• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.209-212
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• 2006

Line heating with water cooling is generally adapted process in the shipyards for the forming hull surface. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model of thermal deformation in water cooling process after the line heating. In order to simulate the cooling process, heat transfer analysis was performed by assuming the effects of water cooling as a negative heat-source. Experiment for the line heating with water cooling was performed for 9 models of plates in order to verify the cooling model. By using the suggested model for the water cooling process, it could be observed that the present method predict the plate deformations in the line heating more accurately.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.493-498
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• 2008

Particles or deposit formed by corrosion of the pipe material bring about bad influences on the heating systems with inconvenience, energy loss and so on. In order to obtain the non-corrosive environments, the circulation hot water should properly be treated in several ways to satisfy one or more conditions of the followings: suitable pH-level, low hardness, low oxygen content, low conductivity, low level of chlorides and sulphur compounds and low level of solid particles. This experimental study was carried out to develope the new guidelines on the optimal water quality and directions for water quality management in heating systems. As results, it was recommended that the heating water be maintained pH-level not less than 8, hardness contents as $CaCO_3$ no more than 50 mg/L, turbidity no more than 10 NTU and T-Fe contents 1 mg/L below.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.180-184
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• 2013

Purpose: This study explored the factors influencing heating value in the process of torrefaction of water hyacinth. Methods: Torrefaction was applied with three temperature settings (200, 300, $400^{\circ}C$) and three time settings (1, 2, 3 h) using small electric heaters (11.3L of holding volume). This study investigated the heating values with the washing process and process factors influenced the torrefaction. In addition, this study compared the heating values in washed and unwashed samples and suggested the optimal conditions for increasing heating value. Results: Torrefaction increased the heating value by 8.18 ~ 30.04%. Comparing heating values of each condition, the optimal temperature for torrefaction was $300^{\circ}C$ and holding time was 1 hour. The washing process increased the heating value by 19 ~ 27%. The heating value of the sample treated at $300^{\circ}C$ for three hours was 4310.80 kcal/kg, which was greater than the first class wood pellet of 4300 kcal/kg. Conclusions: This study proved that the torrefaction and washing process increased the heating value of water hyacinth. Therefore, water hyacinth is expected to be an eco-friendly biomass which substitutes for wood pellet.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.266-271
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• 2001

In this study, the performance of the simultaneous heating & cooling water making system using R134a was investigated by simulation. The most important effect upon heating COP was intermediate pressure depending on input water temperature. With the input water temperature of $10^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$, optimum intermediate pressure were 923 and 1040kPa, respectively. At that optimum intermediate pressure, the maximum heating COP of the system operated between $0^{\circ}C$ evaporating temperature and $70^{\circ}C$ condensing temperature were 4.15 and 3.83. With installation of the subcoolers in high or low pressure section, the system COP was increased by reducing the refrigerant mass flow rate. Under the optimum pressure and $10^{\circ}C$ input water temperature, it was found that heating COP was maximized when the low-subcooler and high-subcooler capacity rate were taken by 14% and 13%, respectively.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.266-269
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• 2009

The Purpose of this study was thermal performance of solar hot water and space heating thermal storage tank. The combi storage tank was designed Tank in Tank type. The tank volume for space heating was 700 $\ell $ and tank volume for hot water was 150 $\ell $. Tank in Tank type storage tank was to replace heat exchange to hot water tank. The result showed that the Heating value was 67.25MJ and domestic hot water value was 51.93MJ. Supply to the hot water volume was 521 $\ell $ more than about 3 times as that of the hot water tank volume.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.1037-1042
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• 2009

In connection with a recent research project dealing with heating system in apartment buildings by district heating, it was realised that in general very little information on the actual performance of heating and hot water systems in apartment buildings has been documented. In order to improve of district heating systems, a prediction of the heat demand first needs to be determined before a production plan. this is hot water heat system developed in this paper. this is also analyzed relation heat load with preheat load in hot water heating exchanger system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.218-223
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• 2014

Korea District heating corp. recently give an attention to combine the district heating and supply pipes as a two pipe system that are in the present system separated with room heating and warm water supply pipe, and the two pipe system is commonly applied for heating service in European countries. In the new two pipe system, only one heat source is supplied to a house and partitioned into room heating and warm water supply by household substation. So the effective distribution of supplied heat source in accordance to user intention is very important. This paper presents the development and performance test of three-way proportional control valve for a combined heat source system in district heating. The proposed valve is controlled to partition heat source into two different directions : hot water distributor for space heating and household substation for warm water supply in response to the pressure drops of tap water caused by the user. The performance investigation is shown within 3% of error compared to the theoretical model of the three-way proportional valve and its controllability is verified.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.668-672
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• 2009

This is to report the result of Development of Single effect/Double lift absorption chiller & heater which is used in the district heating net work. The heating cycle was newly developed to make the secondary hot water from evaporator and the cycle change-over function was added for the heating to the cooling mode and the cooling to the heating mode. Finally, it was assured through the site trial operation that the outlet temperature of primary hot water can be produced lower than $68^{\circ}C$ when the outlet temperature of secondary hot water is $60^{\circ}C$.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.35-43
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• 1999

A number of disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed as a result of the addition of chlorine into the public water supply and some of them have been suggested to cause adverse health effects on humans. However, the estimation of human ingestion exposure to each DBP has been performed simply by multiplying the concentration of a chemical in the cold tap water by the volume of water consumed during a given period of time. However, a questionnaire concerning water consumptions administered to sixty people residing in Chunchon showed that the volume of tap water consumed accounted for approximately 70% of the total volume of water consumed and that of heated water represented approximately 94% of tap water ingested. Heating durations for water-containing foods (e. g., soups and pot stews) and heated beverages (e. g., barley tea) were grouped into 10, 20, 30, and 35 minutes. Based on these time frames, an aluminum pot containing one liter of tap water was heated for the above respective time periods using a gas range to determine the variations of the concentrations of individual DBPs by heating. The pH and total residual chlorine were measured before and after heating. Collected water samples were carried to the laboratory and analyzed for eight DBPs and total organic carbon. Chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chloral hydrate, 1, 2-dichloro-2-propanone, 1, 1, 1-trichloropropanone, and dichloroacetonitrile were not detected following heating for 10 minutes and longer. The concentration of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) was elevated with heating duration, resulting in the averages of 2.0, 3.1, 4.7, and 12 times the initial concentration, respectively, for 10, 20, 30, and 35 minute heating periods. On the other hand, the concentration of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) decreased with heating duration, with 0.65, 0.40, 0.34, and 0.19 times lower than the initial concentration. Therefore, it is suggested that ingestion exposure to DCAA increases with heating duration but that ingestion exposure to TCAA decreases. In addition, while the amount of DCAA was elevated at the initial time periods (10 or 20 minutes) and then slowly decreased, that of TCAA was rapidly decreased. In conclusion, water-heating processes during cooking influence the concentrations of individual DBPs in the tap water, with lower levels for volatile DBPs and TCAA, and higher levels for DCAA. Therefore, concentration change needs to be taken into consideration in the estimation of human ingestion exposure to DBPs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.400-402
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• 2015

The typical winter heating unit heating mat. The product is to be found in the development of new water heating mat today. The product that circulates the water through the hose inside the mat with your existing heating mat electric heated mat is different from boiling water. However, no clear standards for noise and safety, consumer choice is giving confusing information about the product is low. We were to develop a high heat retention and stability than conventional sleeping mats to produce creative than traditional hot mats, heated mats general comparison with experimental results is a more efficient heat retention mat is produced.