• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.405-412
• /
• 2003

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC), a water soluble chitosan derivative synthesized by the reaction of quaternary ammonium compound with chitosan, were blended using water as a solvent and the PVA/HTCC blend films with various compositions were prepared by solution casting method. The miscibility between the two polymers and the thermal properties of the blend films were investigated using FT-IR, DSC, DMA, and TGA. Single glass transition temperatures and single melting temperatures of the blend films along with the strong and clear film state for the whole composition of blending ratios suggest the miscibility between PVA and HTCC. The PVA/HTCC blend films with HTCC content of 1% and greater showed excellent antimicrobial activity.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.189-193
• /
• 2008

Thermal cross-linking method of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was carried out on PVA/PAA hydrogels. The level of gelation was measured in the PVA/PAA hydrogels with various PAA contents. The swelling behavior at various pHs showed that the swelling kinetics and water contents of the PVA/PAA hydrogels reached equilibrium after 30 h, and the time to reach the equilibrium state decreased with increasing PAA content in the hydrogel. The water content increased with increasing pH of the buffer solution. The permeation and release of the drug were tested using indomethacin as a model drug. The permeated and released amounts of the drug increased with decreasing the PAA content because of the low free volume in the hydrogel due to the higher cross-linking density. The kinetic profile of drug release at various pHs showed that all samples reached the equilibrium state within the 5 h.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.8-11
• /
• 1967

A method of determination of gold in ores has been established: Disolved ore solution is evaporated to dryness, redissolved with 0.1N HCl then chloroaurate formed is adsorbed on anion exchange resin, Dowex $1\;{\cdot}\;{\times}4$. The resin is ignited and the residue is dissolved with HCl-$HNO_3$. After evaporation of the acid, and then dilution with water, sodium azide is added. The gold is extracted with amyl alcohol from the solution buffered to pH 6. The gold is determined by measuring absorbancy of the alcohol layer spectrophotometricaly at $385m{\mu}$. Various factors, HCl concentration, amount of the resin rate, if adsorption, foreign ions, effecting to the method, have been examined. This method seems to be satisfactory for the determination of gold presented dawn to 1g per metric ton in ore.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.555-563
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to confirm the quality characteristics of distilled soju with different rice pretreatment processes. The non-steamed fermentation method is a technology that uses starch to produce saccharification and alcohol without going through the steaming of raw materials. It has advantages such as reduction of manpower and cost, prevention of nutrient loss, and minimization of waste water. In this study, rice used were non-steamed and pulverized 'Baromi2', nonsteamed and steamed 'Samgwang', and puffed rice. As the fermenting agent, koji, modified nuruk, N9 yeast, and purified enzyme were used, and lactic acid was added to prevent contamination during fermentation. The amount of water was 300% in total, and after the first watering, 5 days after fermentation, the second watering was carried out. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the non-steamed fermentation method using 'Baromi' was superior to the existing fermentation method in terms of temperature during fermentation, final alcohol content, soluble solids, and pH. By expanding the stability of the production technology of non-steamed fermentation technology, product quality improvement can be expected.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.677-684
• /
• 1988

Titania powders were obtained from the various hydrolysis condition the variation of Alkoxide, water/Alcohol, REaction, Temp., reaction time and solvent system were investigated. In this result, spherical monodisperesed titania gel powders(≒0.7${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) were obtained using EtOH(as solvent), and this method had rapid reaction time compare with iso-PrOH(as solvent).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.469-474
• /
• 1998

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes crosslinked with poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMAn) have been prepared by the solution method. To investigate the separation behavior of the crosslinked PVA/PSMAn membranes in the pervaporation process, the selective sorption experiment and swelling measurements of the membranes in ethanol-water mixtures of 30~90 wt % ethanol contents were conducted with equipment that was able to measure the concentration and amount of the liquid absorbed in the membranes. The membranes prepared in this study exhibited good selectivity toward water component in sorption and permeation. Also, in the feed containing ethanol more than 50 wt %, the permeation selectivity of the membrane showed better correlation with the sorption selectivity than that with the swelling ratio changing toward the crosslinking content. This behavior was consistence with a solution-diffusion model correlating permeation and sorption selectivity, and led to the conclusion that the permeation selectivity was determined by sorption step rather than by diffusion step in the membrane.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.101-113
• /
• 2016

In this study, to improve the water flux of porous hydrophobic membranes, various water-soluble polymers including neutral, cationic and anionic polymers were adsorbed using 'salting-out' method. The adsorbed hydrophobic membrane surfaces were characterized mainly via the measurements of contact angles and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. To enhance the durability of the modified membranes, the water-soluble polymers such poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) and found to be resistant for more than 2 months in vigorously stirred water. The water flux was much more increased when the ionic polymers used as the coating materials rather than the neutral polymer and in this case, about 70% of $0.31L/m^2{\cdot}h$ (LMH) to 0.50 LMH was increased when 300 mg/L of polyacrylamide (PAAm) was used as the coating agents. Among the cationic coating polymers such as poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA_MA), poly(acrylic acid-comaleic acid) (PAM) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), PSSA_MA was found to be the best in terms of contact angle and water flux. In the case of PSSA_MA, the water flux was enhanced about 80%. The low concentration of the coating solution was better to hydrophilize while the high concentration inclined to block the pores on the membrane surfaces. The best coating condition was found: (1) coating concentration 150 to 300 mg/L, (2) ionic strength 0.15, (3) coating time 20 min.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution(FUBCPS) manufactured by using alcohol/water extraction method for identify ing the use of it as eyedrops. Methods: FUBCPS was manufactured by using alcohol/water extraction method. Measure the size of inhibition zone and MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) after administering FUBCPS on bacterial species. Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans, which cause keratitis. Administering cravit(Levonoxacin medicine) on bacterial species also performed to compare the anti-bacterial potency of this material, measured by using the size of inhibition zone Results : After administering FUBCPS on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans). there was no response to MIC and there was no anti -bacterial potency also. Conclusions : This study suggests that FUBCPS dose not have anti-bacterial effects on bacterial species which cause Keratitis. These study result recommends that we need to research more on herbal medicines of eye drop which have anti-bacterial effects on keratitis

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.248-248
• /
• 2017

This study was carried out to compare the cooking and antioxidant characteristics of cooked rice added at various rate of glutinous rice addition and treated with two cooking methods. Cooked rice added with glutinous rice was cooked by general and high pressure cooking method with and without fermented alcohol. Pasting characteristics of cooked rice were decreased as increasing the amounts of glutinous rice. Water binding capacity and swelling power were significant decreased with the amounts of glutinous rice increasing, however water solubility indices were significant increased. Palatability characteristics of cooked rice added with glutinous rice showed similar results to cooked rice without glutinous rice. Total polyphenol contents of cooked rice added with glutinous rice and fermented alcohol were significantly distinct, but there was no significant difference. Total flavonoid contents were increased as increasing the amounts of glutinous rice. Total flavonoid contents by general cooking method of cooked rice added with 20% glutinous rice and fermented alcohol were $23.20{\pm}0.61{\mu}g\;CE/g$. DPPH radical scavenging activities added with and without glutinous rice were 2.97~5.19 and 3.19~5.45 mg TE/100 g, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activities by high pressure cooking method of cooked rice added with 20% glutinous rice and fermented alcohol were $19.48{\pm}0.63mg\;TE/100g$. In this study, cooking and antioxidant characteristics of cooked rice added with glutinous rice were expected to be used as basic data on manufacturing processed products.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2015

Excavated archaeological cast iron objects in improper storage are quickly corroded and disintegrated into block and powder finally. Hence desalination treatment which is a way of removing internal corrosive factors, especially chloride ion, is an important process. But desalination is often omitted or objects are dehydrated by alcohol because the destruction of objects could occur during desalting. Although current desalting methods mostly use an aqueous alkali solution, $OH^-$ ions of water could accelerate corrosion and broaden internal cracks cause of high surface tension. Therefore this study experimented desalting using ethyl alcohol, which is low surface tension, to investigate an effect of desalination. As a result, desalting using ethyl alcohol showed the similar or more effective results of desalting using water. In addition, as aspects of desalting safety, ethyl alcohol desalting method was smaller destruction of objects and extraction of Fe from the objects than the aqueous alkali solution. However, this study explored the possibility of desalting methods using organic solvent in fieldwork, so the results would provide basic date for making the safe and effective desalting method for archaeological cast iron objects through further experiments.