pad sewed in the middle of the panties was evaluated to be more wearable than having a long pad. In case of separable panties, when the pattern and fabric is similar to the functional panties and the options such as the thickness of the pads or detachability are given to the users, it tends to be more satisfactory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.752-763
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop an effective marketing strategy for socks made of paper mulberry fiber, a new natural fiber, by understanding consumers' concerns and perception about the product and its quality in several dimensions. The first survey determined their perception of the products' image before using it. The second survey gauged consumer satisfaction with product quality after a two-week home-use test. Factor analysis using Cronbach's a and ANOVA analysis were performed for statistical analysis. In conclusion, consumer image perceptions of socks of mulberry fiber were classified into four categories -'practicality', 'wellbeing', 'high-quality' and 'traditionality'. The survey revealed differences between men's and women's perception of the 'practicality' and 'high-quality' factors. The women recognized a mulberry fiber sock as being more practical but of lower quality than did the men. And the quality satisfaction of the product was classified into four factor 'durability', 'suitability, 'wearability' and 'care-easiness'. In the case of 'suitability', men were more satisfied with the product than the women and in 'suitability' and 'wearability', a group of over 40' year-old consumers was more satisfied. The analysis of a relationship between image perception and satisfaction showed that a consumer group that perceived this product to have more 'practicality', 'high-quality' and 'well-being' was also more satisfied with the product. However, the 'traditionality' factor was unrelated to consumer satisfaction.