• 공업화학
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2024

Lipid-extracted algae (LEA) cell residue is generated as an organic solid waste in the process of biodiesel production from microalgae, and its recycling or reuse is important in the aspect of waste minimization. In this study, the influence of the addition of LEA hydrolysate to Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) cultivation on cell growth and biodiesel production was investigated to seek a possible use of LEA as a carbon source. LEA was hydrolyzed by three different methods: acid hydrolysis, autoclave, and ultra-sonication. The resulting hydrolysates were supplemented with three background media: formulated defined medium (BG-11), organic liquid fertilizer (PAL1), and distilled water. Both cell growth and lipid production of C. vulgaris were improved under mixotrophic cultivation. By supplementing hydrolysates, biomass productivity was increased several folds because the LEA hydrolysates contained monosaccharides such as glucose and galactose. Lipid contents and biodiesel productivity were bestly increased in PAL1 medium supplemented with ultrasonication (UL) hydrolysate, from 11 to 25% after 14 days, while nitrate concentration was quickly reduced from 55 to below 10 mg/L. The suggested recycling option of the LEA to microalgae cultivation was helpful to improve biodiesel productivity as well as to reduce organic waste generation.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 1996

Alkaline water electrolysis has been commercialized as the only large-scale method for a long time to produce hydrogen and the technology is superior to other methods such as photochemical, thermochemical water splitting, and thermal decomposition method in view of efficiency and related technical problem. However, such conventional electrolyzer do not have high electric efficiency and productivity to apply to large scale hydrogen production for energy or chemical feedstocks. Solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis using a perfluorocation exchange membrane as an $H^+$ ion conductor is considered to be a promising method, because of capability for operating at high current densities and low cell voltages. So, this is a good technology for the storage of electricity generated by photovoltaic power plants, wind generators and other energy conversion systems. One of the most important R&D topics in electrolyser is how to minimize cell voltage and maximize current density in order to increase the productivity of the electrolyzer. A commercialized technology is the hot press method which the film type electrocatalyst is hot-pressed to soild polymer membrane in order to eliminate the contact resistance. Various technologies, electrocatalyst formed over Nafion membrane surface by means of nonelectrolytic plating process, porous sintered metal(titanium powder) or titanium mesh coated with electrocatalyst, have been studied for preparation of membrane-electrocatalyst composites. In this study some experiments have been conducted at a solid polymer electrolyte water electrolyzer, which consisted of single cell stack with an electrode area of $25cm^2$ in a unipolar arrangement using titanium mesh coated with electrocatalyst.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.290-299
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• 2016

The most powerful energy resource in nature is solar energy which becomes directly converted to electric power in worldwide. Most of the photovoltaic power plants are commonly installed on sunny side of the ground. Thus the installation of photovoltaic power plant could produce an unexpected adverse effect by sacrificing the productivity from green field or forest. To avoid these adverse effect floating photovoltaic plant has been devised and installed on inland reservoir. The photovoltaic plant could utilize ignored water surface without sacrificing the productivity of the ground. Additionally the photovoltaic efficiency has been reenforced by the cooling effect induced by the circulating air flow from water surface. The floating photovoltaic plant could be furnished solar tracking ability by tilting the system operated with the aid of the ballast system. This report is provided to introduce the design of the floating structure with solar panel which furnished solar tracking ability with the aid of ballast system.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2015

The objectives of this study are to analyze the quantitative ecological principal components of Korean Peninsula using the multivariate spatial environmental datasets and to compare the ecological difference between South and North Korea. Ecological maps with GIS(Geographical Information System) are constructed by PCA(Principal Component Analysis) based on seventeen raster(cell based) variables at 1km resolution. Ecological differences between South and North Korea are extracted by Factor Analysis using ecosystem maps masked from Korean ones. Spatial data include SRTM(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), Temperature, Precipitation, SWC(Soil Water Content), fPAR(Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) representing for a productivity, and SR(Solar Radiation), which all cover Korean peninsula. When it performed PCA, the first three scores were assigned to red, green, and blue color. This color triplet indicates the relative mixture of the seventeen environmental conditions inside each ecological region. The first red one represents for 'physiographic conditions' worked by high elevation and solar radiation and low temperature. The second green one stands for 'seasonality' caused by seasonal variations of temperature, precipitation, and productivity. The third blue one means 'wetness condition' worked by high value such as precipitation and soil water contents. FA extraction shows that South Korea has relatively warm and humid ecosystem affected by high temperature, precipitation, and soil water contents whereas North Korea has relatively cold and dry ecosystem due to the high elevation, low temperature and precipitation. Results would be useful at environmental planning on inaccessible land of North Korea.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.674-683
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• 2017

The frequency and intensity of soil moisture stress associated with climate change has increasing, and the stability of field crop cultivation has decreasing. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil moisture management method on growth and yield of corn. Soil moisture was managed at the grade of WSM (wet soil moisture, 34.0~42.9%), OSM (optimum soil moisture, 27.8~34.0%), DSM (dry soil moisture, 20.3~27.8%), and ESM (extreme dry moisture, 16.6~20.3%) during V8 (8th leaf stage)-VT (tasseling stage). After VT, irrigation was limited. The treated amount of irrigation was 54.1, 47.7, 44.0 and 34.5% of total water requirement, respectively. The potential evapotranspiration during the growing period was $3.29mm\;day^{-1}$, and upward movement of soil water was estimated by the AFKAE 0.5 model in the order of ESM, DSM, OSM, and WSM. We could confirm this phenomenon from actual observations. There was no significant difference in leaf characteristics, dry matter, and primary productivity depending on the level of soil moisture, but leaf development was delayed and dry weight decreased in DSM. However, dry weight and individual productivity of DSM increased after irrigation withdrawal compared to that of OSM. In DSM, ear yield and number of kernels per ear decreased, but water use efficiency and harvest index were higher than other treatments. Therefore, it is considered that the soil moisture is concentratedly managed before the V8 period, the V8-VT period is controlled within the range of 100 to 500 kPa (20.3~27.8%), and no additional irrigation is required after the VT.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the germination characteristics through the temperature change treatment compared to the general room temperature immersion treatment of the native species, the Larix kaempferi, and the Berula platyphyllavar. japonica seeds, and to obtain basic data for the production of healthy seedlings with high productivity and efficiency. As a result, the germination rate of the larch seeds showed a significant difference according to room temperature and temperature immersion treatment, and the average germination days of the birch seeds showed a significant difference according to room temperature immersion and temperature immersion treatment. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in germinal uniformity. The results of the study are as follows. First, the results of the analysis of the fallen leaves were the highest germination rate in the treatment of 1.5 days of hot water and 1.5 days of cold water, the fastest germination rate, the lowest average germination day, and the highest germination uniformity. This is the best result in most items, and the change temperature immersion treatment of hot and cold baths was superior to the conventional room temperature immersion treatment. Second, the results of birch tree showed that the germination rate was the highest in 1.5 days of hot water and 1.5 days of cold water. The average germination day is 1.5 days of cold water 1.5 days of hot water 1.5 days, but the difference between 1.5 days of hot water and 1.5 days of cold water is 0.01 days. The highest germinated uniformity was found in 1.5 days of cold water and 1.5 days of hot water. As a result, in the case of larch and birch, the seed temperature immersion (1.5 days of hot water, 1.5 days of cold water) treatment is superior to the existing three-day immersion treatment in various analysis methods, and it is expected that productivity and efficiency can be improved at a low cost in a short period of time at the seedling production site through seeds.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2018

기후스마트농업(Climate-Smart Agriculture, CSA)이 성취되고 있는지에 대한 정량적인 평가방법을 구축하기 위해 타워 기반의 플럭스 관측 시계열 자료를 활용할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 벼농사가 지배적인 전형적인 비균질 농경지를 대상으로 CSA의 첫 번째 목표와 관련된 생산성과 효율성 평가를 시도하였다. 이를 위해 해남 농경지에 위치한 KoFlux 사이트(HFK)에서 2003년부터 2015년까지 벼의 생장기간 동안에 관측된 탄소, 물 및 에너지 플럭스의 시계열 자료를 분석하여 일련의 정량적인 지표들을 평가하였다. 이 연구기간 동안에 HFK에서는 네 가지의 다른 품종(동진 1호; 2003-2008, 남평; 2009, 온누리; 2010-2011, 새누리; 2012-2015)의 벼가 경작되었다. 전반적으로 품종을 구분하지 않을 경우, 연구기간 동안의 HFK의 총일차생산(GPP)은 800 - 944 g C m-2, 물사용효율(WUE)은 1.91 - 2.80 g C kg H2O-1, 탄소사용효율(CUE)은 1.06 - 1.34, 그리고 광사용효율(LUE)은 0.99 - 1.55 g C MJ-1이었다. 벼 이외의 다른 식생이 포함된 HFK의 비균질성을 고려하여 어림 잡아 비교해 보면, 네 품종 중에서 동진1호를 재배했을 때에 HFK의 생산성이 아시아의 단일 벼논의 생산성과 비슷했고 WUE도 높았던 반면에 CUE는 상대적으로 낮았다. 또한, 새누리를 재배했을 때에도 HFK가 비슷하게 높은 생산성을 보였으나 동진1호보다 생장기간이 상대적으로 길었다. 따라서 동진1호가 지배적인 HFK가 CSA의 관점에서 더 좋은 특성을 보여 준다. 그러나 현실적으로는 농부들이 해충 저항성이 동진1호보다 높은 새 누리를 재배하고 있다. 이는 CSA의 나머지 두 목표의 하나인 탄력(resilience) 향상을 통한 적응력 강화와 관련된 것으로 온실가스 방출 저감을 포함한 총체적인 평가가 이루어져야 함을 시사하며, 이에 대한 평가와 분석이 현재 진행 중에 있다.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2009

90년대 이후 용수관리 정책이 공급중심에서 수요관리로 정책 전환이 되면서 공업용수 수요량이 급격히 감소하였다. 본 연구에서는 공업용수 사용의 기술적 효율성을 분석하여 이러한 공업용수 수요량 감소가 공업용수의 사용이 효율적으로 이루어진 결과인지 검토하고 향후 공업용수의 기술적 효율성 제고를 통하여 공업용수 사용량을 더 줄일 수 있는지 검토하였다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 공업용수의 기술적 효율성은 1998년도 0.5183에서 2003년도에는 0.4853으로 도리어 약간 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 다른 투입요소의 기술적 효율성에 비하여 낮은 수치로 앞으로 기술적 효율성 제고를 통하여 공업용수 사용량을 더 절감할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.883-902
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• 2023

Water is critical to the health and productivity of fruit trees. Efficient monitoring of water stress is essential for optimizing irrigation practices and ensuring sustainable fruit production. Short-range sensing can be reliable, rapid, inexpensive, and used for applications based on well-developed and validated algorithms. This paper reviews the recent advancement in fruit tree water stress detection via short-range sensing, which can be used for irrigation scheduling in orchards. Thermal imagery, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared methods are widely used for crop water stress detection. This review also presents research demonstrating the efficacy of short-range sensing in detecting water stress indicators in different fruit tree species. These indicators include changes in leaf temperature, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and canopy reflectance. Short-range sensing enables precision irrigation strategies by utilizing real-time data to customize water applications for individual fruit trees or specific orchard areas. This approach leads to benefits, such as water conservation, optimized resource utilization, and improved fruit quality and yield. Short-range sensing shows great promise for potentially changing water stress monitoring in fruit trees. It could become a useful tool for effective fruit tree water stress management through continued research and development.

• 물과 미래
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1981

암반 지하수의 개발이 현재 국내에서 활발히 진행되고 있으나, 이들 심부 지하수를 배태하고 있는 각종 암류에 대한 그 수리 지질학적인 산출상태를 규명키 위한 연구가 전무한 상태였다. 대체적으로 심부 지하수는 지하 심부에서 발원 형성된 지질학적인 일 및 이차 공극내에 저유된 것으로 그 산출상태가 가장 양호한 암류는 화산암류, 퇴적암류, 변성퇴적암 및 편암, 안산암류, 편마암류 및 화강암의 순이다. 특히 규모가 큰 단층, 파쇄대와 같은 이차 공극이 잘 발달되어 있는 저지대에서의 암반, 지하수의 산출상태는 규모가 적은 절리, 층리와 같은 일 및 이차 공극이 발달된 고지대보다 그 산출상태가 각 암류별로 310% 이상 높다. 특히 결정질암에 대한 적정정호 심도를 구해 본 결과 그 심도는 80m이였다.