• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2004

Effect of polyphenolic compounds from green tea leaves and surfactant micelles on lipid oxidation in corn oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) wag determined. Concentrations of polyphenolic compound and surfactant in continuous phase of O/W were measured. Particle size of O/W with 17 mM Brij 700 and 5% corn oil increased with increasing concentration of polyphenolic compound (100-200 ppm). Concentration of surfactant in the continuous phase was lower than that of control. Lipid oxidation rates, as determined by the formation of lipid hydroperoxides and headspace hexanal, in O/W emulsions containing polyphenolic compounds decreased with increasing concentration of polyphenolic compounds (100-200 ppm). Inhibition of hydroperoxide and headspace hexanal produced via lipid oxidation by polyphenolic compounds in O/W was BHT>procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate>(+)-gallocatechin >(+)-catechin.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2010

This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of cooking conditions on quality characteristics of Soo-Yuk, a traditional Korean food. The cooking conditions were as follows: boiled until the core temperature of a sample in $20^{\circ}C$ cold water reached at $75^{\circ}C$ (T1); boiled until the core temperature of a sample in $90^{\circ}C$ boiling water reached at $75^{\circ}C$ (T2); and boiled with sample from $20^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$ and kept at $98^{\circ}C$ for 25 min (T3, Korean traditional method). The sample cooked at $90^{\circ}C$ water (T2) had the fast cooking time, and the highest cooking yield and moisture content. Soo-yuk boiled in $100^{\circ}C$ water (T3) showed the longest cooking time, the lowest cooking yield and moisture content, and the highest shear force. The instrumental color showed a significant difference among the cooking conditions. The sarcomere length of soo-yuk boiled in $100^{\circ}C$ water (T3) was the shortest, but the myofibrillar fragmentation index and thiamine content of the sample cooked at $90^{\circ}C$ (T2) were the highest. In sensory evaluation, the evaluation of soo-yuk boiled in $98^{\circ}C$ water (T3) was of superior flavor and overall acceptability.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.133-137
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• 1997

Bean cooking water was used as a raw material for the production of soy-oligosaccharides. To maximize the yield of the physiologically functional oligosaccharides such as raffinose and stachyose, a fermentation process was introduced to reduce sucrose content. Yeast strains utilizing sucrose, but scarcely affecting the raffinose and stachyose for the growth were initially selected to reduce the sucrose content in the bean cooking water. The selected strains were Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763, S. cerevisiae KCTC 7039 and Hansenula anomala KFRI 626. Bean cooking water with 2% inoculation volume of these yeasts was fermented until 48 hrs, respectively. The results of sugar analysis according to the fermentation time showed, bean cooking water treated with S. cerevisiae KCTC 7039 and H. anomala KFRI 626 used almost sucrose without decreasing stachyose for the growth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.509-509
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• 2022

Rice has always been the anchor of food security in the Philippines and the government is adamant about sustaining rice production by ensuring reliable irrigation water availability. Among the numerous irrigation schemes, the importance of the Pulangui River Irrigation System (PRIS) is undeniable, as it is the largest and primary irrigation source for rice production areas which are considered the food basket in Northern Mindanao. However, the ageing irrigation structures, unlined canals, long-standing water delivery systems, and climate change are compromising the performance of PRIS; and every year, during the dry and wet season, the maximum rice irrigable area is not achieved. From the field-scale water management perspective, untimely irrigation application, an unregulated roster of turn for irrigation among farmers, and the traditional practice of flooding the rice fields are the main causes of substantial water losses in conveyance, distribution, and farm application of irrigation water. Hence, proper irrigation scheduling is crucial to cultivate the maximum irrigable area by ensuring equity among the farmers and to increase the water use efficiency and yield. In this study, the FAO single crop coefficient approach was adopted to estimate rice water requirements, which were subsequently used to suggest appropriate irrigation schedules based on the recommended field-scale rice cultivation practices. The study results would improve the irrigation system management in the study area by facilitating in regulating the canal water flows and releases according to suggested irrigation schedules that could lead to increased benefited area, yield, and water efficiency without straining the available water resources.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.26.1-26.7
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• 2019

Background: The monitoring of pathogens of fishery auction markets is important to obtain safe fishery products regarding hygiene and sanitation. In this study, aerobic, coliform, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae were monitored in the fishery products and environmental samples obtained from fishery auction markets. Methods: The fishery products (flounder, octopus, skate, rock cod, sea bass, snail, monkfish, flatfish, comb pen shell, corb shell, conger eel, hairtail, croaker, and pilchard) were placed in filter bags, and the environmental samples (samples from the water tanks at the fishery auction markets, seawater from the fishery distribution vehicles, ice from wooden or plastic boxes, and surface samples from wooden and plastic boxes used for fish storage) were collected. Aerobic bacteria, E. coli, and coliform in the samples were enumerated on aerobic count plates and E. coli/coliform count plates, respectively. For V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae non-O1 quantification, most probable number (MPN)-PCR analysis was performed. Results: Aerobic and coliform bacteria were detected in most samples, but E. coli was not detected. Wooden boxes were contaminated with high levels of aerobic and coliform bacteria in all seasons (spring, summer, and fall). During fall, V. cholerae non-O1 were detected in snails, hairtails, croakers, flatfishes, pilchards, plastic boxes, and water samples. Conclusions: These results indicate an increased prevalence of V. cholerae contamination in fishery products in fall, including food contact samples, which can be vehicles for cross-contamination.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.363-371
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• 2012

Sambucus williamsii var. coreana have been used as a traditional medical food. This research was conducted to investigate the antioxidants of S. williamsii var. coreana leave and stem extracts. Total phenolic content of S. williamsii var. coreana leaves and stem water extracts were 6.6 and 2.0 mg/mL. The EDA by DPPH free radical scavenging test of S. williamsii var. coreana leaves extracts were 99.5 and 89.7% in water and ethanol extracts contained phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The stem extracts were 92.2 and 94.3% in water and ethanol extracts contained phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The ABTS radical decolorization activity of water and ethanol extracts from leaves were 79.8 and 99.1% at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ and water and ethanol extracts from stem were 90.8 and 97.2% at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The antioxidant protection factor of water and ethanol extracts from leaves were 1.1 PF and 1.1 PF at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ and water and ethanol extracts from stem were 1.4 PF and 1.0 PF at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The TBARs of water and ethanol extracts from leaves were 88.7 and 98.1% at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ and water and ethanol extracts from stem were 93.6 and 90.6% at phenolic 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. The antioxidative activities of extracts from S. williamsii var. coreana leaves and stem were higher than BHT as positive control. These results suggests that S. williamsii var. coreana extracts have the greatest property as a natural antioxidative source.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2019

Background: Piton du Milieu (PdM) impounding reservoir is suspected to be eutrophic based on the elevated level of orthophosphate and nitrate. Water supplies from three adjacent rivers are primarily thought to contribute to the nutrient enrichment of the reservoir. It is also suspected that there is leaching of orthophosphate, nitrate and organic matter into the rivers during rainfall events and also as a result of anthropogenic activities within the catchment area. The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact of nutrient loading on the water quality of PdM water and on the population of freshwater microalgae in the reservoir. The enumeration and identification of algae from PdM were performed by differential interference contrast microscopy. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were determined by electrometric methods, whereas nutrient levels, silica and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined by instrumentation techniques. Results: Annual mean orthophosphate, nitrate and total organic carbon input from the three feeders within the catchment area of PdM reached levels as high as 0.09 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L and 2.62 ppm respectively. Over a 12-month period, mean TOC concentration in the reservoir was 2.32 ppm while the mean algal cell count was 4601 cells/mL. The dominant algal species identified were Oscillatoria, Cyclotella, Navicula and Cosmarium. Conclusion: This study highlights the trophic state of the reservoir water and clearly points to the need for constant monitoring in order to avoid the occurrence of an impending harmful algal bloom.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.931-937
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• 1999

Styrene dimers and trimers from polystyrene cup noodle containers were analyzed by GC and GC/MS extracted with various simulants. For the quantitation of styrene dimers and trimers, 1,3-diphenylpropane (DP) and benzyln-butyl phthalate (BBP) were chosen as the standards. The results showed that the average of the styrene dimers in the containers was 603 ppm, and that of trimers was 5731 ppm. Four styrene dimers, including 1,2-diphenyl-cyclobutane, were identified as well as seven trimers such as 2,4,6-triphenyl-l-hexene. The migration of the styrene dimers and trimers, from the cup noodle containers of polystyrene into foods, was conducted using simulants including boiling water as well as soybean oil and n-heptane. In addition to, the analysis of each migrated styrene was also performed filled with boiling water into noodle and soup after certain time (5, 10, 20, 30 min). The results showed that the migration of styrene dimers and trimers from cup noodle containers was not detected in the case of using boiled water or soybean oil as a simulant, while styrene dimers and trimers were detected 1.18 ppm and 14.21 ppm, respectively, when heptane was adopted as a simulant. In the case of filling with boiled water into noodle and soup, both styrenes were not detected at 5 min and 10 min, however, some samples standing for 20 min released styrene dimers and trimers as much as 0.009 ppm, and 0.019 ppm for 30 min.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.325-330
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• 1996

Foaming capacity (FC) and stability (FS) of protein recovered from red crab (Chitinonecetes opilio) processing in water and soybean protein isolate were determined at pH 2.0~10.0 in water and NaCl solution. The FC values for both proteins showed the lowest values at the isoelectric point (pH 4.0) and increased nth an increase in pH above the isoelectric point. FC of RCP was higher than that of SPI at pH 10.0 in water and both NaCl solutions. FC of SPI increased with an increase in NaCl concentration at pH 4.0 and 6.0, but FC of RCP was not affected. The highest FS values for both proteins were obtained at pH 4.0 in water. At pH 2.0, FC of RCP decreased with NaCl concentration increase, but FS increased. NaCl concentration had little effect on FS of RCP at pH 4.0 and 6.0, but the FS decreased at pH 10.0. FS of SPI was similar to that of RCP at pH 2.0 and increased with NaCl concentration Increase from 0.1 to 0.5M NaCl at pH 10.0.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 2006

Fallow paddy areas have been increased due to the import of cheap agricultural product, and the unbalance between farming cost and rice price since 1990. In domestic, rice production control that decrease paddy field area has been introduced for the control of rice demand and supply and stabilization of rice price since 2003. Because of the desire of paddy field's owner to create benefit by using paddy for other object, fallow paddy would be continuously increased. In the other aspect, many people in the world is suffering from hunger because of the shortage of food. In case of Korea, continuous drought and flood damages will be potential concern of stable food supply. From this viewpoint, the increasing fallow paddy area needs to be protected from the devastation by weed breeding for the re-cultivation. In this study, fallow paddy managed with the shallow pools and shallows was selected fur monitoring and analyzing of water quality and plant body change. As the results, the managed fallow paddy found to be effective in the purification of water quality and the control of plant growth.