• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.584-594
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• 2005

The spatio-temporal abundance pattern of algae in Lake Paldang from 2002 to 2004 was investigated. The concentration of chlorophyll a representing algal biomass had fluctuated intensively throughout the year. Among three years, the highest algal biomass was shown in 2002, and typical growth peak of concentration of chlorophyll a was occurred in spring and autumn. There had been frequent rainfall in spring drought period in 2003 and it resulted in the decrease of the algal biomass. The distribution pattern of four algal groups on the surface water of Lake Paldang showed different abundance by season and by water area. In particular, different algal growth characteristics by water areas were observed. Influences of various environmental parameters on algal abundance in four water areas of Lake Paldang were analyzed statistically. From the results of Peason correlation analysis, it was understood that the kinds and affects of environmental parameters were different according to water areas and seasons. Based on the factors analysis of environmental parameters on the concentration of chlorophyll a, stepwise regression models whose independent variables were the factors produced by factor analysis and dependent variable was the concentration of chlorophyll a were derived by water areas and seasons. As a whole, factors related with organics and photosynthesis were revealed to have high affects to algal abundance, whereas limiting nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen showed little affect in Lake Paldang.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.44-59
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• 2014

Despite the implementation of TMDL, the water quality in lower watershed of Nam river dam has worsened continuously since 2005. Multifarious pollution sources such as cities and industrial districts are scattered around it. Nam river downstream bed slope is very gentle towards the downstream water flow of slows it down even more, depending on the water quality deterioration is accelerated eutrophication occurs. In this study, the mainstream in lower watershed of Nam river dam region to target aquatic organic matter by phytoplankton growth contribution was evaluated by statistical analysis. and statistical evaluation of water quality and the accuracy of forecasting, model calibration and verification procedures by completing QUALKO2 it's eutrophic phenomena that occur frequently in the dam outflow through scenarios predict an increase in water quality management plans to present the best should.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1185-1194
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• 2005

The runoff characteristics of non-point source pollutions in the municipal area of Jeonju were investigated and analyzed by using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model). The flow rates and water qualities of runoff from two types of drainage conduits were measured respectively. One was a conventional combined sewer system and the other was a separated sewer system constructed recently From August to November in 2004, investigations on two rainfall events were performed and flow rate, pH, BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were measured. These data were also used for model calibration. On the basis of the measured data and the simulation results by SWMM, it is reported that $80-90\%$ of pollution load is discharged in the early-stage storm runoff. Therefore, initial 10-30 mm of rainfall should be controlled effectively for the optimal treatment of non-point source pollution in urban area. Also, it was shown that the SWMM model was suitable for the management of non-point source pollution in the urban area and for the analysis of runoff characteristics of pollutant loads.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.704-712
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• 2009

Advanced Phase Isolation Ditch (APID) process was studied to develop economic retrofitting technology, for the plants where retrofitting of common activated sludge process is required. In this study, to evaluate and monitor the effluent water quality ($BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P) and operating conditions (Influent, SVI, SRT, and HRT) as process capable and stable parameters for treating municipal wastewater, a demonstration plant was installed and operated in the existing sewage treatment plant of P city. During this study, the average effluent $BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P concentrations were 7.7, 5.6, 10.8, and 1.6 mg/L. Trend analysis of influent $BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P in APID process were illustrated that APID process need for more strong APID process management on the winter session, such as developing new intermediated aeration mode, operating methods, and managements strategy. At the application of control chart, the signal of uncommon effects at APID process was determined much higher existing control chart tntr conventional control chart in this study. These results indicate that conventional control chart has been collected and determined cleary signal at only stable situation. Therefore, newly developed APID process of dynamic control chart can be one of the useful tool for monitoring and management process.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2002

At present, the health risks associated with the natural radionuclides of ground water have become a concern as potential social problems. However, there are no regulatory actions or control strategies for such risks. Therefore, we have investigated and discussed the risks and associated management strategies for radionuclides in other countries. US EPA has proposed MCL (300 pCi/L) and AMCL (4,000 pCi/L) for radon, and 30 ppb for uranium, 15 pCi/L for gross-alpha and 5 pCi/L for radium as final MCLs. Also, Canada, WHO and European countries have their inherent management levels. Finally, we suggested several criteria for setting guidelines in our countries including exposure related criteria such as geological distribution, occurrence, exposure probability distribution, exposure population and multimedia exposure assessment, acceptable risk, and cost -benefit analysis. The national-scale exposure and risk assessment, and economic analysis should be conducted for producing and aggregating the representative information on these criteria.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

This paper discussed plurality in urban governance in Nigeria and its implication on delivery of urban environmental services, with a focus on water supply, sanitation and solid waste disposal. Conceptually, it explained urban governance as the sum total of the ways of achieving an inclusive city and expressed the urban governance system of Nigeria based the legal framework set for them. The paper explored the environmental implications of urban governance in Nigeria. It concluded that urban governance has several implications on delivery of urban environmental services in Nigeria. The dualism in urban governance is a factor contributing towards inefficient delivery of environmental services such as water supply, sanitation and solid waste management in Nigeria. The paper recommended, among others, a constitutional reform that will guarantee efficient urban governance and delivery of environmental services in Nigeria.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2007

The objective of this research was to review the correlation between microalgae and agricultural water quality. Although microalgae has been considered as an essential factor for control1ing of water ecosystem, little attention has been paid for evaluating of microalgae as an important factor for water quality management. But it can be use to make us know the water pollution state at saprobic system, LTSI (Lake Tropic State Index), DAIpo (Diatom Assemblage Index to Organic Pollution), and AGP (Algal growth potential). In saprobic system, it is used microalgae such as Actinastrum hantzschii var. fluviatile, Asterionella gracillima, Coelastrum microporum, Synedra acus, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum, Micractinium pusillum, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Microcystis aeruginosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Nitzschia palea for assessment water quality. In addition, they have ecologically significant characteristics such as dominant species, cosmopolitan species, redtide causative species etc. Also, microalgae such as Botryococcus braunii, B. sp., Chlorella vulgaris, C. sp., Phormidium sp., Scenedesmus quadricauda, Selenastrum capricornutum, Spirulina maxima, and S. platensis have an effect on improvement of water quality.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2020

There are fifteen non-point pollution management areas in Korea and three of them (Doam lake, Daegi district and Golji-cheon) are located in the upstream of the Namhan river watershed. Many efforts to reduce non-point sources (NPS) pollution have been conducted, however, water quality pollution in the watershed is still serious. To solve these problems, it is a priority to grasp water quality using statistical techniques. In this study, a trend analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of NPS management in the watershed. The long-term trends from 1996 to 2018 of water quality properties were analyzed using data collected from the water environment information system. Seventeen monitoring stations were selected along the main stream in Namhan river basin. Monthly water quality properties (BOD, COD, TN, TP, TN/TP ratio, Conductivity, SS and Chlorophyll-a) were collected and analyzed by Mann-Kendall test and LOWESS. The results showed that the Conductivity tended to increase in all regions and was the highest level in Jijangcheon. Organic pollution such as BOD and COD tended to increase in the Jungseon area. SS did not show a large tendency, but it showed high concentration in the Doam watershed. In all regions, 40% of water quality properties showed a tendency to 'UP', 15% of water quality properties tended to 'DOWN', and 46% indicated no tendency. In order to determine the cause of this, additional research and measures for improvement are necessary. This study will be used for the establishment of water quality policy in the future.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.222-232
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• 2016

물발자국은 인간의 활동을 통해 소비되는 직접수와 간접수의 총사용량을 산정함으로써 지속가능한 물이용을 유도하기 위한 효과적 수단으로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구는 서울시의 물이용 관리와 관련한 계획들의 문제점 분석을 통해 물발자국의 도입가능성을 분석하고 장단기적인 측면에서 도입 및 활용방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한 서울시 25개 자치구를 대상으로 시뮬레이션을 통해 청색 및 회색 물발자국을 산정하고, 지역별 물발자국의 차이점 분석과 이를 바탕으로 물발자국을 줄이기 위한 대안들을 모색하였다. 물발자국 측면에서의 서울시 물환경시스템에 대한 분석은 크게 청색물발자국과 회색물발자국으로 나누어 수행하였다. 개인이나 공동체가 제품이나 서비스를 생산 소비하기 위해 필요한 지표수와 지하수의 양을 의미하는 청색물발자국을 분석하기 위해서 서울시의 각 행정구역별 지하수의 사용량과 생활용수의 사용량을 합산하여 추정하였다. 각 행정구역별 청색물발자국을 인구수와 세대수 비율로 확인해 본 결과 중구, 종로구 강남구, 용산구, 서초구 등의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 회색물발자국은 각 행정구역별 BOD기준의 오 폐수발생부하량을 배출기준 수질(BOD기준 3.5ppm)로 정화하여 배출할 때 사용되는 물의 양을 추론하여 산출하였다. 각 행정구역별 회색물발자국을 인구수와 세대수 비율로 확인해 본 결과 중구, 종로구 강남구, 용산구, 서초구, 영등포구 등의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 물관리 있어 공급중심의 양적 관리 정책의 한계를 극복하기 위한 일환으로 물발자국의 개념 및 방법의 도입을 제안하였으며 이는 환경적 경제적 사회적으로 보다 탄력적이고 지속가능한 물관리 정책을 모색하는데 중요한 기초자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.381-397
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• 2021

Off-flavor materials (geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)) produced by microorganisms, such as, cyanobacteria and actinomycetes, cause freshwater use problems worldwide. Due to unpleasant taste and odor, these microorganisms have raised issues especially in drinking water resources. Recently, there has been increasing concern about 2-MIB and causal cyanobacteria, namely, Pseudanabaena, in Korea. However, material production and ecological dynamics remain largely unexplored. This study reviewed the distribution of Pseudanabaena, its species diversity, and the research trend of molecular ecology related to 2-MIB production in Korea. Based on published literature, we found that seven species of Pseudanabaena which include P. mucicola, P. limnetica, P. redekei, P. catenata, P. galeata, P. yagii, and P. cinerea appeared to occur in a variety of Korean water systems. All of these Pseudanabaena species were found in the North-Han River system (Lakes Soyang, Chuncheon, Uiam, and Paldang). Some of these species were also detected in other watersheds, but the precise species diversity was not identified. Species belonging to the Pseudanabaena genus are hard to classify through general microscopic alpha taxonomy, due to their very small cell size and similar morphological characters. Moreover, the potential of 2-MIB production cannot be detected by microscopic observation. Combining molecular ecological techniques, such as, environmental genomic materials (eDNA, eRNA) analyses to conventional methods could be useful to better understand the off-flavor material production and dynamics, thereby providing more efficient management strategies of freshwater systems.