• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 작업성과 경제성을 고려하여 집성재 제작용 접착제를 목재와 유리섬유강화플라스틱(GFRP: Glass fiber reinforced plastic) 접착에 적용할 수 있는지를 검토하였다. 복합집성재는 접착제 종류와 혼합비에 따라 6가지 타입으로 제작하여 블록전단강도시험과 침지박리, 삶음박리 시험을 실시하였다. 레조시놀수지 접착제와 초산비닐 수지접착제, 에폭시수지 접착제를 사용한 복합집성재 3가지 타입과 레조시놀수지 접착제와 초산비닐수지 접착제를 혼합한 3가지 타입으로 총 6가지 타입으로 제작하였다. 블록전단시험 결과 모든 타입의 복합집성재가 KS F 3021 기준 $7.1N/mm^2$ 보다 높아 전단강도는 양호하였지만, 목파율에서는 초산비닐수지접착제가 65.9%로 가장 우수한 접착 성능을 나타내었다. 박리시험에서는 초산비닐수지 접착제를 사용한 경우 GFRP 접착층까지 포함된 경우 침지 박리는 1.08%, 삶음박리는 4.16%로 KS F 3021 합격기준인 5% 이하를 만족하였다. 레조시놀수지 접착제만을 사용 한 경우 목재 접착층은 침지박리 1.26%, 삶음박리 0%로 합격기준을 만족하였으나 GFRP 접착층을 포함시킬 경우 침지박리는 21.85%로 합격기준을 만족하지 못하였고 삶음박리의 경우만 1.45%로 만족하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.682-690
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• 2015

The bonding performance of two types of wood adhesives, namely phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) resin and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin for glued laminated timber manufactured by high frequency (HF) heating was evaluated. The HF heating system consists of HF oscillator with dielectric heating system for curing adhesives, and hydraulic press system for clamping glued laminated timber. The designed frequency and output power of the HF system was as 5 MHz and 60 kW, respectively. To verify dielectric heating mechanism under HF oscillation, the heat loss factors of laminae and adhesives were measured. The results show that it is possible to selectively heat adhesives for their curing due to the remarkably higher loss factor of the adhesives than those of wood laminae. The temperature of adhesive in the bonding line reached up to the set temperature within a few seconds by high frequency oscillating, which advanced the curing of adhesive afterwards. The bonding performance, such as shear strength of bonding line, water soaking delamination, and boiling water soaking delamination of PRF resin met the requirement of Korean Standard (KS), however the MUF resin did not meet the KS requirement of boiling water soaking delamination. These results indicate that the HF heating system is successful to manufacture glued laminated timbers with PRF resins to meet the bonding requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2011

To evaluate the bonding performance of reinforced glulam, the textile type of glass fiber and aramid fiber, and the sheet type of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) were used as reinforcements. The reinforced glulam was manufactured by inserting reinforcement between the outmost and middle lamination of 5ply glulam. The types of adhesives used in this study were polyvinyl acetate resins (MPU500H, and MPU600H), polyurethane resin and resorcinol resin. The block shear strengths of the textile type in glass fiber reinforced glulam using MPU500H and resorcinol resin were higher than 7.1 N/$mm^2$, and these glulams passed the wood failure requirement of Korean standards (KS). In case of the sheet types, GFRP reinforced glulams using MPU500H, polyurethane resin and resorcinol resin, and CFRP reinforced glulams using MPU500H and polyurethane resin passed the requirement of KS. The textile type of glass fiber reinforced glulam using resorcinol resin after water and boiling water soaking passed the delamination requirement of KS. The only GFRP reinforced glulam using MPU500H after water soaking passed the delamination requirement of KS. We conclude that the bonding properties of adhesive according to reinforcements are one of the prime factors to determine the bonding performance of the reinforced glulam.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2004

As glulam is a woody material, it is necessary to be more careful in a gluing process. It takes 6-7 hours at $40-60^{\circ}C$ to harden PRF resin used in making structural glulam, and about 24 hours at room temperature. In the present process which can not use a press continuously, reducing the hardening time is necessary to increase production. The experiment was done to compare the adhesive properties of PRF resin and MUF resin through bending test, block shear strength test and water soaking test. In comparing the bending strength of prediction MOE is 1.2 times higher that actual MOE. PRF and MUF do not show significant difference in MOE and MOR, and in block shear strength test, such as shear strength and wood failure rate. However, in water soaking and boiling water soaking tests PRF and MUF show the significant difference in delamination rate.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.868-875
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• 2015

목구조물 접합부에 기존의 슬릿(slit)형 강판을 대체하기 위해서 FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) 보강적층판을 제작하였다. 보강재, 접착제 종류에 따라 총 4가지 타입의 FRP 보강적층판을 제작하였으며, 접합부 적용 전 KSF 3021과 KSF 2160에 의거한 박리실험과 ASTM D5045-99에서 제안한 Compact Tension (CT)형 파괴인성 시험을 실시하였다. 접착성능 시험결과 GFRP textile, GFRP sheet, GFRP Textile-Sheet 타입의 FRP 보강적층판은 침지 및 내수침지박리 시험에서 모두 KS 기준인 박리율 5% 이하를 만족하였다. 그러나 Aramid 타입의 시험편은 침지박리율 4.8%로 기준을 만족하였으나 내수침지박리율 70%로 합격기준을 만족하지 못하였다. 파괴인성 시험결과 단판만을 교차적층 시킨 대조군시험편보다 목재 대비 보강재 체적비를 23%로 함으로서 FRP 보강적층판의 내력이 2~4배 증가하였다. 그중에서도 GFRP Textile-Sheet 타입의 시험편이 하중 평행방향의 유리섬유 배열로 인해 할렬파단을 억제하면서 대조군 대비 응력확대계수 비가 61% 증가되어 파괴를 가장 크게 억제하는 것으로 확인되었다. FRP 보강적층판과 비금속 dowels을 사용한 접합부의 인장형 전단내력은 금속접합에 비해 약 12% 낮은 내력이 측정되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.655-662
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• 2019

This study evaluated the multi-bonding performances of timbers as well as those of reinforcement and timber to obtain data for preparing guidelines regarding the use of timbers as large structural members. For the multi-bonding performances of timbers, four types of bonding surfaces were prepared according to the pith position. For the bonding performances of FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic)/steel plate and timber, a total of 11 types of specimens were produced for the selection of the appropriate adhesive. The bonding performances of the produced specimens were evaluated through a water soaking delamination test, a water boiling delamination test, and a block shear strength test. The test results showed that the bonding strength of the bonding surface according to the pith position was highest in the specimen for which the two sections with the pith at the center of the cross-section on timber and between the bonding surfaces (the tangential and radial sections were mixed) were bonded. Furthermore, the specimens for which the section (radial section) with the pith on the bonding surface of the timber was bonded showed a high delamination percentage. The results of the block shear strength test showed that the bonding section did not have a significant effect on the shear strength, and that the measured wood failure percentage was higher than the KS standard value. The PVAc adhesive showed the highest bonding strength between larix timber and GFRP (glass FRP). Furthermore, the epoxy and polyurethane adhesives showed good bonding strength for CFRP (carbon FRP) and structure steel, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2024

To evaluate the adhesive characteristics of mixed cross-laminated timber (CLT) using domestic softwoods structural lumber proposed by KS F 3020 and yellow poplar, penetration depth of adhesive and thickness of bonding line were analyzed based on the results of boiling water soaking delamination. 3 Types of adhesives and 2 types of major layer were divided into a 5 ply CLT using yellow popular as minor layer. The bonding performance of the mixed CLT as structural members was evaluated based on the KS F 2081. The thickness of bonding line between layers of the mixed CLT was measured with a scanning electron microscope, and the adhesive penetration depth in the layer members was measured with an optical microscope. As a result of boiling water soaking delamination test of mixed CLT, the CLT specimens using PRF and PUR adhesives met the requirements of KS F 2081. It was verified that the penetration path of the adhesive in the layes was mainly through the tracheid cell in the case of Japanese larch and Korean red pine layers, and through the vessel and radial tissue in yellow popular layers. The penetration depth of the adhesive was the highest for the PRF adhesive under the same pressing time conditions, and the thickness of the bonding line was in inverse proportion to the penetration depth in the case of the PUR adhesive.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.284-292
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• 2010

This research was carried out to examine the properties of fancy cherry veneer overlaid on the PF resin bonded Meranti plywood floor, which 2.5% green tea leaf powder was applied in the UV varnishes and the adhesives for scavenging the volatile organic compounds. The results were as follows: 1. The various properties of the treated samples, such as density, moisture content, thickness swelling, bending strength(MOR), adhesion shear strength, surface abrasion, curling, cyclic delamination test with boiling water, boiling property, cold-resistance and heat resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance, and anti-contamination property showed no significant difference between the properties of the control samples. 2.5% green tea leaf powder treated floor gave a little better results than the control for surface scratch test. 2. In case of QUV and weathering test, no difference between the treated sample and control was found. 3. The floor was discolored by adding 10% green tea leaf powder to UV coating, and the floor was also discolored to light green during by the soaking test. The color of floor was not changed up to 5% addition level.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2017

This work attempted to manufacture glued-laminated timber (Glulam) bonded with melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin adhesives at various melamine contents from 20% to 50% under high frequency (HF) heating for a very short time. Two preparation methods were employed to prepare MUF resin adhesives with different melamine contents: one-batch method of synthesizing MUF resins in a single batch, and two-batch method of mixing urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin with melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin that had been synthesized separately. As the melamine content increased, the gelation time and peak temperature of MUF resins decreased. The adhesion performance of plywood showed that the one-batch MUF resin adhesive with 50% melamine content only satisfied the standard requirement of water resistance. Thus, the one-batch MUF resin adhesive with 50% melamine content was applied for bonding wood lamina from four softwood species such as Japanese larch, Korean red pine, Korean pine and Japanese cedar to manufacture Glulam under HF heating. All Glulam samples bonded with the one-batch MUF resin adhesives with 50% melamine content except those from Korean Red Pine satisfied the requirement in water soaking or boiling water delamination test as an exterior grade Glulam. The presence of rosin in Korean Red Pine was believed to be responsible for its poor adhesion. These results showed that the one-batch MUF resin adhesives with 50% melamine content provided acceptable water resistance with exterior grade Glulam manufactured under HF heating.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

유리섬유강화플라스틱(GFRP : Glass fiber reinforced plastic) 보강 집성재를 제작한 후 유리섬유강화플라스틱의 체적비에 따른 휨강도 성능을 평가하였다. 집성재 제작에는 평균함수율 8%, 비중 0.54의 국산 낙엽송(Larix kaempferi Carr.) 제재판($2cm(h){\times}10cm(b){\times}360cm(l)$)을 7층으로 적층하여 집성재($10cm(b){\times}14cm(h){\times}180cm(l)$)를 제작하였다. 유리섬유강화플라스틱은 인장응력을 받는 하층의 최외각층과 윗층 사이에 두께 0.1 cm (체적비 0.7%)와 0.3 cm (체적비 2.1%)로 보강하였다. 유리섬유강화플라스틱을 체적비 0.7% 보강한 집성재의 경우 Control 집성재보다 휨강도가 12% 정도 증가하였으며 체적비 2.1%를 보강한 집성재의 경우 휨강도가 28% 정도 증가하였다. 또한, 유리섬유강화플라스틱 보강층이 파단의 진행을 억제하였으며 파괴되지 않은 부분은 약 90%의 휨강도를 유지하고 있었다. 접착성능 평가 결과 블록 전단 강도는 KS F3021의 합격기준 $7.1N/mm^2$를 만족하였으며 침지박리시험과 삶음박리시험 결과 박리율 5% 이하로 접착성능도 양호하였다.