• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to compare free-chloride content with water-soluble chloride in blast furnace cement(BSC) paste. The content of free-chloride in cement paste measured by pore solution analysis and water-soluble chloride measured by ASTM. The result of this study are as follows: 1. The concentration of chloride ion in pore solution of BSC-solidified matrix is almost as low as 43-71% compared to that of OPC-solidified matrix containing the same chloride content in cement paste. 2. The binding capacity of specimens, OPC Pl-P5, are 93.5-77%, but the binding capacity of specimens, BSC Pl-P5 are 97.1-86.1%, which is to be as high as 2-9.1% compared to OPC containing the same chloride content. 3. In terms of water-soluble chloride content in BSC paste are 15-31.7 percent of chloride addition but free-chloride content in pore solution are 2.9-13.9 percent of chloride addition. The free-chloride content in pore solution is 19.3-43.8 percent lower for the water-soluble chloride content in cement paste.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1986

The influences of sodium chloride, polyethylene glycol 4000 and 20000 on 5-fluorouracil release from disk type silicone polymer devices were examined in isotonic phosphate buffer. These water soluble cosolvent and sodium chloride caused devices to swell in aqueous media. Sodium chloride exerted the greatest influence on drug release. The addition of water soluble cosolvent or sodium chloride to silicone polymeric devices permitted controlled release of 5-fluorouracil, presumably due to the change of the physical microstructure of silicone network, and the solubility and diffusivity of 5-fluorouracil. It seemed that the water soluble drug was released through the hydrophilic pores or pathways formed in the device by the incorporation of a water soluble cosolvent or sodium chloride.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.71-76
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• 2004

This paper investigate that the effect of the concrete containing mineral admixtures(pozzolanic materials such as fly-ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume and meta kaolin) on the resistance properties to chloride ion invasion. The purposed testing procedure was applied to the concrete added mineral admixtures for $3\sim4$ replacement ratios under W/B ratios ranged from 0.40 to 0.55. Specimens were immersed in $3.6\%$ NaCl solution for 330 days, and penetration depth, water soluble chloride contents and acid soluble chloride contents were measured in 28, 91, 182 and 330 days. Then, diffusion coefficient were calculated using total chloride contents. As a results. the kinds of mineral admixture and replacement ratios had a great effect on the resistance property of the concrete to chloride ion invasion compared with the plain concrete. And the optimal replacement ratios of mineral admixture had a limitation for each admixtures. The amount of acid soluble chloride ions and water soluble chloride ions were varied with the kinds of mineral admixtures and the penetration depth from the concrete skin. Chloride diffusion coefficient of each concretes decreased with the time elapsed. and the diffusion coefficients of the concrete immersed salt water for 330 days had a establishment with the compressive strength measured before immersing.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2003년도 학술.기술논문 발표회
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• pp.43-48
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• 2003

This paper investigate that the effect of the concrete containing mineral admixtures(pozzolanic materials such as fly-ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume and meta kaolin) on the resistance properties to chloride ion invasion. The purposed testing procedure was applied to the concrete added mineral admixtures for 3~4 replacement ratios under W/B ratios ranged from 0.40 to 0.55. For the electrical migration test, Tang and Nilsson's method was used to estimate the migration coefficient of chloride ion. As a results, the W/B ratios, kinds of admixture and replacement ratios, water curing periods had a great effect on the migration coefficient of chloride ion, and the optimal replacement ratios of admixture had a limitation for each admixtures. Also, the addition of mineral admixtures by mass(replacement of OPC) enhanced the resistance of the mixture to chloride penetration compared with the plain concrete. The amount of acid soluble chloride ions and water soluble chloride ions were varied with the kinds of mineral admixtures. The compressive strength was shown related to the migration coefficient of chloride ion, the compressive strength increased with the decreasing migration coefficient of chloride ion. Below the 50MPa, the variation of migration coefficient of concrete added mineral admixtures was bigger than plain concrete.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2003년도 학술.기술논문발표회
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• pp.43-48
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• 2003

This paper investigate that the effect of the concrete containing mineral admixtures(pozzaolanic materials such as fly-ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume and meta kaolin) on the resistance properties to chloride ion invasion. The purposed testing procedure was applied to the concrete added mineral admixtures for 3∼4 replacement ratios under W/B ratios ranged from 0.40 to 0.55. For the electrical migration test, Tang and Nilsson's method was used to estimate the migration coefficient of chloride ion. As a results, the W/B ratios, kinds of admixture and replacement ratios, water curing periods had a great effect on the migration coefficient of chloride ion, and the optimal replacement ratios of admixture had a limitation for each admixtures. Also, the addition of mineral admixtures by mass(replacement of OPC) enhanced the resistance of the mixture to chloride penetration compared with the plain concrete. The amount of acid soluble chloride ions and water soluble chloride ions were varied with the kinds of mineral admixtures. The compressive strength was shown related to the migration coefficient of chloride ion, the compressive strength increased with the decreasing migration coefficient of chloride ion. Below the 50MPa, the variation of migration coefficient of concrete added mineral admixtures was bigger than plain concrete.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2008

This paper dealt with the synthesis and characterization of the polymeric product by the reaction of the water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol)[PVA] nonwoven fabrics and the phosphoryl chloride ($POCl_3$), which has been applied to prepare water-proofing materials or intermediates for increasing water-proofing or fire-proofing ability of commercially available water-soluble PVA support layer. $POCl_3$ was reacted with PVA nonwoven fabrics under non-aqueous condition, and their reactivity, and chemical structure were checked and discussed. PVA was reacted with $POCl_3$ under the reaction condition of 1:1, or 1:2 mole ratios at 70, 80 and $90^{\circ}C$, and the reaction products were further hydrolyzed. The structure of the resulting products from water soluble PVA nonwoven fabrics reacted with $POCl_3$ were identified by FT-IR or X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer, and they indicated the PVA polymer chains to have phosphorous and chlorine moieties.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.101-105
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• 1986

The changes of water absorption and surface area of polydimethylsiloxane-5-fluorouracil devices containing different water soluble additives such as sodium chloride, glycerine, poly-propylene glycol(PPG 400), and polyethylene oxide(PEO 400, 400 and 2000) were investigated. It was confirmed that carriers controlled water absorption and swelling of the devices in the aqueous solutions. The water absorption and the swelling were affected by the osmotic pressure and ionic strength of the aqueous solutions.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.578-581
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• 2006

This study was performed to develop acid-soluble extraction solution and water-soluble extraction solution for hardened concrete. By use of this potentiometric method one can determinate chloride ion concentration in hardened concrete without pre-treatment and it can be used on-site.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 해수 침지 온도에 따른 비소성 시멘트 경화체의 물리적 및 역학적 특성에 대해 비교 분석하였다. 비소성 시멘트는 플라이애시와 고로슬래그미분말을 6:4, 7:3 및 8:2의 중량비로 혼합하여 수산화나트륨과 액상규산나트륨으로 알칼리 활성화 하여 제작되었다. 알칼리 활성화를 위한 활성화제는 플라이애시와 고로슬래그미분말을 혼합한 중량의 5%로 하였으며, 화학첨가제로 탄산칼슘이 사용되었다. 본 연구에서는 알칼리 활성화된 시험체들을 3가지 다른 온도($5^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$ 및 $25^{\circ}C$)의 해수에 각각 침지 시킨 후, 침지 재령 3일 및 28일에 대해 경화체의 압축 강도, 밀도 및 흡수율을 측정하였으며, 해수 침지 재령 28일에 대해서는 XRD 및 SEM 시험 분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 해수 침지 재령 28일에 대하여 시험체들 내의 수용성 염화물(자유염화물) 및 산-가용성 염화물(총염화물) 함유량을 측정하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 해수온도별로 침지시킨 플라이애시-고로슬래그미분말 혼합 알칼리 활성화 경화체는 플라이애시 혼합률이 증가함에 따라 밀도 감소, 흡수율 증가 및 강도가 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 플라이애시 혼합률이 증가할수록 시험체 내의 수용성 염화물 및 산-가용성 염화물의 양이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제작된 플라이애시-고로슬래그미분말 혼합 알칼리 활성화 경화체는 노출된 해수 온도 영향으로 인한 강도 차이는 없는 것으로 판단되며, 플라이애시와 고로슬래그미분말의 혼합중량비에 따라 강도 특성이 달라지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.47-68
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• 2018

This article reports the utilization of fly ash (FA) waste product from industry and silpozz which is an agro-waste from agriculture as an environmental friendly material in construction industry. The evaluation of strength and durability study was observed using FA and silpozz as a partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The studied parameters are compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and bond strength as well as the durability study involves the acid soluble chloride (ASC), water soluble chloride (WSC), water absorption and sorptivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD of selected samples are also done. It reveals from the test results that the deterioration factor (DF) in compressive strength is 4% at 365 days. The DF of split tensile strength and flexural strength is 0.96% and 0.6% at 90 days respectively. The minimum slip is 1mm and 1.1mm after 28 days of testing bond strength for NWC and SWC sample respectively. The percentage decrease in bond strength is 10.35% for 28 days SWC samples. The pre-cast blended concrete samples performed better to chloride diffusion. Modulus of elasticity of SWC samples are also studied.The water absorption and sorptivity tests are conducted after 28 days of curing.