• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.46-63
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• 2017

Objectives The Korean Medicine (KM) PHR platform is a personalized healthcare service which allows individuals to keep and manage their own health records. When parents are reporting for their children from their memories, there is high possibility of recall errors. In these cases, it could be useful for doctors to collect the patient's symptoms through PHR platform. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance of the PHR by using the KM PHR platform in the pediatric clinic. Methods The PHR platform was used to collect child health information from parents and child care teachers. The collected data were analyzed in comparison with the results of screening by pediatrician. Results A total of 58 children were recruited, 44 of which health information were collected from their parents and their child care teachers. The remaining 14 children's health information were collected from their parents only. As a result the parents tended to perceive their children weaker than the child care teacher. Compared to other organs, there was a only significant difference in the heart weakness score and spleen weakness score in the comparison of the weak and healthy children. Conclusions Although the study was conducted on a small group of subjects, and used PHR platform developed specifically for adults to indirectly input child's symptoms, and analyzed their health information, there was a difference in health records between information providers. Development of PHR platform for children is needed to collect more reliable information.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2000

The frequency of weak children, derived from constitutional and functional factors, has increased recently, but their symptoms have never been observed and analysed. A survey was conducted to evaluate and understand the characteristics of weak children. 311 children who had visited in the weak child clinic of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Hospital from January, 1999 to August, 1999, were the respondents of the Weak Child Questionnaire. They were divided into 4 groups by age and birth weight, and statistical significances were tested by one way analysis of variances and bivariate correlation analysis among groups. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Distribution of sex : male 191 cases, female 120 cases 2. The distribution of age showed the highest in $2{\sim}6$ years(45.3%), followed by $7{\sim}12$ years(31.8%), $0{\sim}1$ years(18.0%), over 13 years(4.8%) in order. There was a statistical difference of all symptoms' mean, except respiratory symptoms, among groups(p<0.01). 3. The distribution of birth weight showed the highest in $2.5{\sim}3.3kg(43.4%)$, followed by $3.3{\sim}4.1kg(39.5%)$, under 2.5kg(5.1%), over 4.lkg(2.1%) in order. There was a statistical difference of digestive symptoms' and total score mean among groups(p<0.01, p<0.05 respectively). 4. The correlation coefficient between general symptoms' mean and other symptoms´ is the highest(p<0.01). From the above results, it was suggested that general symptoms are representative of weak children's characteristics.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Child abuse is defined as any type of maltreatment and neglect by an adult, which is violent or threatening for a child, including physical violence directed to the child. Children could be abused not only by a parent or caregiver, but also by other adults on whom they are dependent, such as day nursery workers, teachers, and sports coaches. While doctors are the most responsible people for reporting any type of child abuse, their care and awareness seem to be very poor and weak. We reviewed 30 autopsy cases of child abuse, in particular during the past 20 years in Jeju Island. We expect that doctors will report any child abuse more actively after reading this review article.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between mother's temperament and child's and parenting attitude. Methods: One hundred twenty healthy mothers (above 20 ys) who has a child (7-11 ys) participated after informed consent. The temperament of the children was analyzed by the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory 7-11 (JTCI 7-11) by their mothers. The temperament of the mothers was analyzed by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Short (TCI-RS) and the parenting attitude of the mothers was analyzed by the Parenting Attitude Test (PAT). The relations between mother and child temperament and parenting attitude were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: There were some significant correlations between maternal temperaments and child's temperaments and maternal parenting attitude. Maternal temperament and parenting attitude: Novelty seeking (NS) of mother had low positive correlations with punishment, high expectation and inconsistency. Harm avoidance (HA) had low positive correlations with high involvement and high expectation, and had weak negative correlations with supportive expression and rational explanation. Reward dependence (RD) had low positive correlation with rational explanation. Persistence (P) had low positive correlations with supportive expression, rational explanation and superintendence, and weak negative correlation with high expectation. Child's temperament and parenting attitude: NS of child had low positive correlations with achievement press, high involvement, punishment, high expectation and inconsistency. Low positive correlations were found in many sets such as HA and high expectation, RD and supportive expression and rational explanation, P and supportive expression and rational explanation. Conclusions: These results suggest that there are significant relations between mother and child temperament and parenting attitude the temperament of mother and child.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.581-592
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• 2017

This study investigated the occupational experiences of social workers in child care facilities. The participants of the study were six social workers in child care facilities. This qualitative research used a Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method that and classified the main findings into five categories and twelve sub-themes. This study revealed that child care professionals define themselves as "caregivers" and "role models." Positive effects of institutional life on a child were forming peer relationships and being able to use diverse services while negative effects included acquiring a social stigma, having problems in developing attachment between a child and a surrogate caregiver, developing passive attitude and weak will power from communal living. Meanwhile, conflicts with children and poor working conditions led to burnout for caregivers. Our recommendations on the direction of change for the facilities are: categorizing admitted children, supporting restoration of family functions, reinforcing support for children's preparation for an independent life, and developing expertise. This paper provides a better understanding of child care facilities as well as encourages further social discourse on institutionalized children in order to promote policy making and implementation.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Objective : This study was designed for find corelation between behavior and physical symptoms in child. Physical symptoms appearing related with weak viscera are selected. And behaviors related to selected symptoms are compared that of children with character type defined by jung, c. G. Method: 497 children ( 3-11 years old ) who have visited two oriental clinic ( one is in Gang-Nam Gu Seoul (282 children), the other is in Joong-Rang Gu Seoul (215 children) ) from Jan. to Jul. 2006 were invested through the questionnaires, which were filled by their parents. These questionnaires have 61 yes-no type questions about behaviors on 12 situations, 36 yes no type questions about physical symptoms in 15 categories. 6 questions expected positive answer in child with weak spleen are categorized sp-q and 6 related weak lung, lu-q, 6 related weak kidney, ki-q. Numbers of positive answers in sp-q, lu-q and ki-q are counted so-index, lu-index and ki-index each. Corelation between behavior questions and 3 symptom indexes are measured and questions shown low significance level ( under 5% in pearson corelation, two-tailed ) are selected. Result: 15 behaviors related sp-index, 12 related lu-index, 12 related ki-index are selected and analysed. Conclusion : 1. Behaviors related sp-index is similar to that of Thinking Type children Grouped by jung, c. G.. 2. Behaviors related lu-index is similar to that of Sensation Type. 3. Behaviors related sp-index is similar to that of Feeling Type.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2013

Because of the increasing demand for day care centers, The Korean government has enforced childcare accreditation. The government has created the evaluation certification system for child care facilities. But the system includes variable items, and the physical rules are not sufficient for ensuring security and quality amenities. So this study, through literature search, examined the rules of Child Care Centers in the U.S. and compared them with those in Korea focusing on the provision of security and amenities. The standards found in 4 U.S. states were investigated, and the results are as follows. The rule pertaining to the size of indoor activity spaces in C.C.C. allows the spaces to be smaller in Korea than in the U.S. There is no specific criterion for infants and toddlers in our standard. When comparing the standards of Korea with those of the United States, Korea's standards do not state specific rules about child care facilities such as indoor furniture, finishes and space planning. Additionally, the binding force ensuring compliance with the standards of physical facilities is weak. Thus, the ratings of child care standards for the physical environment should be presented in detail. And if a center does not comply with the criteria, stronger penalties will have to be imposed.

• 아동학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2009

This study investigated whether children's self-control and sense of humor could moderate negative effects of daily hassles on their school adjustment. Subjects of this study were 880 6th graders (468 boys, 412 girls) in the Seoul metropolitan area. Children reported their daily hassles, school adjustment, self-control, and sense of humor on questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis, and moderated regression analysis. Results showed that children who experienced less daily hassles, had higher self-control, and higher sense of humor were well-adjusted in their schools. Children's self-control and sense of humor moderated negative effects of daily hassles on school adjustment of children, although the moderate effect was weak.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.41-59
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• 2014

This study investigate the balance between work and family of married working women. Data from 12 married working women who have child(ren) in age 7-9. was collected through in-depth interviews. The interviews was to examine their child-caring and the balance between work and family. The results show that the child(ren)'s age, the quality of after school program, the time to go to work and out of work, the type of work and labor flexibility were the important factors which affect the everyday child-caring. The respondents were unsatisfied with their balance between work and family, especially they felt that their leisure time is insufficient, but they seemed to accept this unbalance to some extent because they recognize the child-caring is more important than their balance between work and family in this life cycle. In conclusion the public support for the child-caring of dual-earner families with the child(ren) in lower grades has to be more extended because the support system and services for this life cycle are weak and insufficient compared with the support system for the child(ren) of the preschool ages. The currently public services for child-caring are still far from their needs to achieve the balance between work and family. So the whole child care support policies and systems are to be continued with more balanced perspectives and practical programs.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and metabolic determinants of circulating soluble leptin receptor (CSLR) and free leptin index (FLI) in pre-pubertal obese male children. Methods: We conducted a preliminary cross-sectional study at three tertiary hospitals and one public primary school. Eighty obese male children without growth and developmental abnormalities aged 5-9 years were recruited. In these children, obesity was solely caused by excessive food intake, and not by acute illness, medications, endocrine abnormalities, or any syndrome. Body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, high density lipoprotein cholesterol level, low density lipoprotein cholesterol level, triglyceride level, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance are the potential determinants for leptin regulation, which is represented by CSLR level and FLI. Results: Carbohydrate was the main source of energy. BMI and body fat mass had negative weak correlation with CSLR and positive weak correlation with FLI. Furthermore, carbohydrate intake was found to be independently associated with CSLR based on the results of the multiple linear regression analysis. Following an increase in carbohydrate intake, CSLR level decreased progressively without any negative peak. Conclusion: Leptin regulation in prepubertal obese male children is associated with body composition and dietary intake. Carbohydrate intake is useful for predicting CSLR. Lipid profiles and insulin resistance are not related to both CSLR and FLI. Treatment and prevention of leptin resistance in obese children should focus on reducing BMI, fat mass, and carbohydrate intake.