Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.1294

Effect of Molasses on Nutritional Quality of Cassava and Gliricidia Tops Silage  

Van Man, Ngo (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture and Forestry)
Wiktorsson, Hans (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture and Forestry)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.15, no.9, 2002 , pp. 1294-1299 More about this Journal
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the influence of molasses in ensiling cassava and Gliricidia tops, common crop residues in the farming systems of Vietnam. Four levels of sugarcane molasses: 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg per tonne of fresh material, and two storage periods (2 and 4 months) for each of the two plant species: Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) and Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium, Jacq.) were allocated in a 4${\times}$2 factorial completely randomized block design with 3 replicates. A total of 48 plastic bags, each one containing 10 kg herbage were used. Based on the colour, smell and mold appearance, all the silages were considered to be acceptable but with more spoiled silages with higher levels of additives. DM of herbages (25.8% and 22.4% in cassava and Gliricidia tops, respectively) were not changed during ensiling and the molasses additive had no significant effect on the silage DM. Contents of CP and NDF in the cassava tops silage decreased significantly with increased level of molasses and storage period, respectively. The mean pH values of non-molasses silages were 4.39 in cassava tops and 4.60 in Gliricidia tops. Increased additive levels significantly reduced silage pH in Gliricidia (p<0.01) but not in cassava tops silage (p=0.10). Longer storage period significantly reduced pH in both silages. The water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations of cassava tops and Gliricidia tops were reduced by 90 and 80%, respectively, after ensiling. Molasses addition increased significantly the silage WSC concentrations. HCN contents in the fresh cassava and Gliricidia tops were reduced by 68 and 43%, respectively, after 2 months ensiling, and were continuously reduced during storage. A reduction of 25% and 42% in the tannin content of fresh cassava and Gliricidia tops, respectively was found after ensiling. Storage time and molasses additive had little affect on the tannin content. Silage lactic acid concentrations were around 1,0% of DM in cassava and 1.7% of DM in Gliricidia top silages, and no effect of molasses additive and storage time was found. It is concluded that cassava and Gliricidia tops residues can be preserved successfully by ensiling, and only low levels of molasses additive are needed to improve silage fermentation.
Keywords
Molasses Additive; Cassava Tops Silage; Gliricidia Tops Silage; Chemical Composition;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 2  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 9
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ahn, J. H., B. M. Robertson, R. Elliot, R. C. Gutteridge and C. W. Ford. 1989. Quality assessment of tropical browse legumes: Tannin content and protein degradation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 27:147-156.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Aminah, A., A. C. Bakar and A. Izham. 1999. Silages from Tropical Forages: Nutritional Quality and Milk Production. FAO Electronic Conference on Tropical Silage 1999. Rome.http://www.fao.org./
3 Lingvall, P. and B. Ericson. 1981. Dry matter determination of silage. (Mimeo. Swedish Univ. of Agric. Sci., dept. of Anim. Nutr., Report 45). Uppsala.
4 McDonald, R., R. A. Edwards and J. F. D. Greenhalgh. 1991. Animal Nutrition (4th edition). Longman Scientific & Technical, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
5 MINITAB for windows. 1998. MINITAB release 12.21, Minitab Inc., 3081 Enterprise Drive, State College, PA 16801-3008, 814-238-3280, USA.
6 Nitis, I. M. 1991. Fodder trees and livestock production under harsh environment. Asian Livestock, October 1989:116-120.
7 Phuc, B. H. N., B. Ogle and J. E. Lindberg. 2000. Effect of replacing soybean protein with cassava leaf protein in cassava root meal based diets for growing pigs on digestibility and N retention. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 83:223-235.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Ravindran, V. 1993. Preparation of cassava leaf products and their use as animal feeds. In roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in animal feeding. FAO electronic publication Rome.http: //www.fao.org./
9 VanSoest, P. J. and L. B. Robertson. 1980. Systems of analysis for evaluating fibrous feeds. In: Standardization of Analytical Methodology for Feeds: Proceeding of a Workshop Help in Ottawa (Ed. W. J. Pigden, C. C. Balch and M. Graham). Canada, pp. 49-60.
10 Morrison, I. M. 1979. Changes in the cell wall components of laboratory silages and the effect of various additives on these changes. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 93:581-586.   DOI
11 Maldonado, R. A. P., B. W. Norton and G. L. Kerven. 1995. Factors affecting in vitro formation of tannin-protein complexes. J. Sci. Food Agric. 69:291-298.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 AOAC. 1984. Official methods of analysis. 12th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
13 Lattemae, P. 1997. Ensiling and Evaluation of Forage Crops. Effects of harvesting strategy and use of additives to fresh-cut and wilted crops. Doctoral thesis. Swedish Univ. Agric. Sci. Agraria 32. Uppsala.
14 Ella, A. 1988. Evaluation and productibility of forage tree legumes grow at various densities and cutting frequencies alone or with a companion grass. University of New England Armidale Autralia. M.Sc. thesis (Rural Science), p. 118.
15 Haigh, P. M. and J. W. G. Parker. 1985. Effect of silage additives and wilting on silage fermentation, digestibility and intake, and on live weight change of young cattle. Grass and Forage Science, 40:429-436.   DOI
16 Chen, C. P., R. A. Halim and F. Y. Chin. 1991. Fodder trees and fodder shrubs in range and farming systems of the Asian and Pacific region. In: Legume Trees and Other Fodder Trees as Protein Sources for Livestock. (Ed. A. Speedy and P. L. Pugliese). Proceedings of a workshop in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 14-18 October, 11-12.
17 Pettersson, K. 1988. Ensiling of forages. Factors affecting silage fermentation and quality. Dissertation, Swedish Univ. of Agri. Sci., report 179. Uppsala.
18 Zelter, S. 1960. Fermentation beharviour of Lucerne ensiled by different methods. Proc. 8th Intern. Grassl. Congr., Reading, 505-510.
19 McDonald, P. 1981. The Biochemistry of Silage. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester.
20 Lattemae, P., C. Olsson and P. Lingvall. 1996. The combined effect of molasses and formic acid on quality of red clover silage. Swedish J. Agric. Res. 26:31-41.
21 Gomez, G. and M. Valdivieso. 1984. Cassava for animal feeding: effect of variety and plant age on production of leaves and roots. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 11:49-55.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Hang, D. T. 1998. Digestibility and nitrogen retention in fattening pigs fed different levels of ensiled cassava root as energy source. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 10(3), 1998.
23 Rodriguez, N. M., A. L. C. C. Borges, L. C. Goncalves, C. P. Zago and A. C. Lara. 1998. Forage sorhum silages with different tannin and moisture contents in the stem. III. Effects on nitrogenous compounds. Arquivo Brasileiro de medicina veterinaria e zootecnia. 50:161-165.
24 Albrecht, K. A. and R. E. Muck. 1991. Proteolysis in ensiled forage legumes that vary in tannin concentration. Crop Science, 31:464-469.   DOI
25 Carpintero, C. M., A. R. Henderson and P. McDonald. 1979. The effect of some pre-treatments on proteolysis during the ensiling of herbage. Grass and Forage Sci. 40:85-92.   DOI
26 Mahyuddin, P., D. A. Little and J. B. Lowry. 1988. Drying treatment drastically affects feed evaluation and feed quality with certain tropical forages species. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 22:69-78.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Nishino, N., A. Sasaki and S. Uchida. 1999. Impact of ensiling on cell wall carbohydrates assessed by chemical analysis and ruminal fibrolytic enzyme activity. The XIIth International Silage Conference, Uppsala Sweden July 5-7, 1999. Conference proceedings pp. 237-238.