• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.1231-1239
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate consumer's behaviors on the laundering of baby's clothing according to washing machine types. The subjects were 255 consumers with babies(0-2 years) in Korea. The data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by Chi-square test and multiple response analysis, and SPSS 12.0 statistics package was used. Consumers were separated into two groups according to washing machine types with general pulsator type and drum-type. Consumer's behaviors between general pulsator type group and drum-type group of washing machines were also examined. The results of this study were as follows. In the consumer satisfaction for washing machine, mostly drum-type group of consumers were satisfied with their washing machines. As the reasons of washing machine's dissatisfaction, noise, washing time and low washing efficiency were high in the pulsator type group, and washing time, noise and high price in the drum-type washing machine group. The consumers concerned about separation of clothing and laundering label while they washed laundry by washing machine. However, they didn't separate clothing because the small volume of laundry and a long washing time. The most interest and required thing of consumers was complete rinsing without any detergents used in washing as well as the removal of soils for baby's clothing regardless of two washing machine types. And they complained food soils like milk and mother's milk etc. were not completely removed by washing machine. As a whole the washing frequency of baby's laundry was once per a day and the rinsing also more than three times per a laundry. Most of the consumers used a private detergents for baby's clothing(detergents for baby's clothing only), and preferred to the high or boiled temperature washing as a desirable baby's laundering. There were significant differences between general pulsator type group and drum-type group of washing machines on the laundering of baby's clothing in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
• /
• v.4 no.4 s.10
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate consumer's behaviors on the purchase and the laundering of baby's clothing according to washing machine types using by consumers. The subjects were 255 consumers with babies(0-2 years) in Korea. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-square test and multiple response analysis, and SPSS 12.0 statistics package was used. Consumers were separated into two groups according to washing machine types with general pulsator type and drum-type. Consumer's behaviors between general pulsator type group and drum-type group of washing machines were also examined. The Results of this study were as follows: 1. The purchase rate of baby's clothing was high compare to that of general clothing of family. The consumers with babies had priority on textile materials(cotton 100%) as baby's clothing. As for the consumer's behaviors between the purchase of baby's clothing and the consumer's characteristics, they showed a significant differences according to the consumer's characteristics like education level and washing machine types using by consumers. 2. The removal of soils including various foods was very important on the laundering of baby's clothing. Especially the rinsing of detergents was important on the laundering. Because they considered toxicity of detergents was high and harmful to the baby, and detergent's components such as surfactants, builders, and another additives could not removed completely with normal laundry courses by washing machines. 3. There were significant differences between general pulsator type group and drum-type group of washing machines on the purchase and the laundering of baby's clothing.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.28 no.8 s.227
• /
• pp.1212-1220
• /
• 2004

The structural unbalance mass and laundry are the important sources of the severe vibrations of automatic washing machines. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for the dynamic analysis of the vertical axis automatic washing machines of pulsator-type. In the model, the rigid body motion of tub assembly is represented by six degrees of freedom and the dynamics of automatic hydraulic balancer is represented by one degree of freedom. The fundamental elastic modes of the tub shell and four suspension bars are also taken into account in the mathematical model, based on analytical and experimental modal analysis results. The 12 degrees of freedom equations of motion are derived by using the Lagrange's equations and the present dynamic model is evaluated by comparing the numerical simulation results with experimentally measured data.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.386-397
• /
• 2023

In this study, the efficacy of ultrasonic washing in cotton and wool fabrics was compared and evaluated against conventional washing in terms of cleaning properties and fabric deformation. Factors such as washing temperature, time, liquid ratio, and detergent concentration were kept varied, and the cleaning properties of sebum-soiled fabrics were assessed using different detergents such as alcohol ethoxylate, linear alkylbenzenesulfonate, and IEC 60456 Reference Detergent A^*. In addition, the effects and emulsification power of enzymes and oxygen bleach were examined. To compare the cleaning properties with general washing, a launder-O-meter was used. To investigate fabric deformation during the washing process, the loosening test cloth, shrinkage test cloth, and mechanical strength test cloth were compared between ultrasonic washing machines and household drum washing machines. The results indicate that ultrasonic washing exhibits superior cleaning properties than launder-O-meter when the temperature is low and the washing time is short. Furthermore, there is less deformation and damage during the washing process. It was also observed that the activity of the detergent increases when ultrasonic waves are applied to the washing process. Considering the increasing tendency to pursue convenience and simplicity in clothing management as well as the anticipated commercialization of smart clothing with built-in electric circuits, ultrasonic laundry could serve as a new alternative to existing laundry methods.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.173-206
• /
• 2013

Launched by Samsung in 2003, nano-silver washing machines were a representative application of nanotechnology in commercial products until the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) decided to regulate companies that produce nano-silver products in 2006. A year later, however, the EPA reclassified the washing machines not as an application of nanotechnology but as an ion-generating machine. As shown by the EPA's equivocation on this issue, establishing a category for nano-silver material should be considered in the procedure of risk assessment and regulation. This paper analyzes the controversy over Samsung's nano-silver washing machines more in detail to study how the demarcation between silver ion and nano-silver can vary according to the risk perception of nanotechnology. In Korea and the US, the boundary between silver ion and nano-silver was malleable and mobilzed depending on the contexts. Based on an analysis of the recent history of nano-silver washing machines, this paper explores the influence of risk perception over the ontological perspectives on a certain material.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2014

Washing machines designed to clean laundry have been more widely used at home as they reduce household labor and boost the quality of life. Technological advances and better standards of life increase demand for laundry washing performance. Energy efficiency regulations and consumer demand for the larger trend, washing machine makers should be done in performance studies to reduce power, and water consumption and the load on power transmission devices. In this study, performance of a fully automatic washing machine with unconstrained transmission is analyzed through experiment and CFD simulation. It is found that the interaction between laundry and transmission change the washing behavior and affect washing performance with regard to the degree of freedom. The results obtained in this study can be used in developing new washing machine transmissions and make them more robust.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2015

In this research, we experimentally investigated the sealing performance of elastomeric rotary lip seals for washing machines. In general, NBR is used as a material for elastomeric rotary lip seals in washing machines, but the mixing formula of the rubber material can affect the sealing performance. In this study, we manufactured rotary lip seals using three kinds of NBRs with a different mixing formula, and examined the sealing performance using an acceleration test mode. The results of an SEM investigation into the surfaces of three kinds of specimens showed a much smaller wear volume and better sealing performance for the specimens with smaller particle sizes of mixing composition than for the specimen with the larger. Repeated deformation and recovery by the shaft-to-seal eccentricity on rotation were shown to cause a phase difference in the rubber material, and we measured the recovery ratio to find the influence of this phase difference on the sealing performance. As another method for checking the phase difference, we also measured tan ä, and a lower tan ä was revealed as the recovery ratio increased for each specimen. Specimens with a higher recovery ratio (lower tan ä) were shown to have a better sealing performance. Consequently, specimens with a smaller particle size in the mixing composition had a better sealing performance because they show a higher recovery ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.46 no.9
• /
• pp.7-19
• /
• 2008

This research aims to analyze rational decision behavior in different stages of purchasing for consumers buying household appliance goods and deals with differences in socio-demographic features and relevant variables among completely rational, intermediatedly rational, and irrational groups as well as variables differentiating those groups. First, one third of purchasers for Kimchi refrigerators was the rational consumer while a half of purchasers for side-by-side refrigerators and washing machines was. Second, there was no significant differences in satisfactions levels after purchase between rational and irrational groups among purchasers of side-by-side refrigerators but between completely and intermediately rational groups in the case of Kimchi refrigerators. Rational groups of consumers for Tromm washing machines rely on various places for purchase and also show the high level of intention for repurchase. Third, in studies of variables differentiating rationality in purchase behavioral patterns of consumers, rational choices turn out to prevail (1) among purchasers of married, college graduated, employers, and high income in the case of side-by-side refrigerators, (2) among buyers of male, old-aged, college graduated, non-employers, low, income, and hurrying to purchase in the case of Kimchi refrigerators, and (3) among buyers of old-aged, high income, not hurrying to purchase, and visiting numerous stores in the case of Tromm washing machines.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.20-28
• /
• 2014

Most washing machines are now produced as a drum-type, where a washing drum mounted on a suspension system with springs and dampers, to minimize the transmittance of the vibration from the drum to the cabinet. The purpose of this paper is to develop optimized suspension system of the drum washing machine which minimizes transmission of disturbing vibration and force. In this paper, a method for optimizing suspension system of the drum washing machine is presented using ADAMS. The design variables to optimize are extracted using Sequential Quadratic Programming(SQP) in ADAMS. To evaluate optimized spring constants and damping coefficients of the drum washing machine, simulation was done to compare the vibration attenuation performances before and after the optimization. The results of simulation show that the optimized suspension system has better performance than before the optimization.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.950-960
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this research is to provide accurate information of household washers and detergents for consumers, so that help the producers who make washing machine and detergent to get basic material and also help consumers to choose washing machine. Experiment was proceed with two type of washers to compare energy consumption, washing performance, rinsing effectiveness further, damage caused by entanglement of laundry and fabric was assessed. Detergent P and T were used to compare the performance related to differences of ingredients of detergent. Soiled fabrics of EMPA 108 set were used to evaluate performance of washing by different types of contamination. A summary of experimental results are : First, for the consumption of water, drum-type washer consumed 53% less than pulsator-type washer. On the other hand, the washing time was almost similar for both these machines, but pulsator-type washer showed shorter progress, implying that power saving was more efficient in this case. Second, the drum-type washer showed better performance for contamination with all types of detergent, but the pulsator-type washer showed better rinsing performance. Third, the drum-type washer performed less data of tangle level and fabric damage. Fourth, detergent "P" exhibited better washing performance than did detergent "T", regardless of the type of soil. And with no limit of detergent variety, water-soluble protein soil showed high removal rate, liposoluble soil especially pigment was hardly removed.