• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.306-314
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• 2021

The application of organic fertilizer could be accompanied by potential hazards to soil and humans due to trace metals. Livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer is a well-established approach for the stabilization of nutrients and the reduction of pathogens and odors in manures, which can be evaluated as compost·liquefied. In this study, the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizers produced at 333 liquid manure public resource centers and liquid fertilizer distribution centers were collected from May to December 2019. The nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), physicochemical properties, and heavy metal content were investigated. The livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer was measured using a mechanical maturity measurement device. The organic matter, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, E. coli (O157:H7), Salmonella, etc. of the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizers were analyzed. The average heavy metal content in the livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer was as follows: Cr 2.9 mg/kg (0.2~8.7 mg/kg), Cu 20.4 mg/kg (1.6~74.1 mg/kg), Ni 1.3 mg/kg (0.4~4.2 mg/kg), and Zn 79.8 mg/kg (3.0~340.7 mg/kg). Although large-scale organic fertilizer plants and resources recycling centers produce good organic (liquid) fertilizers with proper components, it is necessary to standardize livestock manure compost·liquefied fertilizer in order to facilitate efforts to turn livestock manure into useful resources.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.296-305
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• 2018

Maturity and spawning of the pointhead flounder, Hippoglossoides pinetorum were investigated on the basis of samples collected in the coastal waters off Gangwon-do, East Sea from January 2012 to December 2013. The average total length of H. pinetorum was 25.0 cm and 21.9 cm for females and males, respectively. The spawning period was from May to July according to monthly changes gonadosomatic index (GSI) and maturity stages. The spawning period in Gangwon-do was delayed relatively to that in Gyeongbuk-do. The mature egg diameter ranged between $300-700{\mu}m$. The relationship between TL and fecundity (F) was F = 63.574 TL - 1471.3 ($R^2=0.7603$), that is, the larger total length, the more fecundity H. pinetorum had. We estimated that the TLs at 50% group maturity were 25.6 cm for females and 19.9 cm for males. The spawning ecology by sea area should be considered efficient resource management for H. pinetorum. Furthermore, it is necessary to study more on the relationships among growth, maturity and water temperature variations in the East Sea.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2023

This study was conducted to understand the seasonal patterns and variation of the copepod community in the Anma Islands of Yeonggwang, Yellow Sea, with a focus on seasonal surveys to assess the factors affecting their occurrence. Throughout the survey period, Acartia hongi, Paracalanus parvus s. l., and Ditrichocorycaeus affinis were dominant species, while Acartia ohtsukai, Acartia pacifica, Bestiolina coreana, Centropages abdominalis, Labidocera rotunda, Paracalanus sp., Tortanus derjugini, Tortanus forcipatus occurred differently by season and station. As a results of cluster analysis, the copepod communities were distinguished into three distinct groups: spring-winter, summer, and autumn. The results of this study showed that the occurrence patterns of copepod species can vary depending on environmental conditions (topographic, distance from the inshore, etc.), and their spatial occurrence patterns between seasons were controlled by water temperature and prey conditions. One of the physical mechanisms that can affect the distribution of zooplankton in the Yellow Sea is the behavior of the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW), which shows remarkable seasonal fluctuations. More detailed further studies are needed for clear grounds for mainly why to many Calanus sinicus in the central region of the Yellow Sea are seasonally moving to the inshore, what strategies to seasonally maintain the population, and support the possibilities of complex factors.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2024

This study investigated the chemical properties of Organic Soil Amendments (OSAs) made from organic waste. It also assessed the effectiveness of using these OSAs in the soil layer of Green Infrastructure (GI) to reduce stormwater runoff and non-point source pollutants. The goal was to improve the national environmental value through resource recycling and contribute to the circular economy transformation and carbon neutrality of urban GI. The OSAs used in this study consisted of spent coffee grounds and food waste compost. They were found to be nutrient-rich and stable as artificial soils, indicating their potential use in the soil layer of GI facilities. Applying OSAs to bio-retention cells and permeable pavement resulted in a reduction of approximately 11-17% in stormwater runoff and a decrease of about 16-18% in Total Phosphorus (TP) discharge in the target area. Increasing the proportion of food waste compost in the OSAs had a positive impact on reducing stormwater runoff and pollutant emissions. This study highlights the importance of utilizing recycled resources and can serve as a foundation for future research, such as establishing parameters for assessing the effectiveness of GI facilities through experiments. To enable more accurate analysis, it is recommended to conduct studies that consider both the chemical and biological aspects of substance transfer in OSAs.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2008

본 연구는 level I fugacity model을 이용하여 유류오염 토양에서 많이 존재하며 생태적 위해성이 큰 다섯가지 유기성오염물질 (anthracene, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene, 1-methylphenanthrene, phenanthrene) 이 기상, 액상, 고상 및 비수용성액체(NAPL)의 네 가지 상(phase)으로 구성된 biopile 내에서 어떻게 분포 하는가를 예측하기 위하여 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 영국 내에서 장기간 유류로 오염된 세 지역으로부터 토양 시료를 채취, 분석하였고 토양 분석 결과와 관련 인자를 level I fugacity model에 입력하여 fugacity 및 오염물질의 토양 중 분포를 구하였다. 다섯 오염물질의 fugacity 간에는 큰 차이가 있었으나 동일 오염물 질은 시료 간 fugacity에서 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 모든 오염물질은 NAPL과 고상에 주로 존재하였으며 토양시료간의 유기탄소함량 차이가 오염물질 의 분배 동태에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. benzene은 기상과 액상에 높은 농도로 존재함으로써 위해성에 근거한 기상과 액상 중 benzene 관리의 중요성을 나타내었다. 반면 다른 오염물질은 기상과 액상에 거의 존재하지않음을 보임으로써 지하수 오염 가능성을 현저하게 감소시켰다. 본 연구의 결과는 위해성이 큰 오염물질과 복원 처리를 토양 내 오염물질 잔류 농도 간에 관련이있음을 보였으며 또한 유류오염 토양의 위해성 평가과정에서 NAPL과 고상을 고려하는 일의 중요성도 나타내었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2023

강우 데이터는 습지관리, 수문모의, 수자원 관리와 같은 다양한 분야에서 활용되는 필수 입력자료 중 하나이다. 강우 데이터를 활용하여 효율적인 수자원관리를 위해서는 기본적으로 데이터의 결측률을 최소화 시킴으로써 최대한 많은 데이터를 확보하는 것이 필수적이다. 또한 미계측 지역에 대한 강우 데이터를 확보한다면 보다 효율적인 수문모의가 가능하다. 그러나 결측 강우 데이터는 주로 통계학적 기법에 의해 추정되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 데이터 간의 상관관계를 기반으로 새로운 데이터를 예측할 수 있는 머신러닝 알고리즘을 활용하여 결측 강우 데이터를 복원할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 또한, 기존의 통계적 방법들과 비교하여 머신러닝 기법의 결측 강우 데이터 복원을 위한 활용가치를 평가하고자 한다. 평가를 위해 대표적인 머신러닝 알고리즘인 Artificial Neural Network (ANN)과 Random Forest (RF)을 적용하였다. 강우의 발생 유무를 분류하는 성능은 RF 알고리즘이 ANN 알고리즘보다 강우 발생유무의 분류 정확도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 분류 모형의 평가 지표인 F1-score나 Accuracy값이 RF는 0.80, 0.77인 반면에, ANN은 0.76, 0.71로 계산되었다. 또한 강우량을 추정하는 성능 역시 RF가 ANN 알고리즘보다 보다 높은 정확도를 보였다. RF과 ANN 알고리즘의 RMSE은 2.8mm/day과 2.9mm/day이고, R²값은 0.73, 0.68으로 계산되었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2019

거제도 장목항에서 분리한 Akashiwo sanguinea의 형태와 계통학적 특성을 명확히 하고, 여러 온도와 염분구배에 따른 성장조건을 파악하고자 하였다. A. sanguinea의 세포는 오각형이었고, 세포의 길이는 54.7~70.3 ㎛, 폭은 31.5~48.5 ㎛로 나타났다. 핵은 세포의 중심에 위치하였고, 엽록체는 황갈색으로 세포 전체에 퍼져있었다. 상추구는 알파벳 e 모양이었다. 계통분석 결과 장목항에서 분리한 본 배양주는 ribotype A에 포함되었다. 온도 및 염분구배에 따른 성장 실험은 5℃ 이하의 온도를 제외한 모든 온도구배에서 성장이 나타났다. 그리고, 최대성장속도는 온도 20℃, 염분 20 psu에서 0.50 day^-1로 나타났고, 최대세포밀도는 온도 25℃, 염분 30 psu에서 1,372 cells mL^-1였다. 이 결과는 A. sanguinea가 가을철에 한국 연안에서 최대 증식을 보일 수 있다는 것을 나타낸다.

• 지구물리
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2006

최근 급격한 인구증가와 산업화, 도시화로 포장지역의 증가에 따른 불투수지역의 증가로 유역의 유출 특성의 변화를 유발시키고 있다. 도시화 유역의 효율적인 관리를 위해서는 유역에 대한 정확한 지형인자 및 수문관련 인자들이 추출되어야 함에 따라 본 연구에서는 지리정보체계와 유전자알고리즘의 결합을 통하여 입력정보의 정확성을 향상시키고, 매개변수를 추정하였다. 이러한 목적에 따라 본 연구에서는 전형적인 한국의 도시화하천으로서 본류와 상류로부터 오전천, 당정천 등의 지류를 지니고 있는 안양천을 연구대상으로 선정하여 유출량 해석에 XP-SWMM을 적용하였고, 이의 적용과정을 개선하기 위하여 지리정보체계와 유전자 알고리즘을 적용하였다. XP-SWMM 매개변수들의 민감도 분석을 통하여 도시 유출의 거동특성을 조사하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 매개변수들의 개선규칙을 설정하였고 이러한 규칙 및 사실등을 통하여 유전자 알고리즘을 구성하였다. GIS를 이용하여 지형도로부터 각각의 소유역에 대하여 면적, 경사도, 유역폭 등 수문정보를 얻었고, 토지이용도와 토양도로부터 불투수비, 토지이용상태, 침투능에 대한 정보를 얻었다. 도시유출 모형인 XP-SWMM을 선택하여 모의 후 민감도 분석을 통해 선정된 매개변수에 대하여 보정은 자동보정으로 무작위 탐색법의 일종인 유전자알고리즘(Genetic Algorithm, GA)을 사용하여 매개변수들을 추정하였고, 이의 적용성을 확인하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2010

Contamination of groundwater from point and non-point sources is one of major problems of water resource manangement in Jeju island. This study characterized groundwater and soil contamination in Hallim area which is one of the areas of significantly contaminated soil and groundwater in Jeju Island. The amount of loaded contaminant (ALC) of Jeju area was estimated as 13,212 ton N/yr and 3,210 ton P/yr, The ALC of Hallim area was amounted to 2,895 ton N/yr and 1,102 ton P/yr, which accounted for 21.9% and 34.3% of the Jeju's ALC, respectively. The soil pH values (5.6-5.9) were not much different in land use areas. By contrat, average cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 14.1 $cmol^+/kg$ was high comparing to the nationwide range of 7.7-10.9 $cmol^+/kg$. Further, Sodium adsorption ratios (SARs) of horse ranch, pasture, and cultivating land for livestock were as high as 0.19, 0.17, and 0.16 respectively, comparing to the other landuse areas. Nitrate nitrogen at 22.2% of total groundwater wells exceeded 10 mg/L (the criteria of nitrate nitrogen for drinking water), averaginged 6.62 mg/L with maximum 28.95 mg/L. Groundwater types belonged to Mg-$HCO_3$, Na-$HCO_3$, Ca-$HCO_3$, and Na-Cl, among which Mg-$HCO_3$ type occupied more than 70% of the total samples, indicating the presence of anthropogenic sources. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen was negatively related to altitude and well depth, and positively related to the concentration of Ca, Mg, and $SO_4$ which might originate from chemical fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen isotopes was estimated as an average of 8.10$^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$, and the maximum value of 17.9$^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$. According to the nitrogen isotope ratio, the most important nitrogen source was assessed as chemical fertilizer (52.6%) followed by sewage (26.3%) and livestock manures (21.1%).

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2005

Family has emerged as a key concept for health, and it has been identified as one of the most important conditions. The relationship between health habit and its management is different depending on family. The odd pair family, mostly rural lower income class, worry to have poor health because of no spouse and small family size. One thousand eight hundred and seventy(1870) subjects were collected in 9 provinces through the sampling of Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). Questionnaire method was conducted on health checking, bath states, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and the prevalence of farmer's health related problems. The main results were as follows: 1) The characteristics of odd pair families are that the head of household is female(77% ), the size of family is small(1.76 persons), the education level is low(7.5 years for male, 3.1 years for female) and the age group is old (male: 89.78 year old, female: 73.69 year old). 2) For the odd pair family, the frequency of health checking is quite low with one or two times per year(l0.2%) and the rate of no-health checking is much higher(35.8%) .3) Bathing utility is not available 29.6% of the odd pair family and only cold water is supplied at home for the 11.5 % of them. However, for the paired family, 9.8 % of them has no bathing utility and the rate of the family supplied with only cold water is just 7.9%. 4) The bathing frequency score of odd pair family is l.74points for male and 1.25 points for female. 5) The rate of smoking habits for odd pair family is 68.5 % and specially it is 7.6% for female, which is higher comparing with that of pair family. 6) The smoking frequency score of odd pair family is 1.57 points. 7) Alcohol drinking frequency score of odd pair family is 1.79 points for male, and 3.24points for female. 8) Farmers' syndrome(FS) revealed 38.7% of odd pair family and it is lower than that of pair family(57.3%). Special pain of FS was huckle bone and muscle(28.4%) and articular pain(24.l %). The pain rate of huckle bone and muscle(43.l %) and articular pain(33.5%) were higher in a year in odd pair family were lower than those of pair family: farming machine caused accidents(6.5%) and pesticide poisoning(5.7%). l0) The odd pair family use more frequently medical clinic or public health center for the treatment of FS(74.7%) and pesticide poisoning(62.5%) than the pair family for FS(69.0%) and for pesticide poisoning(.53.6%). The score of FS treatment is 5.70 points for odd pair family and it is not significantly different from 5.62 points of the paired family. The result of pesticide poisoning treatment score is as same as that of FS.