• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.325-334
• /
• 2003

It is very difficult to rehabilitate the damaged earth dam core to manage it stably against development of flow path and increase of leakage by hydraulic fracture. In this study, application of CGS (Compaction Grouting System) to damaged earth dam core was noticed by analyzing and comparing the results of the in-situ data and FEM. Results of in-situ data showed that according as progress of rehabilitation works tip pressures increased and volume of injection decreased, voids of damaged dam core were filled with materials similar to origin dam core. Rehabilitations caused turbidity and volume of leakage to decrease at the same water level. Also, results of FEM analysis indicated that permeability decreased by rehabilitation. Through this study, it is proved that CGS is able to decrease permeability coefficient, volume of leakage and turbidity on damaged earth dam core.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.389-393
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide beauticians with the fundamental material for them to use effectively heat permanent wave and satisfy their customers. It carried out an experiment with hair of a woman in her late twenties to investigate the change of physical and morphologic characteristics by its water content when performing heat permanent wave. It evaluated the water content as 0g, 1g, 2g, 3g and 4g respectively when performing the heat permanent wave on hair, then it compared and observed the wave type, tensile strength and elongation for its physical change also observed the morphologic change by scanning electronic microscope and transmission electronic microscope. The result of experiment on the physical specificity revealed that the wave was the most ideal when the water content was 2 g. The material with much water content made wave but the result was not satisfied. In the case of hair with water content of nearly 0g didn't make wave. In terms of tensile strength and elongation, the tensile strength was generally reduced as hair was damaged, on the contrary, the elongation was increased. It observed the change of morphologic characteristic and got the result that the damage on hair cuticle was deepen as its water content was decreased. It also showed the result that damage happened on hair cuticle more than hair cortex with the observation of fine structure on hair section by transmission electronic microscope. Generally chemical treatment damaged hair. Under consideration of this aspect, the ultimate goal of this thesis is to minimize the damage of hair caused by chemical treatment and get the satisfaction on the hair style. The result of experiment presented that the hair showed the best result when its water content was 2 g.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.647-650
• /
• 1999

Deterioration of agricultural hydraulic structures(AHS), which are under harsh environmental conditions, is more sever than other ordinary structures. To investigate the deterioration factors of AHS, various physical and chemical analyses are performed. The porosity of AHS increases more rapidly than ordinary structures because they are subject to frequent water permeation and water-soluble materials are easily emitted to surface area. Thus, AHS are tend to be damaged by freezing and thawing more easily due to the increase of water containment inside concrete.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
• /
• v.3 no.3 s.3
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2005

The summary of a study of efficacy of Rose essential oil and Lavender essential oil against physiologic active change s of skin caused to surfactant is as follows. 1. In feed intake efficiency, there is more significant difference than control group, and then in water intake, there are significant differences between each group. It is presented that the water intake efficiency ratio of the group treated by Rose essential oil and Lavender essential oil is higher than all of groups to be participated in experiment. And then, the reason that the group treated Lavender essential oil is lower than any other group is needed water intake to be caused by stress. 2. As the result of serum analysis, in atherosclerotic index(A.I), the cholesterol of control group is higher than that of the group treated. As HDL cholesterol is activated, the dan1aged group is higher than control group, in LDL cholesterol the control group is higher. It is seen that the damaged group of the quantity of HDL cholesterol is lower frequently in A.I. This fact is presented that HDL cholesterol that cholesterol is exhausted is changed, because of the dan1aged group that replacement is activated. 3. As the observed result of alteration of sebaceous glands, it is appeared that the demage of sebaceous glands is destroyed in the damaged group. It is observed that epidermis of the group applied by Rose essential oil after treated surfactant is dry, secretion of phenomenon of water and sebum is appeared more. It is observed that the epidermis recovery of the group applied by Lavender essential oil after treated surfactant is insufficient. And then it is seen that stratum corneum is recovered and the quantity of sebum secretion is decreased. 4. As the observed result of alteration of Mast cell group treated by Rose essential oil and Lavender essential oil for 3 weeks Luna's stain(${\times}100$), it is observed that the damaged group treated by Lavender essential oil is numerous in alteration of mast cell's number and Mast cell's size is larger than the dan1aged group. It is presented that the Mast cell's number and Mast cell's size is larger than the damaged group, the Mast cell's size and quantity of the group treated by Rose essential oil and Lavender essential oil is decreased more.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.153-156
• /
• 2009

The water cooling system for VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) of a fossil fuel power plant was reported to be shut down due to a water leak at the metal connection of the heat-sink to the hoses. In order to identify the cause of the failure, the system was visually inspected, and corrosion products were analyzed with SEM equipped with EDX. The failure was observed repeatedly at the nipples of certain location, suggesting galvanic corrosion. In a U-shaped heat sink with two nipples, for inlet and outlet, only one nipple was corrosively damaged at the tip, while the other was not. Most of the corrosion products were observed at the sound nipple and in the filter, identified as $Cu(OH)_2$. Some other corrosion products, composed of mostly $Cu_2O$, were found at the corrosively attacked nipple. A fair amount of Cl was also detected on the surface of the damaged nipple. It was concluded that galvanic corrosion was occurred due to a current leakage over the whole system, and the damage was accelerated by the accumulated chlorine ions in the cooling water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.34 no.11
• /
• pp.1798-1811
• /
• 2010

This research evaluates the changes in the comfort-related properties of high-density fabric, such as moisture permeability and waterproofness, in order to assess the relative importance of laundry conditions for clothing properties after repeated laundering and suggest the best laundering conditions for high-density fabric through the identification of the most influential factor. A commercial high-density fabric was washed 25 times in a drum-type washer using nine different laundry conditions based on profiles derived from a fractional factorial design. To evaluate the changes in the comfort-related properties of the fabric, pore size, air permeability, water vapor transport, water repellency, and water resistance were measured. The comfort-related properties of the fabric deteriorated after repeated laundering by the damaged surface finish; in addition, the damaged surface also changed the pore size. As a result, the water repellency and water resistance decreased. The detergent was the most responsible factor to change the properties among the four factors of detergent, hardness, temperature, and RPM. The best laundering conditions for the fabric was a neutral detergent, soft water of 70ppm, a temperature of $15^{\circ}C$, and 30rpm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 1990

This study was attempted to compare the nutritive value of leaf with stem of the water cress Oenanthe stolonifera DC. in order to improve the eating habits and as a part of studying on the effective curing nutrients for the damaged liver. The contents of moisture crude proteinon the effective curing nutrients for the damaged liver. The contents of moisture crude protein crude fat and crude ash were 90.40% 2.85%, 0.42% and 0.74% in leaf while the contents of moisture crude protein crude fat and crude ash were 95.15% 0.77% 0.09%, and 0.64% of moisture crude protein crude fat and crude ash were 95.15% 0.77% 0.09% and 0.64% in stem respectively. The quantitative fractionation of proteini of both leaf and stem ranked albumin the highest content followed globulin prolamin and glutelin in order. It has been sh-own by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that water extractable protein of leaf 11 bands but those of stem were not detected. The scope of molecular weight for the main protein of water extractable protein of leaf was between 34.700 and 45,000. The amounts of extractive-nitrogen from leaf and stem of the water cress were 241.02mg% and 271.67mg% respec-tively. The amounts of free amino acid-nitrogen from the leaf and stem were 89.02mg% and 32.02mg% respectively. In free amino acid-nitrogen from the leaf and stem were 89.02mg% and 32.02mg% respectively. In free amino acid composition of both leaf and stem the major components were aspartic acid and glutamic acid. In total amino acid composition of water cress leaf aspartic and glutamic acid were the major components. Whereas alanine and thr-eonine were the major components in stem The assessment of water cress leaf and stem with chemical score. EAAl Rl showed that the values of stem were lower tendancy than those of leaf. Limiting amino acid of leaf was tryptophan while that of stem was lysine.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.291-300
• /
• 2019

If pipes are damaged in a water distribution network (WDN), adjacent valves are closed to isolate the pipes for repair. Due to the closed valves, parts of WDN are isolated from water supply sources. The isolated area is divided into Intended Isolation Area (IIA) and Unintended Isolation Area (UIA). The IIA occurs by intention to isolate the damaged pipe, while UIA is unintentionally disconnected from the sources due to IIA. Thus, the extension of isolated area and suspended flows are mainly affected by number and location of installed valves in WDN. In this study, optimization models were developed to determine optimal valve locations in WDN. In a single-objective model, total water supply suspension is minimized, while a multi-objective model intends to simultaneously minimize the suspended flow and valve installation cost. Optimal valve placement results obtained from both models were compared and analyzed using a sample application network.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to present the model of ecological restoration through analysis on the condition of hydrach succession process in brackish water lake. To this study, we investigate and research the present condition of brackish water lake in South Korea. Most brackish water lake in South Korea have characteristics that is come into being malignant hydrach succession. Many lakes were reclaimed to increase foodstuff production. And river conservation work seperate lakes from the ocean. In a embryological view, most lakes based on the brackish water lakes, But present lakes show many different types such as a fresh water lake, a salt lake, a brackish water lake, a swamp, and a marshland. As a result, brackish water lakes have greatly damaged by diverse artificial interventions to promote people's activities. Therefore, in order to manage brackish water lakes systematically, criteria of lake preservation must be coincide with the present conditions of hydrach succession in each lake.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 1997

The goal of this research is to evaluate methodology that uses satellite data for the analysis of flood and drought damaged area. Land cover classification were performed using satellite data that were acquired at disaster periods and comparatively normal times. Damaged area was extracted by use of overlay analysis in land cover change and compared with the field survey results. The results show analysis of flood damaged area could be carried out with single scene acquired at adequate day, and are corresponded with field survey data very well. And also, some areas that had been missed in field survey were found. The suggested method proved to be more accurate and effective way for mapping inundated areas of floodplains than field survey that would be held a few month later. The results on the analysis of drought damaged area show that drained water could be detected just only in small area, and crop damaged area could not be verified in objective validity. Drought analysis by remote sensing was proved not to be adequate for practical use in this study.