• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 2014

경량골재콘크리트는 구조물의 자중경감을 목적으로 경량골재를 적용하여 제조한 콘크리트로 구조물의 고층화 및 대형화에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 하지만 경량골재는 다공체이므로 화재와 같은 고온에 노출되는 경우 수증기압이나 열응력에 의해 골재 주변으로 응력이 집중될 가능성이 커 폭렬이 발생하기 쉽다. 본 연구는 구조용 경량골재를 사용한 1종 경량골재콘크리트의 함수율과 내화특성과의 관계를 검토코자 하며, 실험결과 압축강도와 함수율이 높은 경량골재콘크리트는 폭렬의 가능성이 높기 때문에 흡수율이 작은 골재의 사용이나 폭렬방지를 위한 대책이 필요하다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.674-681
• /
• 1994

In this study, four kinds of vapor-permeable waterproofed fabrics were selected and their properties and the changes of properties were investigated after laundering, petroleum drycleaning or tetrachloroethylene drycleaning (each 1, 5, 10 times). The results were as follows: 1) In the water resistance, only Gore Tex satisfied its minimum property requirements, $1.0kg/cm^2$ It decreased after laddering and drycleaning. Hipora-1000, Hipora-2000, Aitac decreased slightly by petroleum drycleaning and Gore Tex decreased slightly by all three methods. 2) In the moisture vapor transmission, three except Hipora-2000 satisfied its minimum property requirement, $4000g/m^2{\cdot}24hr$.24hr. After laundering and drycleaning, it increased regardless of cleaning methods. 3) In the water repellency, Hipora-lOOG, Hipora-2000 were not almost decreased after laundering and drycleaning. Aitac decreased slightly by petrolem drycleaning and Gore Tex decreased slightly by laundering and petroleum drycleaning. 4) Air permeability of Aitac increased with increasing of cleaning times regardless of cleaning methods. 5) In the bond strength, only Gore Tex dissatisfied its minimum property requirements, 250g/cm. Regardless of cleaning method, bond strength decreased with increasing of cleaning times. 6) Color difference was large in case of Hipora-1000 by laundering, Hipora-2000 by laundering and tetrachloroethylene drycleaning Aitac by tetrachloroethylene drycleaning, Gore Tex by laundering. To diminish property change of vaper-permeable waterproofed fabric, petroleum drycleaning is more effective than laundering and tetrachloroethylene drycleaning.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제18권11호
• /
• pp.915-922
• /
• 2006

Considering heat pipe design principles in fabrication and operational performances, water is one of the most recommended working fluids to make mid to low tempera lure heat pipes. But the conventional water heat pipes might encounter the failure in a cold start-up operation when socked at a chilling temperature lower than the freezing point. If they are subjected to a heat supply for start-up at a temperature around $-20^{\circ}C$, the rate of the vapor flow and the corresponding heat transfer from the evaporator to the condenser is so small that the vapor keeps to stick on the surface of the chilling condenser wall, forming an ice layer, resulting in a liquid deficiency in the evaporator. This kind of problems was resolved by Kang et al. in 2004 by adopting a gas loading heat pipe technology to the conventional water heat pipes. This study was conducted to examine a chilling start-up procedure of gas loading heat pipes by investigating the behaviors of heat pipe wall temperatures. And the thermal resistance of the gas loaded heat pipe that depends on the operating temperatures and heat loads was measured and examined. Two water heat pipes were designed and fabricated for the comparison of performances, one conventional and the other loaded with $N_2$ gas. They were put on start-up test at a heat supply of 30 W after having been socked at an initial temperature around $-20^{\circ}C$. It was observed that the gas loaded one had succeeded in chilling start-up operation.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.60-69
• /
• 1989

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of welding parameters such as welding current, electrode force(or squeeze force) and parts cleaning on the sound weld, and establishing the most reliable weld conditions for HWP(Heavy Water Reactor) fuel end capping with the resistance upset butt welding. Major results obtained are as follows. 1. The amount of sound weld was increased with increasing weld current(5.0-11KA) because the activated diffusion with increasing heat generation played an important role in eliminating the porosity and weld line in the weld interface. 2. It was found that weld current was not significantly influenced by the electrode force although the increase of it caused a slight increase of weld current and upset deformation. 3. Acetone rinsing before drying for the Zircaloy-4 end cap cleaning produced the reliable sound weld because it would remove the remaining solvent and surface films, and provided the uniform contact between the end cap and the tube. 4. The optimum welding conditions for fuel end capping by a resistance upset hytt welding are obtained as follows. weld current: 10-11KA, electrode force: 62-90KPa parts cleaning: vapor degreasing.rarw.water, acetone rinsing.rarw.drying.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.295-303
• /
• 2001

Condensation of vapor on solid inherently accompanies generation of liquid drops on the solid surface. However, these drops prevent the solid surface from directly contacting the saturated vapor, thus causing thermal resistance. This work investigates a novel mechanism for enhancing the condensation process, in which the condensed drops are rapidly removed from a solid surface by imposing vibration on them. In the experiments, a water drop pendant from a solid surface is vibrated at a fixed frequency while increasing the vibration amplitude. Upon repeating the experiments using various frequencies, it is revealed that there exist resonant frequencies at which the minimum vibration amplitudes inducing a fall-off of the pendant drops are remarkably less than those at neighboring frequencies. These frequencies are supposed to correspond to the resonant frequencies for different modes of drop shape oscillations. They are compared with the resonant frequencies predicted by relatively simple analyses, and the factors causing discrepancy between then are discussed.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.122-129
• /
• 2012

To develop a waterproof breathable material, we fabricated three kinds of nanofiber web laminates using a massproduced electrospun nanofiber web with different substrates and layer structures. The waterproofness and breathability of nanofiber web laminates were evaluated after repeated launderings and compared with those of conventional waterproof breathable fabrics currently in use, including densely woven fabric, microporous membrane laminated fabric, and coated fabric. The durability of nanofiber web laminates, including adhesion strength, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, and tearing strength, was also assessed and compared with those of conventional waterproof breathable fabrics. The water vapor transmission of nanofiber web laminates increased slightly after repeated launderings, whereas the air permeability somewhat decreased after launderings but still maintained an acceptable level of air permeability. Laundering reduced the resistance to water penetration of nanofiber web laminates, which implies that laminating techniques or substrate materials that could support waterproofness of the laminated structure should be explored. The adhesion strength, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, and tearing strength of nanofiber web laminates were in a range comparable to conventional waterproof breathable materials.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2010

포화 수증기압이 고출력 형광체 변환 백색 LED 패키지의 열화현상에 미치는 주요 스트레스 인자임을 확인하였다. 또한 LED 패키지의 가속 수명시험을 통하여 포화 수증기압이 효과적인 가속 스트레스 인자임을 확인하였다. 실험조건은 350 mA 전류를 인가한 것과 인가하지 않은 2가지 조건에 대해 $121^{\circ}C$, 100% R.H. 환경에서 최대 168 시간동안 진행하였다. 실험결과 두 실험 모두 광 출력 감소, 스펙트럼 세기의 감소, 누설전류 및 열 저항이 증가하였다. 고장분석 결과 광 특성의 열화는 봉지재의 변색과 기포에 의해 발생한 것으로 나타났다. LED 패키지의 변색과 흡습에 의해 유발되는 기계적 (hygro-mechanical) 스트레스에 의한 기포 발생은 패키지 열화의 중요한 인자로써, 포화 수증기압이 고출력 LED의 수명시험 시간을 단축하기 위한 스트레스 인자로 적합함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
• /
• pp.283-284
• /
• 2008

Electrical and optical characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO) films without and with $(SiO_2)_3(ZnO)_7$ at.% (SZO) film deposited on poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) and poly(ethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates as a gas barrier layer for flexible display were studied. The ITO and IZO films with SZO gas barrier layer showed the improved properties which were both the high transmittance of average 80% in the visible light range and the decreased sheet resistance as compared to those of ITO and IZO films without SZO layer. Particularly, the PEN substrate with only SZO gas barrier layer had a low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of $\sim10^{-3}g/m^2$/day. Thus, we suggest that the SZO film with protection ability against the water vapor permeation can be applied to gas barrier layer for flexible display.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.925-930
• /
• 2006

Chitosan-based nanocomposite films were prepared using a solution intercalation method incorporating varying amounts of organically modified montmorillonite (Cloisite 30B) from 0 to 30 wt%. The nanocomposite films prepared were optically clear despite a slight decrease in the transmittance due to the spatial distribution of nanoclay. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that a certain degree of intercalation or exfoliation formed when the amount of clay in the film was low and that microscale tactoids formed when the clay content in the sample was high (more than 10 wt%). The tensile strength (TS) of the chitosan film increased when the clay was incorporated up to 10 wt% and then decreased with further increases in the clay content of the film. The elongation at break (E) increased slightly upon the addition of low levels of clay up to 5 wt% and then decreased with further increases in the amount of the clay in the film. The water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased exponentially with increasing clay content. The water solubility (WS) and swelling ratio (SR) of the nanocomposite films decreased slightly, indicating that the water resistance of the chitosan film increased due to the incorporation of the nanoclay.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 2006

On purpose to reduce accumulated moisture and to prevent moisture condensation in a light-frame wall, thermal characteristics and moisture behaviors were investigated for four different wall assemblies; a) typical wall, b) addition of vapor retarder between the insulation and the gypsum board, c) addition of air gap for natural ventilation behind the siding, d) composition with b) and c). Each wall was tested under two climate conditions; 1) $20^{\circ}C$, 50% RH (indoor) and $30^{\circ}C$, 85% RH (outdoor), 2) $30^{\circ}C$, 85% RH (indoor) and $20^{\circ}C$, 50% RH (outdoor).The results showed that the typical wall assembly had poor resistance against moisture intrusion from the inside of building. Outdoor and indoor humidity caused the moisture condensations on the inside of the siding and the back surface of the sheathing respectively. The addition of a vapor retarder did not give significant improvement in preventing the moisture intrusion.