• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.695-703
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• 2008

China water market has huge potential for increased use of BOT mode and one of the most attractive markets of doing business. However, the current China water BOT market shows that many foreign companies are retreating from the market while Chinese water companies fast growing. From the view no domestic companies have track records in China BOT water market, the research identified twenty market access barriers in terms of construction laws, regulations, BOT-related policy and the recent market situation. These are evaluated based on interview results with 10 professionals direct or indirect having a China water BOT experience. All the factors are found to be highly influential to foreign company's decision on the market participation. Among those, no fixed return policy and low water price, difficulty in water price adjustment and approval, and no government guarantees, all directly related to the project viability and under the control of government, were the most critical factors, implying government's role is the key in increasing the market competition by attracting more foreign participation on the market. In addition, new construction law regulating foreign EPC contractor's construction work, namely Decree 113, and requirement of applying competitive bidding in selecting EPC contractor in a BOT project are also considered signigicant barriers on foreign participation, which contradicts international norm and therefore necessitates an adjustment on current decision process in domestic companies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.652-656
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• 2007

The major streams in South Korea have established the TMDL(Total Maximum Daily Loads) regulation for just 4 years. Traditional concepts in water quality management in South Korea are based upon the selection of a design streram flow which is 10-year averged flow exeedance probability 75%(Q275). That is, a single flow value based upon average long term flow conditions is chosen for application in dilution calculations, permit design, water quality modeling, etc. While these TMDLs seems to satisfy the requirement of the target water quality regulations, they have contributed little to any watershed/waterbody assessment and restoration plans. These types of TMDLs do little to characterize the problems the TMDLs are intended to address. For TMDLs to be more beneficial in the assessment and implementation process, TMDLs should reflect adequate water quality across flow conditions rather than at a single flow value such as average daily flow. In this paper, we developed LDC (load duration curve) methodology for theevaluation of Korean TMDL evaluation based on watershed scaled, physically based on SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2009

Most urban water management systems are becoming vulnerable to flooding and drought due to the climate change (CC), urbanization and energy shortage. Despite of poor water management circumstances caused by extremely uneven annual rainfall and hilly terrain, traditionally we have made a sound and sustainable life based on our own philosophy and technologies which copes with our rigid environment. In this study a new paradigm of rainwater management is suggested and multipurpose and creative rainwater harvesting and management (RWHM) systems are introduced providing several case studies such as rainfall storage drainage (RSD) system, rainwater infiltration facilities and star city RWHM system. This new RWHM paradigm leads Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) in the Republic of Korea to change regulations and politics for the integrated RWHM. Finally, RWHM is expected to improve the safety, efficiency, energy consumption of urban water infrastructure, to reduce urban heat island phenomenon and, furthermore, to contribute in finding solutions for worldwide water issues and to adapt CC.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.155-155
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• 2022

Low head, ogee spillways is popularly used to defense against floods as well as to provide water for irrigation. Spillway is also used to assess compliance with water quality regulations by controlling amount of discharge to the downstream of a channel. For the purpose of water resource management and/or environmental aspects as explained above, the flow discharge through spillways need to be correctly rated as a function of geometry and hydraulic variables. Typically, four flow conditions are encountered during the operation of spillway: (a) uncontrolled free flow (UF); (b) uncontrolled submerged flow (US); controlled free flow (CF); and controlled submerged flow (CS), and each condition has a unique rating equation. However, one of the tricky part of the spillway operation is finding correct flow type over the spillway because structures can operate under both submerged and free flow conditions, and the types are continuously changing over time depending on the amount of discharge, head water and tail water elevation. Quite obviously, if the wrong rating curve relationship is applied because of misjudgment of the flow type due to a transition, a serious error can occur. Thus, an hydraulic model study of one of spillway structure located in South Florida was conducted for the purpose of developing transition relationships. In this presentation, US to UF transition is highlighted.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.315-320
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• 2013

According to climate change, deficiency of usable land, large water portion of the Earth surface, and improvement of income level, floating architecture is emerging as a strong & attractive alternative. The aim of this study is to suggest some related applying ways for new building projects around waterside. New paradigm of architecture can be described as a new model and/or system of architecture with new concept and Zeitgeist like sustainability and green building. Floating building is already a new paradigm of architecture comparing with the preconception of building only on the land and current building regulations. New paradigm features from the sample projects can be summarized as new concepts of building, application of various renewable energy resources(water, solar, wind), modular construction, use of local raw material, dual purpose usage, long term and relocatable usage, and special building materials for green building.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2017

Rice Fields have provided large areas of open water for centuries in regions with a variety of rice-growing cultures, and, in addition to producing rice also provide other animal and/or plant food sources and medicinal plants, thus acting as wetland systems and helping to sustain livelihoods and human well-being in these regions. Also rice fields in many parts of the world support important wetland biodiversity, such as reptiles, amphibians, fish, crustacean, insects and mollusca, and play a significant ole in water-bird flyways and the conservation of water-bird populations. The purpose of this study is to find a way conservation of rice fields in connection with paddies's laws, for example, amend the Conservation of Wetlands Law or legislate for the conservation of paddies.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.297-302
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• 2016

Water-based systems are dominating the coating market because of worldwide VOCs regulations. Research is focusing especially on waterborne polyurethane (WPU) because of its unique mechanical and chemical properties. However, commercial WPU consists of linear thermoplastic polymers with polar groups on the main chain, which do not perform as well as solvent-borne PU in a two-pack system. In this study, APTES were used as a chain crosslink agent to overcome commercial WPU's limited performance. WPUs synthesized by using a sol-gel process were evaluated with FT-IR, particle analysis, TGA, tensile tests, pull-off tests, SEM, and EIS. The results showed that WPUs with added APTES had better thermal stability, mechanical properties, and water resistance than did WPUs without added APTES. Consequently, the sol-gel process increased the crosslink density of WPUs and modified the WPU's own properties.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.24-30
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• 2010

Papermaking technology has drastically improved over the last 20 years to face new challenges. Because environmental regulations have become increasingly strict, papermaking systems have had to accommodate elevated recycled pulp content and an increased use of recycled process water. Process water in papermaking systems has become more dirtier and reduced polymer efficiency. Amphoteric PAM demonstrated a higher degree of stability in a high conductivity environment compared to cationic PAM. This was illustrated by the improved retention performance, particularly the ash retention. This amphoteric polymer can be used for board or newsprint production using recycled pulp, especially for the systems where polymer dissolving water is high in conductivity and degradation of cationic functional groups of cationic PAM can occur.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 2009

Pulp and paper industry is a typical plant industry which usually consume lots of water and energy. Recently, environmental issues have become more important due to climate changes around the world, and reinforcement in the regulatory content in transfer and management of chemical material and that in environmental regulations for waste water and air. Paper industry is a source material recycle industry which recycle or reuse waste paper, recyclable wood, planned plantation or lumber from thinning and waste wood. Hence it can be said that paper industry is the representative industry for earth environment and of 21th century.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.337-342
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• 2022

In metal cutting, water-soluble cutting oil is used for cooling the surface of the workpiece and improving the surface roughness. However, waste cutting oil contains preservatives and surfactants, and if it is discarded as it is, it has an great influence on environmental pollution. For this reason, regulations on the use of cutting oil are being stricter. Hence, the development of eco-friendly treatment technologies is required. In this study, a diamond electrode doped with boron on a niobium substrate was deposited by thermal filament chemical vapor deposition and waste cutting oil was treated using an electrochemical method. Compared to the total amount of organic carbon contained in the waste cutting oil, it was confirmed that the boron-doped diamonds developed from this study showed much better performance than electrodes that has been widely used before.