• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.850-862
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to survey the actual conditions of wastewater treatment facilities to obtain basic data for the management of wastewater from industrial complexes in Chungcheongnam-do province. Wastewater production flow per site area by watersheds was $49.2m^3/km^2/d$ for Sapgyoho, $8.1m^3/km^2/d$ for Anseongcheon, $5.7m^3/km^2/d$ for Seohae, and $2.9m^3/km^2/d$ for Geumgang. Sapgyoho showed 75% of the total production flow, which was the highest value, Geumgang showed 4% of total flow, which was the lowest value. Average total extra rate as production flow/capacity flow in the wastewater treatment facilities for industrial complex is 49%. Considering by watersheds, the extra rates of Seohae, Geumgang, Anseongcheon, and Sapgyoho, are 73%, 65%, 62%, and 33% respectively. This means that the design of capacity flow in wastewater treatment facilities was too large. Effluent concentration of wastewater treatment facilities did not exceed discharge limit mostly. The removal efficiency rate for water quality item was 90% in BOD, 70% in COD, 80% in SS, 30 to 80% in TN, and 20 to 90% in TP, so the organic removal was good, but the nutrient removal was low and interval of variation was high. The removal efficiency rate of the agricultural was industrial complexes is lower than the national and local complexes. The construction cost of the wastewater treatment facilities in Chungcheongnam-do was $1,756Won\;per\;m^3$, treatment cost was $189Won\;per\;m^3$, and they were about two times and 1.2 times higher than the nation-wide cost, respectively. The treatment cost consists of 39% for man power, 21% for chemical, 16% for power, 11% for sludge treatment, and 13% for others.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2011

With an increasing livestock population, animal manure production has been steadily increasing in Korea. This trend has forced farmers to spend more money for animal manure treatment in their farm. Therefore, research utilizing animal manure as a renewable resources has become increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to develop a stable advanced wastewater treatment system can be applied to conventional animal wastewater treatment processes and evaluate its contribution to reduce effluent discharge volume by recycling as flushing water. AOP (advanced oxidation process) process improved wastewater treatment efficiency in terms of color, suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Due to the addition of Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), pathogens, Salmonella and E. coli, reduction was accomplished. To enhance ozone treatment effect, three levels of ozone test on secondary effluent of pig slurry purification system were conducted. At the level of 5 g/hr, 6.7 g/hr and 8.4 g/hr color of secondary effluent of pig slurry purification system were decreased from 2,433 to 2,199, 2,433 to 1,980 and 2,433 to 243, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2010

Technology-Based Effluent Limitations (TBELs) is a permit limits for a pollutant that is based on the capability of a treatment technology to reduce the pollutant to a certain concentration. Widely practiced for regulations of industrial wastewater in US, TBELs has been accepted as an effective means that can achieve balanced goals between complete elimination of pollutants discharge and economic feasibility for industries. The review of TBELs application in US and the applicability of TBELs to the domestic industry categories was given in three papers. In the first paper, the development and practices of TBELs in US were reviewed including case studies. The developments of TBELs in US in the four major categories, the metal products & machinery, the petroleum refining, the porcelain enameling and the meat & poultry products were reviewed. The applicability of TBELs to the domestic industrial categories was also assessed. In the second paper, the pollution loads analysis for domestic industrial wastewater was conducted based on risk assessment indicator using Toxic Weighting Factors (TWFs). This is an essential part to determine the priority of TBELs application for the domestic industrial categories. In the last paper, the application of TBELs to the domestic industries was demonstrated through a case-study for the pulp/paper/paperboard category. Direct application of TBELs of US into the Korean regulation system may not be desirable because the specific goals and the environment for the regulations for the two countries may not be identical. For example, unlike US, Korea does not adopt the individual permit system for pollution sources. However, among the unproductive and exhaustive controversies over the uniform regulations regardless of the industrial categories in Korea, the introduction of the principles of TBELs are inevitable and more extensive study for applications of TBELs optimized for Korean regulation system will be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 2007

The paper presents results of qualitative analysis of non-regulated organic pollutants in municipal wastewater and treated municipal wastewater with flocculation, ozone and UV process using GC-MS. The majority of the pollutants in the influent of the municipal wastewater treatment facility were either food related or due to the diffuse discharge from products used both in households and in industry. In the case of biological treatment process removed some organic pollutants effectively. But some organic pollutants were not removed with biological treatment. Thus, additional steps to improve the quality of effluent municipal wastewater will require a more rigorous control of consumer products used in household and municipal wastewater process using advanced treatment processs. The obtained data contributed to the evaluation of pollutants discharges to the ecosystem as well as to the characterization of pollution sources in the basin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.28 no.spc
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 2022

It is necessary to establish a marine environment management system in Korea for hazardous noxious substances (HNS) effluent from marine industrial facilities because the Marine Environment Management Act primarily focuses on pollution control from vessels and offshore man-made structures. In this study, we investigated the effluent guidelines of foreign cases focusing on the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), which provides detailed information on the action levels and establishing principles for the industrial wastewater discharge of HNS. Based on the review, we also considered appropriate options for establishing new guidelines for Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.377-386
• /
• 2010

To identify operating parameters of the up-flow filtering system, which is available to discharge filtering residue after the rain, developed for treatment of urban storm runoff, lab scale test was carried out. Removal efficiency of SS was 68.7%, 62.2%, and 58.6% at the area roading rate of 2.46m/h, 4.68m/h, and 10m/h, respectively, filtering device is desirable to operate at the lower than 4.68m/h of area roading rate to get higher level of 60% SS removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of SS was 57.1% ~ 68.7% at the raw water SS of 100mg/L ~ 600mg/L, and the SS in treated water was maintained at the constant level through the elapsed time. It is indicate that filtering device can guarantee a certain level of effluent water quality at various raw water quality. The removal efficiency of SS to the depth of filter media was 68.3%, 78.6% at the filter depth of 10 cm, 20cm respectively. The final treated water quality was showed 30.2mg/L of CODMn, 1.60mg/L of TN and 0.25mg/L of TP. The average removal efficiencies by filtering device developed in this research were recorded slightly lower levels than other research. The main reason of these results were the first, the filter depth of the media used in this test was shallow, the second, the kind of filter media in discharge port of residue. More research to kind of filter media, filter packing rate, select of media for residue discharge port should be go on to produce optimum operating condition. The result of this study would be valuable for the application of filtration device to control of urban storm water.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the partial oxidation of the biological treatment plant effluents using Fenton's reagent as a pretreatment step prior to a tertiary biological oxidation of these effluents. Fenton's reagent was evaluated as a pretreatment process for inhibitory or refractory organics. Based on the Fenton oxidation system, the petrochemical wastewater treatment plant effluent was shown to have significant improvement in toxicity after oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. For example, at ranee of 42 ∼ 184 mg/L COD of petrochemical plant effluents, the COD removal efficiencies were from 38.2% to 60.1% after reaction with hydrogen peroxide 200 mg/L and Fe2+ 100 mg/L and reaction time was 30 minutes. The total TOC reduction were about 15.8∼22.4% with same test condition and difference between the overall removal rate and BOD/COD ratio after Fenton's oxidation estabilished in the biodegradation and otherwise meets the discharge standard or reuse for cooling tower make-up water.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.259-268
• /
• 2004

For the last years, it has become hot issue such as disposal of the treated wastewater, which caused by increment of a population and industrial development at the coastal areas. The ocean outfall system discharges primary or secondary treated effluent into coastline or at the deep water, or between these two. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the see, surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding salt water and becomes very dilute. This paper deals ocean outfall design which effects to decision-making about marine environment management and wastewater treatment. In order to make predictions of dilution of discharged water and the trajectory of a plume, CORMIX has been used considering several elements including a seasonal and tidal changes. These solutions are strung together to provide basic data and general drawings for effective management of outfall.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.205-214
• /
• 2007

Surface water and sediment samples collected from the Mokpo coast of Korea were analyzed for molecular markers of organic municipal wastewaters, i.e., 11 fecal sterols including coprostanol (Cop) and nonylphenolic compounds (NPs), to characterize the main routes of these wastewaters to the coast and to assess contamination levels. Concentrations of Cop ranged from 94 to 7,568 ng/L in surface water and from 43 to 38,108 ng/g dry weight in sediments. Concentrations of NPs [nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol mono- and di-ethoxylates ($NP_{1-2}EOs$)] ranged from 123 to 4,729 ng/L in surface water and from 4 to 2,119 ng/ng dry weight in sediments. The levels of these compounds were much higher at stations near the rivers that pass through the urban center of Mokpo and the outfall of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The spatial distribution of Cop levels was statistically similar to that of NPs (r=0.809 and 0.982 in surface water and sediments, respectively), indicating that these compounds may have similar discharge points, transport, mixing, and deposition in the study area. These results suggest that considerable amounts of organic wastewater compounds are discharged through rivers and WWTP effluent to the Mokpo coast.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.34 no.2 s.94
• /
• pp.119-125
• /
• 2001

Total bacterial density was investigated in the main stream and tributaries of the Kyongan Stream and inlet parts of Paltang Reservoir from September 2000 to February 2001 by acridine orange direct count (AODC) method. Total bacterial number in the Kyongan Stream was mainly under influence of the effluent discharge of sewage wastewater treatment plant (SWTP) located in the upstream or downstream. Decreasing rate with water flowing distance (km) in the main stream is $0.13\;{\time}\;10^6$ cells/ml, and it was estimated to much accumulating quantity on the stream bed during transport to downstream. Average values of total bacterial number in September${\sim}$October, November and December${\sim}$February were range $1.74{\sim}3.10{\time}10^6$, $1.86{\sim}7.30{\time}10^6$ and $4.56{\sim}8.75{\time}10^6$cells/ml, respectively, and were high at low temperature than that of high temperature period. Total bacterial number was more abundant at below $10^{\circ}C$ with $2.1{\sim}3.0$ folds than at above $10^{\circ}C$. Water quality by total bacterial number was classify to eutrophic and the potential of wastewater treated effluent for the microbial contamination assessed to very high. The results of this study indicate that the management of point source, SWTP effluent, is urgent to mitigate bacterial impact of Paltang Reservoir as well as the Kyongan Stream.