• 대한본초학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2023

Objectives : Washing face is the first step in skin beauty and health. I wanted to study the cleansing effect by using Placenta cp (cold process) soap. The skin condition is greatly influenced by the external environment such as lifestyle, drinking, smoking, and stress etc. I tried to measure the skin change state without environmental factors. Methods : In order to examine the effect before and after washing face under the same conditions, the same water and towel were used in the same place. The skin test was performed before and 10 minutes after washing. As a control group, a case of washing with water and foam cleanser. I compared and analyzed three cases: water washing, F/C (foam cleanser) washing, and Placenta cp soap washing. Results : In the case of water washing, it was significantly reduced in pores and increased in facial temperature. In the case of F/C washing, the facial temperature was significantly increased, but the decrease in moisture. In the case of washing with Placenta cp soap, significant reductions in T-zone and U-zone oil content, reduction in pore size, and increase in facial skin temperature were observed. Conclusion : In the case of Placenta cp soap, it is thought to be suitable for oily skin type, because of significant decrease in T-zone and U-zone oil content. It is thought to have the effect of increasing blood circulation in the facial skin and to reduce pores for oily skin types.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1998

In order to investigate the detergency effects of various detergents to stained polyester & cotton fabric with solid soils such as carbon black, liquid paraffin and fat, the optimum washing conditions according to the types of washing agent, the assesment of detergency effect by the measurement of reflectance after and before washing were studied. The detergency effect of various detergents to stained polyester and cotton fabric increased by using the mixtures of bleaching and enzyme detergent. In order to obtain the excellent detergency effect, 2-step treatment, the pre-washing with bleaching agent and bleaching-enzyme mixture detergent treatment is preferred. In comparison of the detergency to polyester and cotton fabric, it is assumed that the detergency to polyester stained fabric was superior than that to cotton stained fabric because of the difference of adhesive force between soil material and fabric in preparing solid stained fabric.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.306-310
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• 2016

To produce 4N grade high-purity silica powder from natural ore, the mineralogical characteristics of natural silica ore were investigated and their effects on the purification process were revealed. The Chinese silica mineral ore used was composed of iron and aluminum as main impurities and calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and titanium as trace impurities; these trace impurities generally exist as either single oxides or complex oxides. It was confirmed that liberation and acidic washing of the impurities were highly dependent on the particle size of the ground silica ore and on its mineralogical characteristics such as the distribution and phases of existing impurities. It is suggested that appropriate size reduction of silica ore should be realized for optimized purification according to the origin of the natural silica ore. A single step purification process, the mechano-chemical washing (MCW) process, was proposed and verified in comparison with the conventional multi step washing process.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.256-265
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• 2017

Seafood is attracting attention as a future food industry. In recent years, the demand for fishery equipment of mechanization, automation, and unmanned was increased due to the environment affected by seafood processing, stricter regulations on safety, decline and aging of fishery worker. Ark shell (Scapharca subcrenata) was being produced in many steps in the production process. The process has been made such as collection-landing-washing-first sort (goods/non-goods)-transports-second sort (size). It was undergone first and second steps by delivering to the consumer. Here, the first step is to sort goods to collection and the second step is to sort by size. The fishery workers need ten people in first step and six people in second step. The workload of one hour per kg is 4,247 kg/h in first step and 2,213 kg/h in second step. In addition, the goods ratio by work process was 79% in first step and 98% in the second step. In this process, a lot of fishery worker and working time is needed. Therefore, this study developed elemental techniques for an automated size sorting system considering the working process problem, time and situation for washing and sorting of ark shell.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-1
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• 2001

In the Previous studies, we reported about the synthesis of poly[3-methylence-3-methylenesodiumbisulfite-bis(4-hydroxypheny)sulfone] (PMSBPS) and their effect on the staining of direct dye on nylon in the dyeing of nylon/cotton union. The results showed that PMSBPS have good staining resist effect on nylon in the dyeing of nylon/cotton union. In this study, the staining resist effects of PMSBPS in varied dyeing process and method were investigated, and the fastness to washing, light, and rubbing of the deed N/C unions was tested. The results are as follows ; 1. In the two bath two step method, the staining of direct dye on nylon was decreased with the concentration of PMSBPS, and the fastness to washing, light, and rubbing of the dyed N/C unions were increased by addition of PMSBPS. 2. In the one bath two step method, optimun concentration of PMSBPS was 4% 0.w.f..

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2001

In the Previous studies, we reported about the synthesis of poly(3-methylence-3-methylenesodiumbisulfite-bis(4-hydroxypheny )sulfone] (PMSBPS ) and their effect on the staining of direct dye on nylon in the dyeing of nylon/cotton union. The results shoved that PMSBPS have good staining resist effect on nylon in the dyeing of nylon/cotton union. In this study, the staining resist effects of PMSBPS in varied dyeing process and method were investigated, and the fastness to washing, light, and rubbing of the deed N/C unions was tested. The results are as follows , 1. In the two bath two step method, the staining of direct dye on nylon was decreased with the concentration of PMSBPS, and the fastness to washing, light, and rubbing of the dyed N/C unions were increased by addition of PMSBPS. 2. In the one bath two step method, optimun concentration of PMSBPS was 4% 0.w.f..

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1779-1784
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• 2010

어업 분야에서 그물세척 작업은 엄청난 노동력과 작업시간을 요구하며 심한 환경 오염을 발생시킨다. 본 연구에서는 그물 양망 기능과 세척 기능, 그물펴짐 기능을 동시에 갖춘 그물세척용 양망기를 개발하였다. 양망회전체의 구조를 개선하여 구조물의 안정성을 높이고 대형 그물의 양망 중에 발생할 수 있는 그물 슬립 문제를 해결하였다. 양망기에 세척 기능을 부가하여 그물자동세척기를 이용한 최종 세척 전 단계에서 1 차 세척을 수행하거나 중소형 그물의 주 세척 작업에 세척용 양망기를 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 대형 그물 세척을 위한 그물자동세척기의 세척 효율을 높이기 위하여 양망기 하단에 그물펴짐보조대를 설치함으로써 양망기로부터 접힌 채내려오는 그물을 펴는 작업이 용이하도록 양망기를 설계하였다. 시작품을 제작하여 그물 세척 실험을 수행한 결과, 양망 중에 그물슬립을 완벽히 방지할 수 있었고 양망기의 1 차 세척 기능에 의하여 그물 펴는 작업의 수월함을 확보함으로써 작업 효율과 세척 효율을 대폭 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of natural indigo dyeing of cotton fabric. Reduction and dyeing were carried out by one-step process using an infrared dyeing machine at the liquor ratio of 1:100, and subsequently oxidation and washing in water were followed. Dye uptake was increased with the increase of indigo concentration. Over the full range of dyeing tests, the dyeing condition was optimized to $40^{\circ}C$ for 40min. For most of dye concentrations, the cotton fabrics showed mainly PB color. Maximum K/S value was shown at 4g/L of sodium hydrosulfite concentration and the color strength increased with the increase of dye concentration. Value(lightness) decreased with the increase of dye uptake irrespective of mercerization or reduction method, while the mercerized cotton showed two times higher dye uptake than the untreated cotton. Whereas hue of the untreated cotton showed large decrease of P character(5.6~3.5 PB) with the increase of dye uptake, that of the mercerized cotton increased P character(4.7~5.5 PB). Irrespective of mercerization, value and chroma decreased with the increased of dye uptake. In addition, the untreated showed lower chroma than the mercerized cotton. In the case of traditional reduction, hue of the untreated cotton was changed very little with the increase of dye uptake. For hydrosulfite reduction, P character decreased with the increase of dye uptake. The difference of hue value was small with the change of reduction method(hydrosulfite reduction or traditional fermentation). Color character was not influenced by the changed maximum absorption wavelength. Washing fastness showed 4~4/5 shade change rating without any staining. And dry rubbing fastness was good at low color strength. The bacterial reduction ratios of dyed cotton fabric were also increased.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2010

1. Objectives: To compare the contents of hazardous substances such as crude, washing solution, crude after washing, decoction and remnant. 2. Methods: The heavy metal contents of each step were measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometer and mercury analyzer (MA-2). In order to analyze pesticides in Yanggyeoksanhwa-tang we used simultaneous multi- residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. 3. Results: 1) The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) for each steps in Yanggeoksanhwa-tang were as follows: crude (Pb; 1.87, As; 1.29, Cd; 0.28 and Hg; N.D.), washing solution (Pb; 1.98, As; 1.13, Cd; 0.10 and Hg; N.D.), crude after washing (Pb; 1.90, As; 1.40, Cd; 0.22 and Hg; N.D.), decoction (Pb; 1.90, As; 1.14, Cd; 0.11 and Hg; N.D.) and remnant (Pb; 2.39, As; 1.29, Cd; 0.25 and Hg; 0.01). 2) Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides in crude and decoction were not detected. 3) Contents (mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in crude, crude after washing and remnant exhibited 3.00, 2.00 and 2.00 mg/kg, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide in washing solution and decoction were not detected. 4. Conclusions: These Results: will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide of each step in Yanggeoksanhwa-tang.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2021

This study evaluated the sanitation management standards for vegetable preparation processes without a cooking stage. The aerobic plate counts (APC), coliform counts, and Escherichia coli of the samples at each production step were analyzed, and microbial growth of the samples stored at different temperatures was measured. The validation was judged in accordance with the microbial criteria stipulated by the British PHLS. After washing and disinfection, the APCs of the two samples decreased to 3~4 log CFU/g in both seasons. Compared to the purchasing stage, the decrease in coliform counts was approximately 0~3 log CFU/g in both seasons; E. coli was not detected. The initial APC and coliform levels of two vegetable samples were 4~5 log CFU/g in both seasons, with an increase of 1 log CFU/g taking more than 6 h at 25℃ and 2 h at 35℃. More than 10 h at 25℃ and 6 h at 35℃ were required to increase the E. coli O157:H7 count by 1~2 log CFU/g for two seasoned samples. In conclusion, washing and disinfection effects and changes in microbial growth during room temperature storage were similar in the two vegetables. Despite the low sanitizing effect of the two vegetables, when cut vegetables were stored under the critical limit within 2 h at two different room temperatures, seasoned lettuce and chicory were at the 'satisfactory' or 'acceptable' levels of PHLS regardless of the storage temperatures. The validation of sanitation management standards applied to vegetable preparation with the no-cook step was approved.