• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 2017

This study was carried out to analyze the antioxidant components and activities of cooked mixed grain rice-added foxtail millet with different addition rates (5, 10, 15, and 20%) and cooking methods. The two foxtail millet varieties used in this study were non-waxy foxtail millet, 'Samdame', and waxy foxtail millet, 'Samdachal'. Cooked mixed grain rice-added foxtail millet was cooked by general and high pressure cooking methods with and without fermented alcohol. Except for breakdown viscosity, pasting characteristics of foxtail millet were reduced with increasing amounts of foxtail millet. Water-binding capacity and swelling power significantly decreased with increasing amounts of foxtail millet, whereas water solubility index significantly increased. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents increased with increasing amounts of foxtail millet. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities also increased with increasing amounts of foxtail millet. Moreover, foxtail millet cooked by general cooking method with fermented alcohol showed higher antioxidant effect compared to other cooking methods. In this study, antioxidant components and activities of cooked mixed grain rice-added foxtail millet with different addition rates and cooking methods can be used as basic data for manufacturing processed products.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.362-367
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• 2013

This study was conducted to develop an efficient control method for water foxtail in the field sowing barley and wheat seeds before rice harvesting. When thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) was applied 0, 5 and 10 days after rice harvesting, little phytotoxicity was observed on both barley and wheat. Percent of water foxtail control with thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) was more than 88% at three different application timing. When butachlor (5%) was applied 5 days before barley and wheat sowing, phytotoxicity on barley and wheat was severe. However, no phytotoxicity was observed on barley and wheat 5 and 10 days after rice harvesting. Percent of water foxtail control with butachlor 0 and 5 days after rice harvesting was 85-89%. However, it dropped to 74-80% when applied 10 days after rice harvesting. In the thifensulfuron-methyl treatment, the dry matter of barley and wheat was 96-108% and 100-108%, respectively when compared with untreated control. While, in the butachlor treatment, the dry matter of barley and wheat was 53-73% and 106%, respectively when compared with untreated control. Therefore, we recommend thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) 0-10 days after rice harvesting or butachlor (5%) 5 days after rice harvesting to provide efficient water foxtail control and safe barley and wheat production.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.465-473
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to investigate the antioxidant capabilities and quality characteristics of instant porridge made of foxtail millet (Setaria italica Beauv.) from different varieties with different endosperm characteristics and processing using different methods. The two foxtail millet varieties used in this study were waxy foxtail millet, 'Samdachal', and non-waxy foxtail millet, 'Samdame'. The means of processing food to create instant porridge were dry cereal frying, wet cereal frying, freeze drying after steaming, popping, and no treatment. The WAI (water absorption index) of instant porridge made of waxy foxtail millet was higher than that of non-waxy foxtail millet, and popping created the highest WAI among the treatments tested. Whean we analyzed RVA characteristics of non-waxy foxtail millet instant porridge, peak viscosity and setback values were decreased in all processed foxtail millet instant porridge compared to non-waxy foxtail millet instant porridge. In waxy foxtail instant porridge, the peak and final viscosities of processed treated instant porridge increased. The viscosity just after pouring hot water into the instant porridge was higher in waxy foxtail millet porridge treated by freeze drying after steaming, popping, and wet cereal frying; the viscosity of non-waxy foxtail porridge was increased after popping as compared with the other treatments. The polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities were increased in all processed, treated-instant porridge except for freeze dried porridge after steamingnt. The popping treatment showed the highest polyphenol contents (1.5 fold), and ABTS antioxidant activity (1.2 fold), compared to no treatment. Non-waxy foxtail millet porridge produced by popping earned the highest sensory evaluation scores.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2012

Purpose: The sufficiency of skin dose and the reemergence of patient set-up position to the success of skin cancer radiation treatment is a very important element. But the conventional methods to increase the skin dose were used to vacuum cushion, bolus and water tank have several weak points. For this reason, we producted Foxtail Millet Vacuum Cushion and evaluated the efficiency of the Foxtail Millet Vacuum Cushion in skin cancer Radiation treatment. Materials and Methods: We measured absolute dose for 3 materials (Foxtail Millet Vacuum Cushion, bolus and solid water phantom) and compared each dose distribution. We irradiated 6 MV 100 MU photon radiation to every material of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm thickness at three times. We measured absolute dose and compared dose distribution. Finally we inspected the CT simulation and radiation therapy planing using the Foxtail Millet Vacuum Cushion. Results: Absolute dose of Foxtail Millet Vacuum Cushion was similar to absolute dose of bolus and solid water phantom's result in each thickness. it Showed only the difference of 0.1~0.2% between each material. Also the same result in dose distribution comparison. About 97% of the dose distribution was within the margin of error in the prescribed ranges ($100{\pm}3%$), and achieved the enough skin dose (Gross Tumor Volume dose : $100{\pm}5%$) in radiation therapy planing. Conclusion: We evaluated important fact that Foxtail Millet Vacuum Cushion is no shortage of time to replace the soft tissue equivalent material and normal vacuum cushion at the low energy radiation transmittance. Foxtail Millet Vacuum Cushion can simultaneously achieve the enough skin dose in radiation therapy planing with maintaining normal vacuum cushion' function. Therefore as above We think that Foxtail Millet Vacuum Cushion is very useful in skin cancer radiation treatment.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.186-190
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• 1998

To establish weed control method in no-tilled and rice straw-covered wheat sown coincidentally with rice harvest using combine-attached drill seeder, several herbicides and their combination were tested for 2 years. Similar number of panicle to hand-weeding plot was secured at sprayed plot with Buta EC + Glyphosate SL mixture just after seeding. Water-foxtail(Alopeculus aequalis) and broadleaf weeds were controlled effectively by Buta EC + Glyphosate SL mixture, showing the control efficacy of 92 percent. In the 1st cropping year, weed species occurred was simple and water-foxtail predominated nearly half. However, weed species was diversified and water-foxtail predominated 83.5 percent in the 2nd cropping year. Wheat yield of Buta EC + Glyphosate SL plot showed no difference with hand-weeding plot. Dry weight of water-foxtail showed closer linear relationship with wheat yield reduction than that of broadleaf weed.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1998

When rice straw was mulched, the inhibition of weed growth was observed in the barley field. This study was carried to indentify the influence of rice straw extract on germination, shoot and root growth of barley and water foxtail, according to extraction rate, temperature, growth stage, variety and soaking time. The inhibition rate of germination, shoot and root length of barley and water foxtail was higest in rice straw extract of $24^{\circ}C$, 5hours, 10%(w/v). Daerimbyeo's extract among 17 rice varieties inhibited growth of barley most, but Anjoongbyeo's was lowest. Among five growth stages, extract at seedling stages inhibited growth of barly and water foxtail most. Among 10 barley varieties, Seaolbori showed the greatest growth inhibition by rice straw extract.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 1997

When the rice straw mulched, the inhibition of weed growth was observed in the paddy field. If we use these allelopathic effect of decreased weed establishment, we can save labor, and protect environment. Aqueous extract of rice straw were bioassayed using water foxtail seeds to investigate chair effects on the germination and the growth, and to identify allelopathic compounds. The major results obtained were summarized as follows : Aqueous extract was fractioned by solvent, among various fractions, II-3, II-4 fractions inhibited the coleoptile and the radical of water foxtail, by 100%, respectively. There were fumaric acid and 4 unknown organic acids. Seven organic acids including fumaric acid inhibited the growth and germination of water foxtail in $10^{-2}$M solution. One of the most effective allelopathic compounds in rice straw was identified the unknown organic acid, as molecular weight 253, by GC/MS.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 1993

In order to brew foxtail millet wine, a folk wine of Cheju, properties of raw materials, optimum brewing conditions were inveatigated. Carbohydrate and crude fat content of glutinuous foxtail millet are 71.27% and 3.47%, respectively. Since the ratio of water to steamed millet and ethanol concentration of wine showed negative correlation, less than 250% water had to added to steamed millet to maintain ethanol concentration in wine above 13%, Sugar consumption and ethanol production increased rapidly for the first 2 days, and main fermentation was done in 4 days. Ethanol concentrations were $13.0{\sim}13.4%$ when foxtail millet was used, and they were $14.0{\sim}14.3%$ for the mixture substrates of 90% millet and 10% rice or barley. Organic acids in millet wine were lactic acid, malic acid and succinic acid. The residual carbohydrates after fermentation were mainly xylose and oligosaccharides. A trace of methanol was detected in millet wine. The content of fusel oil was low, while the concnetration of organic acids was high. Optimum conditions for millet wine-making were as follows. Glutinuous foxtail millet with 10% rice as fermentation source need to be soaked in water and steamed for enough time. Water was added to steamed millet with the ratio of 2 : 1. The resulting mixture was stmnultaneously saccharified and fermented by Aspergillus orzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IAM 4274 at $20^{\circ}C$ for a week. Millet wine was prepared after filtering fermented broth while pressing for a week.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 1998

The experiment was carried out to obtain basic informations on sod culture using water foxtail in apple orchard at Kyeongbuk Provincial RDA in 1996 to 1997. Period of seedling emergence varied with sowing time and accumulative temperature. Sowing at Nov. 25 required longer than 100 days, while it needed only 8 days when water foxtail was sowed at Sep. 20. In a view of accumulative temperature, sowing at March 15 needed $139^{\circ}C$ but it required about $1,000^{\circ}C$ at August 10. This result showed that the seed of water foxtail has strong summer-dormancy in natural condition. Water foxtail had s-shape growth curve during growing season, and growth rate was the highest from March to May in this period. Plant height increased 2 times and 4 times for dry weight from March 20 to April 20. However, growth was decreased by summer depression after May. Major weeds in apple orchard were horseweed, akino-nogeshi and shepherd's-purse. These species were suppressed by the dominance of water foxtail. Water foxtail as a cover plant could be used for a method of weed control instead of herbicide in apple orchard.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.280-284
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• 2012

No-tillage direct seeding of rice is consumed less labor and oil energy by no plowing and rotary tillage. And it has other advantages of soil and water conservation and accumulation of organic matter on paddy surface due to crowded water foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis). When no-tillage seeding of rice, many water foxtail occurred in winter paddy field. In this experiment their covering degrees were 97.6% and 95.2% in clay loam and sandy loam paddy soils, respectively. Because of this, Stellaria alsine var. undulata, Cardamine flexuosa, Rorippa indica and Ixeris chinensis etc. annual and perennial wintering weeds occurrence was reduced. And annual weeds Chenopodium serotinum and Polygonum hydropiper that occurred early in spring were also reduced. As well as Echinochloa crusgalli var. praticola, Cyperus difformis, Monochoria vaginalis and Lindernia procumbens etc. summer annual weeds that occurred after irrigation were also reduced. In conclusion, no-tillage direct seeding of rice has another advantages of weed management by water foxtail.