• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.251-263
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• 2011

The geomechanical characteristics of rock and the structural geological feature of the fault should be studied and examined for the successful construction of large-span tunnel. In this case study, that is a important case for the tunnel collapse and reinforcement during the construction for the waterway tunnel at large thrust fault zone in schist, we carried out geological and geotechnical survey for make the cause and mechanism of tunnel collapse. Also, we have designed the reinforcement and re-excavation for the safe construction for collapse zone and have carried out successfully the re-excavation and finished the final concrete lining.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.421-432
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• 2007

To investigate temporal and spatial variations of hydrodynamics and environmental conditions in Gyeonggi Bay, including Han River estuary, numerical experiments were performed using 3-dimensional fine grid numerical ocean model. The model successfully reproduced the physical phenomena already known in Gyeonggi Bay where tide and fresh water discharge are dominant forcings. The calculated harmonic constants of tide and tidal current agreed well with those of observations at nine tide stations and two tidal current stations. Tidal asymmetries along the Yeomha Waterway, mainly caused by non-linear effect, were well reproduced and agreed well with observations. Time series of salinity at four stations(A, B, C and D) and horizontal distributions of monthly averaged salinity show that Gyodong and Seokmo Waterways play an important role in fresh water discharge into the Gyeonggi Bay rather than Yeomha Waterway.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.10 no.2 s.21
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• pp.29-34
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• 2004

The marine traffic congestion has increased due to the expansion of vessel traffic volume in Korean coastal waterway these days. Heavy traffic could bring serious marine casualties which cause the loss of human lives, properties and marine pollution in coastal area. In this paper, the probability analysis of marine casualties in Korean coast. To achieve this aim, clears up the cause of accident and examines closely the mutual relations among marine casualties, weather condition, and marine traffic volume. These casualties are classified into several patterns or the point of view of ship's size, ship's type and ship's age and its characteristics of each pattern are described In detail.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.59-65
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• 2003

For safe passing the waterway crossing bridge without collision with bridge-piers under poor visibility circumstances, it is very important that the pier should be detected definitely as earlier as possible by radar, In this study, the required length of Projecting part of the bridge pier for definite radar recognition was obtained by theoretical and experimental analyses. By presenting the required values depending on the maximum vessel size and passing condition, it is expected possible to design the bridge pier protecting system appropriately suitable to traffic environment of the waterway.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.13-18
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• 2004

The marine traffic congestion has increased due to the expansion of vessel traffic volume in Korean coastal waterway these days. Heavy traffic could bring serious marine casualties which cause the loss of human lives, properties and marine pollution in coastal area. In this paper. the probability analysis of marine casualties in Korean coastal To achieve this aim, clears up the cause of accident and examines closely the mutual relations among marine casualties, weather condition, and marine traffic volume. These casualties are classified into several pattens or the point of view of ship‘s size, ship’s type and ship‘s age and its characteristics of each patten are described in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-154
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate and analyze the waterscape of the Sunam Temple on Mt. Chokye over which controversies had been actively raised, especialy of its Japanese impacts, comparing the phenomena arising from it with those of Korean and Japanese traditional temples. And then the identity of the Sunam Temple was clarified in itself. It is concentrated on what exotic formation are found in waterscapes of the Sunam Temple and how they can be proved via what factors. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Two curved ponds located in the western part of the Iljumun gate have a specific features not visible in any other Korean traditional temples, serving as an object of interest. Such ponds with curved form in the Sunam Temple had an affinity to those of stroll-style garden in Kyoto area. 2. The winding waterway along with curved ponds in the west of the Iljumun gate was introduced into the Sunam Temple. Therby, it was an exceptional phenoma hardely found in the traditional temples of Korea. This study was a typical one, as found in the stroll Japanese temples. Especially, the swinding waterway found in both the Kinkakuji Temple and the Ginkakuji Temple designated as object temples of comparison in the present study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.311-316
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• 2004

In order to secure the traffic safety especially in the entrance waterway of harbour, it is important that the breakwater and the port facilities should be designed properly considering ship-handling difficulty and traffic flow. In this study, the lateral force acting on ship hull under the external force(wind, current, wave) is investigated quantitatively for the container ship approaching to the Busan and Gamcheon breakwater. The relation of ship-handling difficulty to the breakwater and the arrangement of ship's routine are examined based on the lateral force under the external force. Some of reviews to secure traffic safety on the design of breakwater are discussed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.661-667
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• 2003

There are certain guidelines on the channel design such as domestic guidelines（Korean and japanese, etc.）and international guideline known as PIANC Rules（Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses Rules）, in the world These rules have considered many factors such as natural conditions, ship maneuverability and geographical features etc. But it is contented toot the area of these rules toot are meant to facilitate the ease of ship-handling is insufficient. To satisfy this point in design process, it is necessary to take into account the difficulties encountered in ship-handling within these inland waterways. Because many vessels are navigating at the same time within these waterways, the specific navigable traffic volume should be considered with regard to the standard process of route designing. It must also be considered with regard to the volume of navigable traffic bemuse of ship-handling difficulty toot arises within the same waterway with varying amounts of traffic volume because toot ship-handling/manueverability is directly influenced by these factors. This paper aims to propose a new approach to the design of standard inland water route considering the traffic volume and the shape of waterway. Also consider the relationship among these factors may affect to the ship-handling difficulties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.419-426
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• 2008

Recently, localized heavy rain due to "EL-LIO" was a kind of reason by risk of slope stability. In this paper, the behaviour of slope when localized heavy rain was studied. In order to perform this study experimental programs were performed. Experimental programs was checked filtering conditions for slope stability due to localized heavy rain. And then, investigated slope stability and fracture mechanism each other types. In the experimental study, performed changing filtering condition by embankment, through five fixing factors such as rainfall intensity, slope shape, geological condition, compaction energy and water content. According to the results of this study, behaviour of facture slope has made a shallow and narrow waterway. This waterway expanded base stone. In order to, suggested a system for slope stability examination.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.55-65
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• 2019

Ganggyeong, a city which is located at riverside of Geum River, played a role to connect the inland cities and the coastal cities through the Geum river waterway. In Chosun dynasty, Ganggyeong was one of the three major markets in Korea, and at the same time, it was one of the two river docks in Korea. However, after the railway was installed in Korea, railroad was more important than waterway in transporting logistics and in 1911 Honam railroad and Ganggyeong railway station was installed. Thus it was necessary to reorganize urban structure of Ganggyeong city from the traditional river-dock city to modern railroad city. In addition, urban infrastructure to prevent flood damage was needed because Ganggyeong suffered from floods and water shortages every year. Therefore, between 1910s and 1930s large-scale social infrastructures including road, water and sewage system, river bank, floodgate was constructed not only to revitalize the declining city but also to prevent flood damage and water shortages that hinder urban development. The installation of urban infrastructure has enabled the urban expansion and development of Ganggyeong city, and it is still served as a basic urban structure.