• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.653-660
• /
• 2013

Acaiberry(Euterpe oleracea Mart.) was partially substituted from the formula for juak and the subsequent effects on the physiochemical and physical characteristics. And this study was carried out to standardize the recipe of acaiberry-juak. Acaiberry powder was added in 0(control), 1, 3 and 5% substitution ratios by weight per glutinous rice flour. Also, acaiberry puree was added in 3, 6 and 9% substitution ratios by weight water. The moisture contents showed juak with addition of acaiberry contents were lower then control. The diameter of the juak decreased with increasing levels of the added acaiberry powder and puree, whereas the height increased with increasing amount of the powder and puree. The Hunter colorimeteric L-values of the dough and acaiberry-juak decreased as the amount of acaiberry powder and puree increased. Hunter a and b-values both increased with increasing levels of the acaiberry powder and puree. Textural characteristics there were increase in hardness, springiness, chewiness as the amount of acaiberry powder and puree increased(p<.001). Cohesiveness were not significantly different as the level of acaiberry powder and puree increased(p<.001). The anti-oxidant capacity results, anthocyanin, DPPH radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, Nitrate-scavenging ability tended to increased by according to the addition acaiberry powder and puree(p<.001). As measured DSC, the onset temperature and enthalpy were accordingly increased during storage period as the acaiberry contents were higher then control. According to sensory evaluation results, the after swallowing, appearance, flavor, taste and texture of juak was acaiberry powder 1% and acaiberry puree 6% proper score is recorded. Overall acceptability of acaiberry juak powder 1%, puree 6% percent of the additives are also the highest mark in the sensory characteristics. Also aciberry powder addition of more than demonstrate a good reputation in the development juak will suggest more appropriate form of puree.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 1976

This study was focused on the improvement of production techniques of small crucibles in relation with the appropriate selection of raw materials, various batch compositions and physical and chemical characteristics of the crucibles. Various tests gave the optimum batch composition for the carbon bond graphite cructble as follows: Pyontaek graphite flake (refractory aggregate) : 40Part Silicon carbide: 15Part Tar pitch (binder) : 11Part Inorganic additives (to improve the oxidation resistance) : 15 Part Cryolite : 3 Part Ferro manganese : 2 Part Ferrosilicon : 25 Part Crucibles pressed with 400kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 12$0^{\circ}C$. and fired in reducing atmosphere at 120$0^{\circ}C$ brought the most favorable results as follows: Bulk density : 2.31 Apparent density : 2.58 Porosity : 15.2% Oxidation loss at 1, 50$0^{\circ}C$. for 3 hrs : below 3.77% Water absorption : 6.01% Compressive strength : 438kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ Tensile strength : 256kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.11 no.12
• /
• pp.1291-1298
• /
• 2002

To utilize coastal aquaculture ground bottom sediment in which concentrations of harmful pollutants are low and organic content is high as an organic fertilizer alkaline stabilizers such as CaO, Oyster shell, Mg(OH)$_2$ were added to the bottom sediment organic additives of livestock or food wastes. Nutritive qualities of crude fertilizers were measured to examine effects of alkaline stabilizers and organic waste additions. The Mg(OH)$_2$-added crude fertilizer had significantly lower total carbon(T-C) and nitrogen(T-N) content, reflecting the dilution effect due to great amount of Mg(OH)$_2$ addition. However, the addition of oyster shell had no significant effect on the T-C and T-N content of the fertilizer. $P_2O_5$ and $K_2$O content was considerably higher in the mixed sample of aquaculture ground bottom sediments and livestock wastes than in the mixture of the sediments and food wastes, resulting from higher $P_2O_5$ and $K_2$O content in livestock wastes. Addition of Mg(OH)$_2$ increased the content of MgO In the crude fertilizer but significantly reduced the content of other nutritive elements such as $P_2O_5$, $K_2$O and CaO. Addition of oyster shell as an alkaline stabilizer seemed to have the advantage of saving time and expenses far dryness due to its role as a modulator of water content. Moreover, additions of effect Mg(OH)$_2$ decreased the concentrations of heavy metals in the fertilizer by the dilution while additions of oyster shell had no influence on heavy metal concentrations in the fertilizer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.9
• /
• pp.1294-1299
• /
• 2002

The study aimed to evaluate the influence of molasses in ensiling cassava and Gliricidia tops, common crop residues in the farming systems of Vietnam. Four levels of sugarcane molasses: 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg per tonne of fresh material, and two storage periods (2 and 4 months) for each of the two plant species: Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) and Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium, Jacq.) were allocated in a 4${\times}$2 factorial completely randomized block design with 3 replicates. A total of 48 plastic bags, each one containing 10 kg herbage were used. Based on the colour, smell and mold appearance, all the silages were considered to be acceptable but with more spoiled silages with higher levels of additives. DM of herbages (25.8% and 22.4% in cassava and Gliricidia tops, respectively) were not changed during ensiling and the molasses additive had no significant effect on the silage DM. Contents of CP and NDF in the cassava tops silage decreased significantly with increased level of molasses and storage period, respectively. The mean pH values of non-molasses silages were 4.39 in cassava tops and 4.60 in Gliricidia tops. Increased additive levels significantly reduced silage pH in Gliricidia (p<0.01) but not in cassava tops silage (p=0.10). Longer storage period significantly reduced pH in both silages. The water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations of cassava tops and Gliricidia tops were reduced by 90 and 80%, respectively, after ensiling. Molasses addition increased significantly the silage WSC concentrations. HCN contents in the fresh cassava and Gliricidia tops were reduced by 68 and 43%, respectively, after 2 months ensiling, and were continuously reduced during storage. A reduction of 25% and 42% in the tannin content of fresh cassava and Gliricidia tops, respectively was found after ensiling. Storage time and molasses additive had little affect on the tannin content. Silage lactic acid concentrations were around 1,0% of DM in cassava and 1.7% of DM in Gliricidia top silages, and no effect of molasses additive and storage time was found. It is concluded that cassava and Gliricidia tops residues can be preserved successfully by ensiling, and only low levels of molasses additive are needed to improve silage fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.278-282
• /
• 2006

The powdered boil-dried oyster (C), the powdered smoke-dried oyster (OS-1) and the powdered smoke-dried oyster scrap (OS-2) were examined for their taste-active components, quality characteristics for potential utilization as a natural flavoring substance. The free amino acid level of OS-l and OS-2 were 395.6 mg/100 g and 551.5 mg/100 g, respectively, and that of betaine of OS-1 and OS-2 were 164.6 mg/100 g and 214.9 mg/100 g, respectively. The contents of inorganic ions were rich in Na, K, P, Ca and Mg in that order. Major free amino acids were taurine, glutamic acid, proline, alanine and glycine. The extract condition of the OS-1 and OS-2 the instant soup was the most appropriate at $98^{\circ}C$ for 1-5 min. The hot water extract of OS-1 and OS-2 with additives such as salt, sugar, pepper and onion powder had a good organoleptic qualities compared with the conventional flavoring substances in a local market. We conclude that powdered smoke-dried oyster and its scrap can be commercialized.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 2013

Recently, there are growing interests on carbon emissions related in climate change which is worldwide emerging important issue. Some research works are now carrying out in order to reduce the carbon emission in pulp and paper industries by the synthesis of precipitated calcium carbonate using the exhaust carbon dioxide from combustion furnace or incinerator. However, for solving the original problems on carbon emission, we need to consider the analysis of basic methodology on $CO_2$ through the process efficiencies. There are two general tools for carbon emissions; one is the greenhouse gas inventory and the other is $LCCO_2$ method which is applied to particular items of raw materials and utilities in unit process. In this study, the carbon emissions in wood-containing printing paper production line were calculated by using $LCCO_2$ method. The general materials and utilities for paper production, such as fibrous materials, chemical additives, electric power, steam, and industrial water were analyzed. As the results, $Na_2SiO_3$ showed the highest loads in carbon emissions, and the total amount of carbon emissions was the highest in electricity. In the production line of printing paper using de-inked pulp and BTMP, as the mixing ratio of DIP was higher, the carbon emissions were decreased because of high use of electric power in TMP process.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 1999

To use the agricultural residues as the raw material of molded packaging material, the packaging trays were manufactured from rice-straw pulp. The physical properties were measured to compare non-treated trays with the addition trays, such as the addition of starch, rosin size, carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC), polyethylene glycol(PEG), alkylketene dimer(AKD), polyacryl amide(PAM). The results were as follows : 1. In the addition of starch, air permeability at addition of 5% was highest. Bursting strength and tensile strength were smaller than non-treated trays. 2. In the addition of rosin size, air permeability, bursting strength and tensile strength were smaller than non-treated trays. 3. In the addition of CMC, air permeability was higher than non-treated trays. Bursting strength and tensile strength were similar to non-treated trays. 4. In the addition of PEG, air permeability was higher than non-treated trays. Bursting strength at addition of 3% was the highest and tensile strength was smaller than non-treated trays. 5. In the addition of AKD, air permeability at addition of 1% and 5% was higher than non-treated trays. Bursting strength and tensile strength were smaller than non-treated trays. 6. In the addition of PAM, air permeability at addition of 0.01% was the highest. Tensile strength at addition of 0.01% were higher than non-treated trays. 7. The water absorption of the trays decreased with increasing adding of natural additives.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 1988

This study was carried out to discuss a colorimetric method for the determination of nitrite in meat products issued by the Ministry of Health and Social Affaires of Korea (1985). 1) The recovery rates of nitrite of test solution extracted in the room temperature were higher than those obtained by the heating extraction. 2) In the room temperature, samples prepared with the sUce were more effective than the blendina method and the distlled water as extractina solvent for nitrite was more effective tban tbe phospbate buffer solution. 3) The extracting time showed that thirty minutes were enough to extract nitrite and the diazotizingcoupling reagents, 30% of sulfanilamide and N-l-naphthylethyienediamine were better than others. 4) The nitrite in a test soiution greatly decreased when the solution was distilled. In this case, the test solution should be used as a control. 5) Ten minutes were enough to couple nitrite.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.7-28
• /
• 1993

본 총설에서는 새로운 방부제와 방부처리 기술의 현재 발전 동향을 요약, 보고한다. 많은 새로운 방부제들이 약제의 독성 측면에서 환경적인 충격을 완화시킬 수 있는 잠재성을 가지고 있지만, 방부제로서 상업화되기 위해서는 이러한 약제들은 약제의 효능과 환경 안전성 간의 몇 가지 상호 조정 관계가 반드시 해결되어야 한다. Ammoniacal copper 계통의 방부제들이 지접부 사용에 적합한 새로운 수용성 방부제들의 주종을 이루고 있으며, 기존의 유용성 방부제들을 물에 용해한 emulsion 형태도 지접부 사용의 가능성을 보여 준다. 새로운 유용성 방부제 중에서 copper naphthenate, substituted isothiazolones, chlorothalonil, oxine copper가 지접부 사용을 위한 최상의 후보로 평가되고 있다. 유용성 방부제를 emulsion 형태로 사용하는 것은 유용성 방부제에 사용되는 석유 계통 용제의 소비를 감소시키기 때문에 중대한 의미를 가진다. 방부제들의 효능을 개선하고 강화시키기 위해 사용되는 첨가제들도 본 총설에서 거론된다. 재질개량을 위해 사용되는 비통상적인 방법(nonconventional system)들도 생물학적 열화 및 기상열화에 대한 저항성을 부여하여 목재의 사용수명을 증가시킨다. 전처리 공정에서 침상 자상처리(Needle incising)와 레이져 자상처리는 난주입 수종의 처리도를 개선시킬 수 있는 잠재성을 가지고 있다. 처리기술에 있어서 여러 가지 혁신적인 변화들은 기존의 처리 schedule을 조성함에 그 기본을 두고 있다. 난주입 수종의 처리도 개선은 pulsation법이나 고압 약제 분사법 (high energy liquid jets) 같은 고압을 적용하는 처리법에 의해서 달성된다. 미래의 처리공장들은 방부제를 기체상태로 또는 물질의 임계점 이상에서 방부제를 처리할 수도 있다. 이러한 새로운 접근은 외관이 깨끗하고, 처리도도 매우 양호한 처리재를 생산하는데 일조하리라 기대한다. 환경에 대한 대중적인 지대한 관심은 앞으로 목재 방부산업에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 보인다. 결과적으로 방부제의 처리목재내 가속 정착에 관한 연구에 상당한 노력이 투자될 것이다. 처리 후 가공에 관한 다른 주요한 연구는 방부제 처리 후 실시되는 재건조가 처리재의 역학적 성질에 미치는 영향에 대한 것이다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.257-261
• /
• 2009

Effective therapeutics for renal failures have not yet been developed until now. Recently, there was a report showing that Wen-pi-tang-Hab-Wu-ling-san (WHW) prescriptions had the potential to prevent renal failures through the increased expression of HSP-27 and HSP-72 after ischemia/reperfusion. Therefore, formulation studies by pH-specific released systems were carried out to exhibit the optimal activity of WHW prescriptions in this study. WHW prescriptions were separately extracted using water into two parts of stomach-released (SR) and intestine-released (IR) extracts. Subsequently, the double-layered tablet was prepared using the SR extracts and pharmaceutical additives and enteric-coated IR tablet. Dissolution studies were carried out to figure out the release of cinnamic acid and icarrin from SR tablet, IR tablet and double-layered tablet, respectively. The complete release of cinnamic acid from SR tablet showed 90min after dissolution in pH 1.2 and insignificant drug released from IR tablet. As well as, icarrin from IR tablet completely released in pH 6.8 and 7.4 as enteric-coating film dissolved.