• 생태와환경
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 사람의 건강 보호를 위한 수질환경기준 항목 확대를 위해 20개 수질유해화학물질을 대상으로 US EPA의 발암 비발암 영향 수식을 국내 실정에 맞게 수정 및 보완하여 인체 위해성 평가를 수행하였다. 또한 인체 위해성 평가를 기반으로 선정된 우선순위 물질에 대해 기술적 경제적 영향 분석을 통해 행정적 목표로서의 적용 타당성을 판별하였다. 그리하여 20개 우선순위 물질 중 diethylhexylphthalate가 위해 우려가 가장 높은 물질로 평가되었고, 항목별 수질환경기준으로 활용 가능한 기준치(안)은 단계적 강화 측면에서 대체로 먹는물 기준 수준으로 제시되었다. 본 연구에서 활용된 인체 위해성 평가와 수질환경기준(안)제시 방안은 현 단계에서 적용 가능한 방법으로, 향후 보다 합리적인 기준 설정을 위해 수정 및 보완될 필요가 있다. 즉 담수어류 섭취량 자료 확보, 수질 모니터링 자료 축적, 먹는 물 기준 이하로의 수질환경기준치 설정 가능 기반 확립 등의 측면을 보강한다면 향후 국내 수질환경기준 항목 확대에 과학적 근거를 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권4C호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 비젼 카메라와 다중 객체 추적 방법을 이용한 실시간 수질 감시 시스템을 제안하였다. 제안된 시스템은 기존의 센서 방식의 감시 시스템과 달리 비젼 카메라를 이용해 객체를 개별적으로 분석한다. 비젼 카메라를 이용한 시스템은 영상에서 개별 객체를 분리해 내는 방법과, 연속하는 두 프레임간의 상관관계에 의해서 다수의 객체를 추적하는 방법으로 구성된다. 실시간 처리를 위해 비모수 예측을 사용하여 배경 영상을 생성하고 이를 이용해 객체를 추출한다. 비모수 예측을 이용하면 연산량을 줄이는 동시에 비교적 정확하게 객체를 추출 할 수 있다. 다중 객체 추적 방법은 개별 객체가 움직이는 방향, 속도 및 가속도를 이용해 다음 움직임을 예측하고 이를 기반으로 추적을 수행하였다. 또한 추적 성공률을 향상시키기 위해 예외처리 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 다양한 환경에서 실험한 결과 제안한 시스템은 처리 시간이 짧고 정확하게 다중 객체를 추적할 수 있어 실시간 수질 감시 시스템에 사용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.632-641
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• 2018

Algal dynamics is controlled by multiple environmental factors such as flow dynamics, water temperature, trophic level, and irradiance. Underwater irradiance penetrating from the atmosphere is exponentially decreased in water column due to absorption and scattering by water molecule and suspended particles including phytoplankton. As the exponential decrease in underwater irradiance affects algal photosynthesis, regulating their spatial distribution, it is critical to understand the light extinction characteristics to find out the mechanisms of algal dynamics more systematically. Despite the significance, the recent data have been rarely reported in the main stream areas of large rivers, Korea. In this study, the euphotic depths and light extinction coefficients were determined by monitoring the vertical variation of underwater irradiance and water quality in the main channel of Nakdong River near Dodong Seowon once a week during summer of 2016. The average values of euphotic depth and light extinction coefficient were 4.0 m and $1.3m^{-1}$, respectively. The degree of light extinction increased in turbid water due to flooding, causing an approximate 50 % decrease in euphotic depth. Also, the impact was greater than the self-shading effect during the periods of cyanobacterial bloom. The individual light extinction coefficients for background, total suspended solid and algal levels, frequently used in surface water quality modeling, were determined as $0.305m^{-1}$, $0.090m^{-1}/mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $0.013m^{-1}/{\mu}g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively. The values estimated in this study were within or close to the ranges reported in literatures.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2014

The objectives of this study were to monitor and analyse water quality and soil property in paddy fields where untreated wastewater is irrigated. Three paddy fields where streamflow mixed with untreated wastewater has been irrigated (untreated wastewater district, UWD) were selected for monitoring, and five paddy fields in Yongin area (Yongin district, YID) where water from Idong agricultural reservoir (well-managed) has been irrigated were selected for comparative evaluation. Electronic conductivity (EC), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (T-N), total phosphorous (T-P), $NO_3-N$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and E. coli of the irrigation water in the UWD were significantly higher than those in the YID. Relatively high concentrations of EC, T-N, T-P, TC, FC, E. coli, copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and aluminium (Al) were shown in the irrigation water of the UWD especially during May to June. In general, the paddy soil in the UWD contained more Pb, Zn, and Cu than in the YID although the soil heavy metal contents in the UWD still meet the Korean soil contamination warning standards. No temporal trends in the heavy metal concentrations were found in paddy soils of the UWD. This study showed that the use of untreated wastewater to paddy fields has the possibility of negative impacts on water quality and soil, although long-term monitoring is needed to fully evaluate its effects.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.549-563
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• 2005

The study was carried out to develop and standardize the analytical method of 1,4-dioxane in water. The National Institute of Environmental Research in Korea has monitored for 1,4-dioxane in water since 1998 and it has been detected in environmental water occasionally. But the environmental pollution and analytical method in water is not well known over the world. The trace analytical method at low-${\mu}/L$ level is prerequisite in order to evaluate the residue of 1,4-dioxane in water. Evaluation of the method was demonstrated by comparing and analyzing with liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and purge & trap technique. As a result of experiment by standard solutions and raw samples, the precision and accuracy for three methods were obtained within error rate of about 10%. Therefore, three methods were standardized as official monitoring method in Korea. Also, a convenient and simple liquid-liquid extraction method for the analysis of 1,4-dioxane in water was developed by combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and applied to the water samples in Korea

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1184-1188
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• 2005

The impacts of turbidity flow induced by summer rainfall events on water supply, aquatic ecosystems, and socioeconomics are significant and major concerns in most of reservoirs operations. As a decision support tool, the real-time turbidity flow monitoring and modeling system RTMMS is under development using a laterally integrated two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic and water quality model. The objectives of this paper is to present the preliminary field observation results on the characteristics of rainfall-induced turbidity flows and their density flow regimes, and the model performance in replicating the fate and transport of turbidity plume in a reservoir. The rainfall-induced turbidity flows caused significant drop of river water temperature by 5 to $10^{\circ}C$ and resulted in density differences of 1.2 to $2.6kg/m^3$ between inflow water and ambient reservoir water, which consequently led development of density flows such as plunge flow and interflow in the reservoir. The 2D model was set up for the reservoir. and applied to simulate the temperature stratification, density flow regimes, and temporal and spatial turbidity distributions during flood season of 2004 After intensive refinements on grid resolutions , the model showed efficient and satisfactory performance in simulating the observed reservoir thermal stratification and turbidity profiles that all are essentially required to enhance the performance of RTMMS.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2003

Nonpoint source pollutant loading from watershed may cause a problem to the water quality of the reservoir and stream. The characteristics of stream flow and water quality were monitored to investigate the runoff loading of the Namdae-cheon watershed from May in 1999 to October in 2003. Stage-discharge rating curve at the stream gauging site was established, and annual stream runoff of the study watershed was estimated as 499.4∼1,330.8mm during four years. The concentrations of total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus of stream water quality ranged from 0.76 to 6.95mg/L and from 0.0010 to 0.2276 mg/L, respectively, where T-N was generally higher than the water quality standard 1.0 mg/L for agricultural water use. The loads by unit generation of pollutant mass with respect to population, livestock, land use in this watershed were calculated. The runoff pollutant loadings by concentrations of total-N and total-P were estimated during study period, where the annual runoff loading of total-P was much less than the load by pollutant mass unit generation. The relations between stream discharge and water quality were analysed, and there was a high correlation for total-N but low for total-P. These results will be used to develop the monitoring techniques and water quality management system of agricultural watershed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2022

To maintain water quality after water treatment, monitoring whether the quality of treated tap water quality changes is essential. However, current investigations are insufficient to prevent secondary contamination in drinking water supply systems. This study investigated Gyeonggi's e apartment where a red water problem occurred and monitored the water quality and corrosiveness of the overall water supply system to the apartment from June 2021 to April 2022. In a comparison of drinking water quality after water treatment and the influent of the reservoir, turbidity and heavy metal concentrations were increased and residual chlorine was decreased due to increases in temperature. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that a low level of residual chlorine may cause the abscission of Mn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ through microorganism activation, which also causes a high level of turbidity. The corrosion index (LI) in the influent of the reservoir tank was increased due to Ca²⁺ and temperature. These results indicate that the corrosiveness of drinking water and the deterioration of drinking water quality were mainly increased between the drinking water treatment plant and the reservoir tank's influent. The findings provide clear evidence that it is essential to manage water supply systems and reservoir tanks to prevent the secondary contamination of drinking water.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.524-537
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• 2017

사후환경영향조사 결과의 신뢰도 제고에 대한 문제가 대두되어 왔으나 조사결과에 대한 객관적인 검증을 수행한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 개발 사업에 의한 수질영향을 조사하였고 그 결과를 바탕으로 사후환경영향조사 시 수질분야에 결과와 비교 분석을 수행하였다. 토석채취사업장 내 오수처리시설 최종방류수에 Biochemical oxygen demand(BOD), Suspended solid(SS), Total nitrogen(T-N), Total phosphorus(T-P) 농도가 높게 나타났다. 사후환경영향조사 결과와 비교한 결과, 오수처리시설 최종방류수의 BOD, SS, T-N, T-P 농도가 사후환경영향조사 시 분기별 농도의 사분범위(Interquartile range, IQR)와 최소값과 최대값의 농도범위보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 체육시설(훈련원) 조성사업의 경우에는 오수처리시설 최종방류수에 BOD, SS, T-N, T-P가 높은 농도로 검출되었고 BOD와 SS 농도는 협의기준을 초과하였다. BOD와 SS 농도는 사후환경영향조사 시 오수처리시설 최종방류수의 농도와 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 이러한 연구결과, 개발 사업 시 오수처리시설 최종방류수에 대한 체계적인 수질 모니터링과 적절한 수질관리가 수행되어야 할 것이다. 또한 사후환경영향조사결과의 신뢰도 제고를 위한 방안이 모색되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2013

The particle counter compared with the turbidimeter provides good precision and sensitivity and can get the characteristics of particulates effectively. The purpose of this study is to provide the application of particle counter in sand and activated carbon filters. The particle count by size could be more easily sense when the water quality is changed by the influent of high turbidity or algae. We could decide the optimal backwashing cycles and detect the efficiencies of filters by monitoring the total particle count of effluent in sand and activated carbon filters.