• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.628-648
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• 2016

Increased attention has been paid to the presence of veterinary antibiotics in various environmental matrices due to their toxicological behavior in the ecosystem and development of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. In the this review, 37 target antimicrobials were selected based on annual sales of antibiotics for livestock in South Korea 2014. Also, extraction and clean-up methods for the determination of the antibiotic residues in liquid samples including water, milk, and honey were comprehensively reviewed in the literature. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was commonly used as a pre-treatment method for the samples. Most of the analytes were extracted in acidic conditions (2.5~4.0) except for aminoglycosides, which were extracted in neutral conditions (7.0~8.0). ${\beta}-Lactams$ showed the highest recoveries in neutral pH due to their degradation characteristics in acidic media. Starta-X, Oasis HLB, and Oasis MCX were frequently applied as an SPE cartridge and Oasis HLB showed the highest recoveries for the majority of antibiotic classes. The homogenized honey and milk were extracted by mixing with acids for deproteinization. Solids and other interfering substances in the extract were eliminated by centrifugation followed by membrane filtration or SPE before injection into HPLC.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2015

Some data into combined and sanitary sewer system were collected in order to find out the characteristics of discharge from first flush rainfall inflow. The inflow ratios of combined and sanitary sewer system were 0.46 and 0.27 during rains from various survey data. The average inflow ratio 0.31 was appropriate for general application because many watersheds were not classified clearly as combined or sanitary sewage treatment areas. The percentage of first flush loads in the whole BOD load was about 10%. This result was thought some meaningful, comparing with similarity of first flush pollution load contribution previous surveyed by KECO (2004).

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2001

This paper presents the policy directions of total maximum daily loads(TMDL), which was recently adopted in Korea, for scientific management of water quality. The basic principles of water quality management are also discussed in this paper, along with the TMDL policy in United States as well as the previous policy in Korea. We discussed several unreasonable points out of the previous approaches, such as regulation of all point sources with equal standards, negligence of an assimilative capacity of the receiving water, and emphasis only on drinking water supply, etc.. For successful applications of the TMDL policy in Korea, the following directions are suggested: 1) the unit drainage basin for each TMDL application should be given, 2) the water body where the water quality standards should be maintained, needs to be guided, 3) the water quality parameters of TMDL should be given, 4) the technical guidances should be given for applications of water quality models, and 5) the seasonal TMDL would be allowed. In order to maximize the benefits of the TMDL policy, the local governments would need to implement the following strategies: 1) the increment of an assimilative capacity of the receiving water, 2) the effective controls of the non-point source pollution, 3) the advanced treatment of the point sources, 4) application of system optimization techniques along with effluent trade, and 5) utilization of watershed management systems.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.585-595
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• 2014

The temporal trends of the prioritized toxic water pollutants generated and discharged from the industrial facilities in the Geum-River basin, Korea were analyzed with the results of the nationwide Water Pollution Source Survey conducted in 2001 - 2012. The statistical results indicated rapid increase in the volume of raw toxic wastewaters whereas the amount of each toxic pollutant kept fluctuating for 12 years. Serious discrepancies in the survey data of the same type of industries demonstrated a low reliability of the survey result, which stemmed from several error factors. A unit-load for each type of industrial facility was devised to estimate the amount of prioritized toxic water pollutant based on the total volume of industrial wastewater generated from the same type of industrial facilities. The supplementary measures with an effective permit issuance policy and adding survey parameters of terminal wastewater treatment plants to use them as references to the Water Pollution Source Survey were suggested as means to minimize the errors associated with the false reports from the industries.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.19
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• pp.293-300
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• 1999

This paper is aimed at the development of comprehensive environmental management system, which can be operated on the basis of world wide web. This study has been initiated as a topic of G7 project in 1988, and will be accomplished in 2001. Even thought there should be lots of works remaining to achieve this goal, preliminary products can be summarized as follows : 1) integrated environments information management system, 2) web based control engine, 3) surface water environment management system, 4) subsurface water environment management system, 5) sewer and waterworks management system. The core methodology of the engine is the generalized multidimensional finite element matrices to depict the terms in the analysis of various partial differential equations. Spatial information management system (ArcView) and Visual Basic were extensively employed to construct GUI oriented web based engine. Developed systems were consist with very intense computer codes due to the necessity of combinatory management of environmental problems. The web based engine could be served as a decision tool for the integrated management of environmental projects in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.379-383
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• 2015

Indicators of environmental conditions describe the state of the environment and the quantity and quality of natural resources. This study deduced the evaluation items to assess each sub-indicator for agricultural water quality and conducted the surveying using the Delphi method based on agricultural water quality experts. Considering its importance, environmental, state, and management indicators showed that state indicator such as COD concentration for surface water and $NO_3-N$ concentration for groundwater was ranked as first and followed by amount of fertilizer. Its indicators were correlated with state and environmental indicators in surface water and groundwater. The best management indicators were calculated to assess the agricultural surface water and ground water quality. The indicator could be used in established policies for management and conservation of water resources.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-54
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• 2019

The groundwater quality through livestock excreta survey based on "Act of the management and use of livestock excreta" was investigated by selecting sampling sites within 1 km of the farmland without considering hydrogeological units. However, these sites can be affected by various pollution sources such as chemical fertilizers and livestock excretions. Additionally, the effects of pollution sources on groundwater quality in the sites cannot be clearly distinguished from naturally occurring backgrounds. In this study, a method was developed to select the sampling sites for groundwater quality through livestock excreta survey in order to understand the effects of pollution sources especially livestock excreta. First, the concentrations of nitrate within the radius of 200 m, 300 m, 500 m and 750 m, respectively, from the farms regarded as pollution sources in hydrogeological units were compared in 2016-2017. All the nitrate concentrations at 200 - 500 m from the farms exceeded a background concentration, 13.3 mg/L. Those at 750 m and the background concentrations measured by the Ministry of Environment were comparable. Therefore, the appropriate radius was suggested as 500 m for livestock excretions survey. In this study, the areas within 500 m from the farms could be considered under the influence of livestock excretions, while those beyond 500 from the pollution sources as background in hydrogeological units. The developed method was validated by applying it to the sites selected based on both administrative divisions and watersheds for livestock excretion survey. The average densities for the developed method were 0.82 and 0.39 points/km2, respectively, which were considered as appropriate levels according to those of the European Environmental Agency.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.244-245
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.131-131
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• 2018

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2007

This study aims to clarify the effect of forest management practices(thinning and pruning) on soil physical properties and water quality to get the fundamental information on the facility of purifying water quality after forestry practices. Rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, soil and stream water were sampled at the study site which consists of Pinus rigida in Jinju National University Experimental Forest for 4 years from Mar. 1, 2002 to Nov. 30, 2006. Averaged tree height of the management site increased by 1.6m, compared to the value of the non-management site in Pinus rigida. Increment of averaged D. B. H. at the management site showed 4.2cm more in Pinus rigida compared with that at non-management sites. Mesopore ratios (pF2.7) and total porosities of A layer soil at the management site increased more than those at the non-management sites in both stands. Otherwise, soil bulk density resulted in being reversely. Water qualities of throughfall, stemflow and buffered soil water were influenced more positively by the management practice. The average electrical conductivity of stream water was $32.9{\mu}S/cm$ within the range of non-polluted stream water.