• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2016

The centrifugal separator which uses gravity separation method for oil-water separation, rotating at high-speed, is one of the most commonly used device for controlling the amount of the oil in waste water collected in bilge. The IMO (International Maritime Organization) has set regulations, also known as MARPOL 73/78, for the prevention of marine pollution. In addition, DET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV) has set standards regarding the assignment of Environmental Class Notation, CLEAN or CLEAN DESIGN, of ships. One of the requirements for classification is that in addition to conforming to MARPOL 73/78, more stringent measures must be taken as well. One of these measures is to limit the oil concentration in bilge water to less than 5ppm. So in this study, an Oil-Water Separator (OWS) is used together with multiple separating plates as a filtration system to be used as an oil-water separation device. The OWS operates using centrifugal separation in which the mixture is separated by centrifugal forces. The main purpose of this paper is to present the OWS separation efficiency according to the rotation speed, mass-flow rate, the angle and the number of stacked layers of the laminated plate using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Improvements to the device will be investigated from these results.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2017

Background: The concrete walls inside the vaults of cyclotron facilities are activated by neutrons emitted by the targets during radioisotope production. Reducing the amount of radioactive waste created in such facilities is very important in case they are decommissioned. Thus, we proposed a strategy of reducing the neutron activation of the concrete walls in cyclotrons during operation. Materials and Methods: A polyethylene plate and B-doped Al sheet (30 wt% of B and 2.5 mm in thickness) were placed in front of the wall in the cyclotron room of a radioisotope production facility for pharmaceutical use. The target was Xe gas, and a Cu block was utilized for proton dumping. The irradiation time, proton energy, and beam current were 8 hours, 30 MeV, and $125{\mu}A$, respectively. To determine a suitable thickness for the polyethylene plate set in front of the B-doped Al sheet, the neutron-reducing effects achieved by inserting such sheets at several depths within polyethylene plate stacks were evaluated. The neutron fluence was monitored using an activation detector and 20-g on de Au foil samples with and without 0.5-mm-thick Cd foil. Each Au foil sample was pasted onto the center of a polyethylene plate and B-doped Al sheet, and the absolute activity of one Au foil sample was measured as a standard using a Ge detector. The resulting relative activities were obtained by calculating the ratio of the photostimulated luminescence of each foil sample to that of the standard Au foil. Results and Discussion: When the combination of a 4-cm-thick polyethylene plate and B-doped Al sheet was employed, the thermal neutron rate was reduced by 78%. Conclusion: The combination of a 4-cm-thick polyethylene plate and B-doped Al sheet effectively reduced the neutron activation of the investigated concrete wall.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2012

HC-SCR was conducted over Co-Pt/ZSM5 catalyst coated over 200 cpsi cordierite in the condition of atomspheric pressure and $200^{\circ}C-500^{\circ}C$. Weight ratio of Co/Pt determined from EDX analysis was 8/2, which was almost equal to the weight ratio at preparation step. XPS showed that nitrates within cobalt precursor and chlorine withn Pt precursor were removed. TEM result demonstrated that crystallite size of cobalt and Pt was under 5nm. Among these tested hydrocarbon reductants, isobutane ($i-C_4H_{10}$) showed the highest de-$NO_x$ yield of 80% under the condition of the mole ratio of reductant/NOx=1.0 at $180^{\circ}C$. De-$NO_x$ yield from HC-SCR was increased as the carbon number of hydrocarbon reductant was increased. The decrease of bonding energy between C and H of HC reductant played a role to increase of de-$NO_x$ yield, which indicated that the dissociation step of C-H bond of hydrocarbon molecule might be the rate determining step of HC-SCR. The increase of oxygen concentration in the feed resulted in the decrease of de-$NO_x$ yield but the increase of CO and $N_2O$ yield.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.396-399
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• 2007

폐 EPS 열분해반응으로부터 원료인 스티렌모노머를 회수하는 반응과정에서 오일의 생성과 스티렌모노머, 에틸벤젠, 알파메틸스티렌 및 dimer와 같은 오일의 조성은 반응 잔류물에 큰 영향을 받으므로 새로운 반응기의 개발을 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 회분식반응기와 달리 주입되는 원료가 벽을 통해 흐르면서 반응하고 생성되는 잔류물은 연속적으로 외부로 배출됨에 따라 생성오일의 조성에 영향을 주지 않도록 고안한 새로운 형태의 wetted-wall 형 반응기를 제안하였다. Wetted-wall 형 반응기를 이용하여 반응온도, 원료주입속도를 비롯하여 반응기 내부의 증발가스를 배출시키기 위해 주입되는 질소 유량 등의 변수들을 고찰하였다. 또한 반응으로부터 선정된 최적조건으로부터 연속운전을 수행하여 스티렌모노머의 수율은 65% 이상의 일정한 수준으로 유지되는 결과를 얻었다.

• 청정기술
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2014

전 세계적으로 환경 및 자원 위기로 인해 신재생 에너지원으로 폐기물의 에너지화에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 따라서 폐기물 에너지화 기술 중 연소 기술인 동력 보일러 대상으로 연소 안정성과 고효율을 확보할 수 있는 고열분해 방식의 보일러에 대한 기술 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 비성형 플라스틱 폐기물을 연소 시킬 수 있는 고속 열분해 건류 보일러 개발에 앞서 수치해석을 통해 연소성과 환경성을 평가하고 안정적 운전 조건을 도출하여 고속 열분해 보일러의 기술 개발을 위한 설계 및 운전 에 대한 기초 자료를 제공함에 있다. 이를 위해 약 100만개 격자로 구성된 3차원 형상 모델링을 진행하였으며 연료의 상태량 분석을 실시하여 수치해석의 입력 값으로 활용하였다. 또한 상태량을 바탕으로 하여 해석 조건을 수립하였으며, 연료의 발열량과 투입량 변화에 따른 보일러 내 온도 및 연소 및 배출가스 특성을 분석하여 안정적 운전 조건을 제안하였다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.459-465
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• 2007

This study was conducted to calculate the LCC of a apartment complex with a type of heating system, district heating and cogeneration system. For the purpose of analyzing LCC according to size of apartment complex, 500, 1,500 and 4,000 houses of model apartment selected. This research performs design of heating system and the life cycle cost analysis including an initial cost, energy cost, maintenance and operation cost, replacement cost and renovation cost during the project period(15years). According to the calculated results, 1) Initial cost of cogeneration system with 500, 1500 and 4000 houses is higher than district heating system each of 20%, 13%, 12%. 2) In case of cogeneration system, the payback period by electric generation is 5.21, 4.92 and 4.47 years and saving cost was calculated 29 billion won, 94 billion won and 262 billion won after payback period. 3) Cogeneration system LCC was 1.12, 1.07 and 1.06 times larger than district system with the size of apartment complex. According to the case of this study district heating system is more efficient than cogeneration system in terms of the reduction of LCC. 4) Gas Engine Co-generation System is more efficient than other systems because it can collect progressive part from electric charge progressive stage system. However, the efficiency is decreasing because of raising of fuel bills(LNG) and lowering of power rate for house use. Especially the engine is foreign-made so the cost of maintenance and repair is high and the technical expert is short. 5) District heating is also affected by fuel bills so we should improve energy efficiency through recovering of waste heat(incineration heat, etc.). Also, we should supply district cooling on the pattern of heat using of let the temperature high in winter and low in summer.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.718-726
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• 2008

The cooling load in winter is significant in buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the high efficiency of wall insulation. Hence, the development of a multi-heat pump that can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this study, the performance of a simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump was investigated in the heat recovery mode (HR mode). The system adopted a variable speed compressor using R410A with four indoor units and one outdoor unit. In the HR mode, the capacity and COP were improved as compared with those in the cooling or heating mode because the waste heat in the outdoor unit was utilized as useful heat in the indoor units. However, energy imbalance between heating and cooling capacity of each indoor unit was observed in the 2H-1C HR mode. Therefore, the performance of the system in the 2H-1C HR mode was enhanced by controlling refrigerant flow rate through the outdoor unit.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.82-90
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• 1996

This study was performed to find the optimum mixing ratio of paper waste in composting of mixture of swine feces and newspaper. Using the experimental setting of aeration rate which was found in the experiment carried out priorly, and moisture contents reported in other literature, just the initial C:N ratios were differentiated by mixing different amount of newspaper with the same amount of swine feces. This study was carried out by operating 4 experimental cornposting reactors of bench scale for 3 weeks. The followings are the conclusions that were derived from this study. 1. During composting reaction, the C:N ratio of each cornposter was decreased. Degree of decrease was in order of run 3, run 2, run 4, and run 1 of which initial C:N ratio was 30, 25, 35, and 20 respectively. All of the final composts were found to be completed composting reaction. 2. Ash contents of each reactor increased rapidly in order of run 3, run 2, run 4, and run 1. The absolute values of quadratic effect coefficients of each second order regression function was 0.059, 0.038, 0.032, and 0.030 respectively. Ash contents evolution trend had a linear correlation with the C:N ratio trend. (r=-0.96932, p<0.05) 3. The range of highest temperatures reached during composting was 47.2-53.5$\circ$C. Those were not significantly different from one another. Thermophilic temperatures were maintained in the range of 48-108 hours. 4. Contents of heavy metal detected in the final compost were lower than those of Korean and European standards. 5. Concentration range of Nitrogen in the final compost was 1.11-2.27%, and that of phosphorus was 8.40-10.70 mg/kg. 6. The optimum C:N ratio which has been proposed without the consideration of types of bulking agents should be re-examined. Biodegradabilities of each bulking agents was thought to be important factor when determining the optimum initial C:N ratio for cornposting.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권9B호
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• pp.774-782
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• 2003

일반적으로 Mobile IP 기술에 있어 이동 노드에게 실시간 서비스를 제공하기 위한 방안으로 RSVP 사용이 제시되고 있다. 그러나 Mobile IP와 RSVP(Resource Reservation Protocol) 연동시 이동 노드의 핸드오프는 등록 지연, RSVP 예약 지연 및 시그널링 오버헤드를 증가시킨다. 특히 이동 노드와 대응 노드 사이의 경로에 대한 자원 예약은 핸드오프 이전과 이후 경로가 대부분 같기 때문에 중복 예약이며, 불필요한 시그널링의 생성과 자원 낭비를 초래한다. 만약 무선 인터페이스를 제공하는 셀의 반경이 작다면 이동 노드의 핸드오프는 증가할 것이며 따라서 시그널링 오버헤드와 자원 중복 예약이 크게 증가할 것이다. 본 논문은 RSVP proxy 방안의 Cellular IP와 RSVP 통합 모델을 제안한다. Cellular IP 프로토콜은 마이크로 셀 네트워크에서 핸드오프에 의한 등록 지연, 전송 지연 및 손실을 최소화하며, RSVP proxy는 자원 중복 예약을 최소화하는 방안으로 이동 노드의 예약 주소를 사용하여 Cellular IP 외부 네트워크에서의 RSVP 세션 경로 변경이 일어나지 않도록 한다. 제안 방안은 셀 반경과 핸드오프율에 대해 자원 예약 실패 확률을 이용 기존 Mobile IP와 RSVP 연동 방안과 비교 평가하였다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 기존 건설폐기물 파·분쇄 기술의 문제점을 분석하여 저품질 순환골재의 문제점을 진단하고 콘크리트용 순환골재의 고품질화 방안으로 새로운 회전형 마쇄기술을 개발하고자 하였으며, 회전형 마쇄기술의 해석 모델링을 통하여 해당 기술의 현장 적용전 모르타르 박리 유효성을 확인하고, 현장에 적용하여 생산된 순환골재의 품질특성을 확인하여 콘크리트용 순환굵은골재로의 적합성을 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 모르타르 박리기술을 현장에 제작·설치하여 기술 투입전, 투입후 순환골재의 모르타르 부착량, 절대건조밀도 및 흡수율의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 콘크리트용 순환굵은골재의 핵심 품질특성인 입도, 절대건조밀도 및 흡수율을 시험분석 하였다.