• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2010

Beaches in estuaries, bays, and harbors are frequently contaminated with indicators of human pathogens such as fecal indicator bacteria. Tracking down the sources of contamination at these enclosed beaches is complicated by the many point and non-point sources that could potentially degrade water quality along the shore. A mathematical framework was developed to test quantitative relationships between fecal indicator bacteria concentration in ankle depth water at enclosed beaches, the loading rate of fecal indicator bacteria from non-point sources located along the shore, physical characteristics of the beach that affect the transport of fecal indicator bacteria across the beach boundary layer, and a background concentration of fecal indicator bacteria attributable to point sources of fecal pollution that impact water quality over a large region of the embayment. Field measurements of fecal indicator bacteria concentrations and water turbulence at an enclosed beach were generally consistent with predictions and assumptions of the mathematical model, and demonstrated its utility for assessing waste load of non-point sources, such as runoff, bather shedding, bird droppings, and tidal washing of contaminated sediments.

• 수도
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• 제25권1호통권88호
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• pp.25-35
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• 1998

Factors controlling water quality, water-quality standards, and normal ranges of concentrations in unpolluted fresh water and the sources of elements were explained in this paper. In particular, the sources of groundwater contamination such as the disposal of domestic waste water, landfills, chemical spills and leaking underground tanks, and agricultural and mining activities were discussed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2024

The introduction of a significant amount of phosphorous into aquatic environments can lead to eutrophication, which can in turn result in algal blooms. For the effective management of watersheds and the prevention of water quality problems related to nonpoint organic matter (OM) sources, it is essential to pinpoint the predominant OM sources. Several potential OM sources were sampled from upper agricultural watersheds, such as fallen leaves, riparian reeds, riparian plants, paddy soil, field soil, riparian soil, cow manure, and swine manure. Stream samples were collected during two storm events, and the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and phosphorous (DOP) from these OM sources and stream samples were assessed. DOM indicators using fluorescence spectroscopy, including HIX, FI, BIX, and EEM-PARAFAC, were evaluated in terms of their relevance in discerning DOM sources during storm events. Representative DOM descriptors were chosen based on specific criteria, such as value ranges and pronounced differences between low and high-flow periods. Consequently, the spectral slope ratio (S_R) paired with fluorescence index (FI) using end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) proved to be suitable for estimating the contribution of organic carbon (OC). The contribution of each organic phosphorous (OP) in stream samples was determined using the phosphorous-to-carbon (P/C) ratio in conjunction with the OC contribution. Notably, OP derived from swine manure in stream samples was found to make the most dominant contribution, ranging from 61.3% to 94.2% (average 78.1% ± 12.7%). The results of this research offer valuable insights into the selection of suitable indicators to recognize various OM sources and highlight the main sources of OP in forested-agricultural watersheds.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.118-118
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• 2011

We executed a simultaneous survey of 22 GHz water maser and 44 GHz methanol maser toward 290 shocked $H_2$ emitting regions, which were identified from the galactic plane survey at $H_2$ 2.122 micrometer (UKIRT Widefield Infrared Survey for $H_2$; UWISH2). The primary goal of this observation is to characterize the H2 emission sources whether they are sincerely due to the outflows of young stellar objects or other shocked emission from older/evolved objects. We discovered 15 water maser sources and 15 methanol maser sources which provide the detection rate of around 5 percents. Most of detected sources have IRAS sources, infrared dark clouds, and/or submilimeter sources in the beam size of KVN single dish. In this poster, we will present the detailed results of our survey observation and discuss about the star formation rate in the galactic plane.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.561-567
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• 2007

It is necessary to predict future water pollution sources in the establishment of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) plan for watershed management. There are some difficulties and limits in estimating the pollution sources accurately since the prediction method is not firmly established. This study reviewed the existing methods of prediction and developed a technique characteristics. The characteristics were obtained by analyzing the change pattern of pollution sources by region and incorporated in the technique. A distinctive feature of the technique is to eliminate the influences of land use change included in the pollution source data of a region. The technique has been applied and tested. The test result showed the improvement on the prediction accuracy. A computer program was also developed for the easy application of the technique.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.163-176
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pollutant loads and its distribution, and to suggest the management of nonpoint sources in Daechong Reservoir. The loads from point and nonpoint sources such as population, industry, livestock and land use were calculated per stream or river with topography(1:25,000) of the watershed of Daechong Reservoir. The generating pollutant loads were obtained through multiplication of pollutant sources by generating pollutant quantity per unit pollutant source. The effluent point sources loads is defined as loads from wastewater treatment facilities such as domestic, industrial and livestock wastewater treatment facilities, which were calculated through multiplication of effluent flowrates by water quality constituents concentration. Untreated point sources loads were estimated to be 35 % of total point sources loads. The effluent nonpoint sources pollutant loads were obtained through the multiplication of generating nonpoint sources loads by effluent ratios based on previous studies. The effluent nonpoint sources loads have the ratio of 26.2% of total BOD effluent loadings, 20.1% of total T-N effluent loadings, and 10.5% of total T-P effluent loadings. For the reduction of nonpoint sources loads in Daechong Reservoir, silviculture, artificial wet land, and grassed waterways could be applied. And untreated livestock waste scattered can result in nonpoint loadings, so required the livestock wastes treatment facilities and purifying facilities together with the management of shed, pasture, livestock waste storage site and composting site. Finally, remote sensing and GIS should be applied to the identification of distribution of water quality, watershed, the location and scale of nonpoint sources, effluent process during rainfall, for more detailed analysis of nonpoint sources.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.577-588
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• 2022

본 연구는 금강의 조류 성장에 대한 제한영양소와 수질에 영향을 미치는 주요 지류를 파악하고 수질개선을 위한 관리대안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 금강 대청댐 하류에 위치한 5개 수질측정소에서 약 8년간(2013~202) 환경부의 물환경정보시스템(water.nier.go.kr)과 수자원관리정보시스템(wamis.go.kr)에서 14개의 수질항목의 자료를 분석하였다. 금강의 4대강 수중보 수문 개방 시 TP(총인)와 수온은 하천 하류의 조류 성장에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에는 수질변수간의 상관관계를 규명하고 금강의 조류 성장에 영향을 미치는 중요인자를 파악하고자 하였다. 최하류에 위치한 백제보수질측정소(WQ5)에서 TP와 수온은 Chl-a와 특별히 높은 상관관계를 보여 조류 번식에 상당한 영향을 미친다는 것을 나타냈다. 또한 본 연구에서는 금강의 양대 지류인 갑천과 미호천의 주요 오염원을 식별하고 우선순위를 지정하기 위해 주성분분석(Principal Component Analysis, PCA) 방법을 이 적용하였다. PCA방법을 이용하여 갑천과 미호천의 수질에 영얗ㅇ을 미치는 3대 오염원을 각각 파악하였다. 갑천의 경우 폐수처리장과 도시·농업 오염이 주요 오염원으로, 미호천의 경우 농지, 도시, 산림이 주요 오염원으로 각각 확인되었다. PCA는 금강 및 그 지류의 수질오염원을 구체적으로 파악하는 데 효과적인 것으로 판단되어 수질관리 전략의 효율을 제고하는 데에, 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.112-127
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• 2017

Groundwater accounts for more than 10% of the total water supply in Korea. However, the contribution of groundwater to public water supply systems has been poorly played role throughout the country except for Jeju Island. Compared with the groundwater uses in foreign countries, the pattern of groundwater use in Korea seems to be very deformed and unreasonable. Currently, the development and use of groundwater in Korea are mostly carried out by the individuals, and public sectors such as central and local governments are not actively involved in such activities. Private groundwater use and management will continue to cause groundwater depletion and pollution problems. It is necessary to actively enhance the role of public authorities in groundwater managements by engaging precise hydrogeological surveys and proper economic evaluation in the development and operation of groundwater sources. Also, in order to solve the problems that public water supply systems overly rely on the surface water sources, it is necessary to take policies that require the water supply companies to secure a variety of water sources.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.161-161
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• 2019

Water security issues, stimulated by increasing population and changing climate, are growing and pausing major challenges for water resources managers around the world. Proper utilization, management and distribution of all available water resources is key to sustainable development for achieving water security To alleviate the water shortage, most of the current research on multi-sources combined water supplies depends on an overall generalization of regional water supply systems, which are seldom broken down into the detail required to address specific research objectives. This paper proposes the concept of optimization framework on multi water sources selection. A multi-objective water allocation model with four objective functions is introduced in this paper. Harmony search algorithm is employed to solve the applied model. The objective functions addresses the economic, environmental, and social factors that must be considered for achieving a sustainable water allocation to solve the issue of water security.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.504-512
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• 2006

In order to estimate microbial contaminant discharge from diffuse sources, rainfall runoff was monitored at forestry, agriculture and urban watersheds. Total coliform and E. coli were monitored at the study watersheds as they are regulated by the environmental laws. Concentration and EMC (Event Mean Concentration) of coliform of rainfall runoff at the urban watershed were the highest followed by those from agricultural and forestry watersheds. By monitoring coliform concentrations of overlying water and sediment at five monitoring points in the downstream of the Geum River, average concentration from spring to summer was higher than those values from fall to spring. Coliform concentrations in the pore water were higher compared to those of overlying water and closely related with flow rate of the river.