• Title/Summary/Keyword: water-leakage

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Heat sensitivity on physiological and biochemical traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

  • Jain, Amit Kumar
    • Advances in environmental research
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.307-319
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    • 2014
  • Four chickpea cultivars viz. kabuli (Pusa 1088 and Pusa 1053) and desi (Pusa 1103 and Pusa 547) differing in sensitivity to high temperature conditions were analyzed in earthern pot (30 cm) at different stages of growth and development in the year of 2010 and 2011. Pusa-1053 (kabuli type) showed maximum photosynthetic rate and least by Pusa-547 (desi type), whereas maximum cell membrane thermostability were recorded in Pusa-1103 and minimum in Pusa-1088. Among the treatments, the plants grown under elevated temperature conditions had produced 13.01% more significant data in comparison to plants grown under continuous natural conditions. Stomatal conductance were reduced 44.25% under elevated temperature conditions than natural conditions, whereas 35.56%, when plants grown under initially natural conditions upto 30DAS, then 30-60DAS elevated temperature and finally shifted to natural conditions till harvest. In case of Pusa-1103, stomatal conductance was maximum as compared to rest of 2.7% from Pusa-1053, 8.9% from Pusa-1088, and 10.3% in Pusa-547 throughout the study. Plants grown under continuous elevated temperature conditions had produced 15.30% and 15.32% more significant membrane thermostability index in comparison to continuous natural conditions at vegetative stage and 19.40% and 18.44% at flowering stage, while the better response was recorded at pod formation stage. Pusa-1053 had given 2.8% more membrane thermostability index than Pusa-1088 and Pusa-1103 had given 1.6% more membrane thermostability index than Pusa-547 in the present study. The membrane disruption caused by high temperature may alter water ion and inorganic solutes movement, photosynthesis and respiration. Thus, thermostability of the cell membrane depends on the degree of the electrolyte leakage.

Effect of Coverings on the Growth of Ginseng and the Persistency of Procymidone in Growing Soils (인삼재배를 위한 차광조건이 인삼의 생육과 토양 중 Procymidone의 잔류에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyo-Kun;Lee, Kyu-Seung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.24-30
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    • 2002
  • Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) has been cultivated on raised beds with shading condition for 4 to 6 years because of its physiological characteristics. This shading condition maintains relatively stable soil environments protecting from rainfall and direct sunlight. Therefore, pesticides in ginseng growing soil are exposed to far different environment from the general cropping field. To study the behavior of pesticides under this condition, the effect of covering on the persistency of Procymidone in ginseng cultivating soil was investigated by using several shade materials. The most important factor affecting Procymidone persistency in soil under covering was water leakage rates of shade materials.

Chest Pain and Hyungsang Medicine (흉통(胸痛)의 형상의학적(形象醫學的) 치료)

  • Oh, Chung-Hwan;Kang, Kyung-Hwa;Lee, Yong-Tae
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.1117-1125
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    • 2006
  • A study is made on the chest pain in the perspective of Hyungsang medicine. The following are the conclusions produced by the examination on the clinical cases of chest pain. Excessive atmospheric influences (wind, rain, cold and summer heat) are the exogenous causes of chest pain. The endogenous causes are diet, dwelling, sexual life and emotions. Persons of bird type are attacked by the chest pain because of emotional depressions. Those of running animal type get sick of chest pain when wood checks earth. Those of turtle type are a afflicted with chest pain due to depression and stagnation of Ki. Those of fish type suffer from chest pain when the ministerial fire of the liver and kidney becomes hyperactive. Chest pain is causes by leakage of Jung for the Jung kwa person, by stagnation of Ki for the Ki kwa person, by flaming fire due to deficiency of Yim for the Shin kwa person and Dy failure of water and fire in complementing each other for the Hyul kwa person. Chest pain often occurs to persons with the following characteristics upward nose, Dig eyes, chapped lips, pronounced foot of nose, red or yellow complexion, frowning face and wrinkles on the nasal radix. Among the six meridian types, chest pain is often found in the persons of Yangmyung and Taeum meridians. Women suffer from chest pain more often than men because breast is a center of life to her.

The Usefulness of Intraoperative Myelography during Spinal Surgery (수술중 시행한 척수 조영술의 유용성)

  • Yoon, Sung-Hoon;Yi, Jin-Seok;Jang, Ha-Sung;Lee, Hung-Jin;Yang, Ji-Ho;Lee, Il-Woo;Kang, Joon-Ki
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.30 no.sup2
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    • pp.322-327
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    • 2001
  • Objectives : There are many kinds of method to evaluate neural decompression during operation. They are direct visual and manual inspection, intraoperative ultrasound, endoscope, intraoperative computed tomography and intraoperative myelography. We used intraoperative myelography to evaluate the proper decompression of neural elements during the decompressive surgery. Methods : We injected 10-20cc of nonionic water-soluble contrast materials through direct puncture site of exposed dura during operation or lower lumbar level or lumbar drain inserted preoperatively. 12 patients were included in this study. They were 7 patients of centrally herniated lumbar disc disease, 1 patient of multiple lumbar spinal stenosis, 2 patients of thoracic extradural tumor and 2 cervical fracture & dislocations. Results : 5 of 12 patients showed remained neural compression through intraoperative myelography, so they were operated further through other approach. Myelographic dye is heavier than CSF, so the dependent side of subarachnoid space was visualized only. In one case, CSF leakage through hemovac was detected, but it was treated only bed rest for 5 days after hemovac removal. Conclusion :Intraoperative myelography is an effective method to evaluate neural decompression during spinal surgery. This technique is easy and familiar to us, neurosurgeons.

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Konjac Glucomannan Derived Carbon Aerogels for Multifunctional Applications

  • Lian, Jie;Li, Jiwei;Wang, Liang;Cheng, Ru;Tian, Xiuquan;Li, Xue;Zhou, Jian;Duan, Tao;Zhu, Wenkun
    • Nano
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    • v.13 no.10
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    • pp.1850113.1-1850113.11
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    • 2018
  • Environmental and energy issues have always been a hot topic of global research. Oil leakage has caused great damage to the environment, affecting a wide area and it is difficult to clean up. In most cases, carbon-based adsorbents are typically utilized to remove oil spills because of their economic benefits and high adsorbent efficiency. At the same time, its excellent material properties can also be used for the preparation of supercapacitors. In this paper, the carbon aerogels were prepared by the one-step method. The prepared materials endowed a 3D network structure with a huge number of micropores and mesoporous, and the material is light-weight, stable, hydrophobic and has affinity for oil (17.02 g/g) to the KGM carbon aerogel. Through the physicchemical characterization, the KGM carbon aerogel shows specific surface area is $689m^2/g$, high water contact angle ($136.64^{\circ}$) and excellent reusability (more than 15 cycle times). In addition, we also discussed the electrochemical properties of the material and obtained the specific electrical capacity of 139 F/g under the condition of 1 A/g.

Waterproofing performance evaluation according to each waterproofing material due to segment construction error (세그먼트 시공오차에 따른 이음부 지수재별 방수성능 평가)

  • Heo, Seung-Mu;Jung, Hoon;Lee, Seok-Won
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.1023-1037
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    • 2018
  • The interest in the use of shield TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) on the tunnel excavation has been increased rapidly in Korea. The shield TBM tunnel is generally designed as non-drainage tunnel. Consequently, if water leakage through the segment joints happens, big problems on the usage and stability of tunnel can be occurred. In this study, the variation of waterproof capacity of hydrophilic rubber waterstop and gasket, respectively by the construction error and excessive displacement of segment was studied. The test results show that hydrophilic rubber waterstop has favorable on the offset, however unfavorable on the gap. On the other hand, gasket has unfavorable on the offset, however favorable on the gap.

Intra-event variability of bacterial composition in stormwater runoff from mixed land use and land cover catchment

  • Paule-Mercado, Ma. Cristina A.;Salim, Imran;Lee, Bum-Yeon;Lee, Chang-Hee;Jahng, Deokjin
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.29-38
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    • 2019
  • Microbial community and composition in stormwater runoff from mixed land use land cover (LULC) catchment with ongoing land development was diverse across the hydrological stage due different environmental parameters (hydrometeorological and physicochemical) and source of runoff. However, limited studies have been made for bacterial composition in this catchment. Therefore, this study aims to: (1) quantify the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), stormwater quality and bacterial composition and structure according to hydrological stage; and (2) determine their correlation to environmental parameters. The 454 pyrosequencing was used to determine the bacterial community and composition; while Pearson's correlation was used to determine the correlation among parameters-FIB, stormwater quality, bacterial composition and structure-to environmental parameters. Results demonstrated that the initial and peak runoff has the highest concentration of FIB, stormwater quality and bacterial composition and structure. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were dominant bacteria identified in this catchment. Furthermore, the 20 most abundant genera were correlated with runoff duration, average rainfall intensity, runoff volume, runoff flow, temperature, pH, organic matter, nutrients, TSS and turbidity. An increase of FIB and stormwater quality concentration, diversity and richness of bacterial composition and structure in this study was possibly due to leakage from septic tanks, cesspools and latrines; feces of domestic and wild animals; and runoff from forest, destroyed septic system in land development site and urban LULC. Overall, this study will provide an evidence of hydrological stage impacts on the runoff microbiome environment and public health perspective.

Engineered bioclogging in coarse sands by using fermentation-based bacterial biopolymer formation

  • Kim, Yong-Min;Park, Taehyung;Kwon, Tae-Hyuk
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.485-496
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    • 2019
  • Sealing of leakage in waterfront or water-retaining structures is one of the major issues in geotechnical engineering practices. With demands for biological methods as sustainable ground improvement techniques, bioclogging, defined as the reduction in hydraulic conductivity of soils caused by microbial activities, has been considered as an alternative to the chemical grout techniques for its economic advantages and eco-friendliness of microbial by-products. This study investigated the feasibility of bioaugmentation and biostimulation methods to induce fermentation-based bioclogging effect in coarse sands. In the bioaugmentation experiments, effects of various parameters and conditions, including grain size, pH, and biogenic gas generation, on hydraulic conductivity reduction were examined through a series of column experiments while Leuconostoc mesenteroides, which produce an insoluble biopolymer called dextran, was used as the model bacteria. The column test results demonstrate that the accumulation of bacterial biopolymer can readily reduce the hydraulic conductivity by three-to-four orders of magnitudes or by 99.9-99.99% in well-controlled environments. In the biostimulation experiments, two inoculums of indigenous soil bacteria sampled from waterfront embankments were prepared and their bioclogging efficiency was examined. With one inoculum containing species capable of fermentation and biopolymer production, the hydraulic conductivity reduction by two orders of magnitude was achieved, however, no clogging was found with the other inoculum. This implies that presence of indigenous species capable of biopolymer production and their population, if any, play a key role in causing bioclogging, because of competition with other indigenous bacteria. The presented results provide fundamental insights into the bacterial biopolymer formation mechanism, its effect on soil permeability, and potential of engineering bacterial clogging in subsurface.

A Study on the Applicaton of Electrical Resistivity Survey in the Contaminated Soil and Groundwater Site (토양 및 지하수 오염지역에 대한 전기비저항탐사의 적용성 연구)

  • Chae, Seungheon;Lee, Sangeun;Jeong, Gyo-Cheol
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.525-539
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    • 2020
  • A site containing buried solid waste and treated water and oil storage containers from a leather manufacturing plant was studied through soil and groundwater pollution and electrical resistivity surveys with the aim of identifying areas polluted by leachate generated by landfilling with leather waste and leakage wastewater. It was found that TPH and Zn exceeded environmental standards for soil pollution and, for leachate and groundwater, Cr(VI) concentrations exceeded standard levels for groundwater quality. An electrical resistivity survey was used to elucidate soil and groundwater pollution characteristics and diffusion pathways. Ten survey lines were set up with an electrode spacing of 5 m in a dipole-dipole array. The hydraulic characteristics of soil determined by groundwater contamination surveys matched well the low-resistivity-anomaly zones. Electrical resistivity surveys of areas containing contaminated soil and groundwater that have irregular strata due to waste reclamation are thus useful in highlighting vertical and horizontal pollutant diffusion pathways and in monitoring contaminated and potentially contaminated areas.

A Study on Establishment of Essential Performance Evaluation Criteria for C-arm Computed Tomography (C-arm CT의 필수 성능평가 기준 마련을 위한 연구)

  • Kim, Eun-Hye;Park, Hye-Min;Kim, Jung-Min
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2022
  • In order to overcome the image quality limitations of the conventional C-arm, a flat panel detector (FPD) is used to enhance spatial resolution, detective quantum efficiency, frame rate, and dynamic range. Three-dimensional (3D) visualized information can be obtained from C-arm computed tomography (CT) equipped with an FPD, which can reduce patient discomfort and provide various medical information to health care providers by conducting procedures in the interventional procedure room without moving the patient to the CT scan room. Unlike a conventional C-arm device, a C-arm CT requires different basic safety and essential performance evaluation criteria; therefore, in this study, basic safety and essential performance evaluation criteria to protect patients, medical staff, and radiologists were derived based on International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) standards in Korea, and the rules on the installation and operation of special medical equipment in Korea. As a result of the study, six basic safety evaluation criteria related to electrical and mechanical radiation safety (leakage current, collision protection, emergency stopping device, overheating, recovery management, and ingress of water or particulate matter into medical electrical (ME) equipment and ME systems: footswitches) and 14 essential performance evaluation criteria (accuracy of tube voltage, accuracy of tube current, accuracy of loading time, accuracy of current time product, reproducibility of radiation output, linearity and consistency in radiography, half layer value in X-ray equipment, focal size and collimator, relationship between X-ray field and image reception area, consistency of light irradiation versus X-ray irradiation, performance of the mechanical device, focal spot to skin distance accuracy, image quality evaluation, and technical characteristic of cone-beam computed tomography) were selected for a total of 20 criteria.