• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2021

The aim of this review is to introduce the progress in trauma surgery made during war. In the 16th century, Paré reintroduced ligature of arteries, which had been introduced by Celsus and Galen, instead of cauterization during amputation. Larrey, a surgeon in Napoleon's military, adapted the "flying artillery" to serve as "flying ambulances" for rapid transport of the wounded. He established rules for the triage of war casualties, treating wounded soldiers according to the seriousness of their injuries and the urgency of medical care. To treat fractures and tuberculosis, Thomas created the "Thomas splint", which was used to stabilize fractured femurs and prevent infection; in World War I (WWI), use of this splint reduced the mortality of compound femur fractures from 87% to less than 8%. During WWI, Cushing systematized the treatment of head injuries, reducing mortality among head injury patients. Gillies repaired facial injuries, and his experiences became the basis of craniofacial and aesthetic surgery. In WWII, McIndoe discovered that immersion in saline promoted burn healing and improved survival rates, and thus began saline baths and early grafting instead of using tannic acid. A high mortality rate in patients with acute renal failure was noted in WWII and the Korean War. In the Korean War, Teschan used the Kolff-Brigham dialyzer. The first use of medevac with helicopters was the evacuation of three British pilot combat casualties by the US Army in Burma during WWII. As a lotus blooms in the mud, military surgeons have contributed to trauma surgery during wartime.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.163-202
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• 2020

This paper examines how Japanese society produced and reproduced a distinctively gendered history and memories of the experience of WWII and colonialism in the postwar era. We argue that these gendered narratives, which were embedded in postwar debates about the Peace Constitution and comfort women, have engendered contradictions and made the historical conflicts with neighboring countries challenging to resolve. On the one hand, this deepens conflict, but on the other, it also generates stability in East Asia. After Japan's defeat in WWII, the American Occupation government created the Peace Constitution, which permanently "renounces war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes." The removal of the state's monopoly on violence - the symbol of masculinity - resulted in Japan's feminization. This feminization led to collective forgetting of prewar imperialism and militarism in postwar Japan. While collectively forgetting the wartime history of comfort women within these feminized narratives, the conservative movement to revise the Peace Constitution attempted to recover Japan's masculinity for a new, autonomous role in international politics, as uncertainty in East Asia increased. Ironically, however, this effort strengthened Japan's femininity because it involved forgetting Japan's masculine role in the past. This forgetting has undermined efforts to achieve masculine independence, thus reinforcing dependence on the United States. Recurrent debates about the Peace Constitution and comfort women have influenced how Japanese political elites and intellectual society have constructed distinctive social institutions, imagined foreign relations, and framed contemporary problems, as indicated in their gendered restructuring of history.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2022

The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the application of criminal and legal countermeasures against cybercrime in the conditions of martial law. While conducting this research, we found an opportunity to formulate the author's recommendations for solving the most complex law enforcement problems, as well as to propose changes to the Criminal Code of Ukraine aimed at eliminating the flaws of the analyzed Law, the adoption of which will contribute to the achievement of higher efficiency of the relevant criminal law prescriptions. It is argued that the removal of the previously existing in the footnote of Art. 361 of the Criminal Code of a fundamentally important caveat regarding the fact that when assessing "significant damage", the mentioned property equivalent was to be taken into account only when such damage consisted in causing material damage, which led to a significant and unjustified narrowing of the scope of potential application of Part 4 of Article 361 of the Criminal Code.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.429-443
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• 2010

The purpose of this article is to examine how Byron's Don Juan VII-VIII depicts the various facets of characters' minds and actions in taking attitude toward glory during wartime in Ismail, Turkey. It explores the multifaceted sides of their hidden intentions and military activities in the self-centered and ruthless battle. Byron investigates their diverse and unreasonable causes, which drive them to undertake their particular deeds while participating in the combat. He unfolds the complex, dark layers of man's motivations and acts in responding to such martial ideals as fame, honor, success, or triumph. By making an effective characterization of four major figures such as Suwarrow, Juan, Johnson, and the Turkish Khan, Byron, indeed, enriches the poem with a variety of their different conceptions and stances toward these remarkable achievements. While fighting in the same battle, they, interestingly, reveal strikingly different attitudes, especially in responding to the complex aspects of reputation, glory, war, manliness or fate. The article also considers how the two Cantos of Don Juan feature the ironic results of the characters' quest for glory, which bring about an extensive range of inhuman consequences. The poet accentuates the diverse, negative aftermaths of their illusionary, abusive pursuit of fame and honor. In doing so, he effectively utilizes figurative portrayals of brutal pictures to highlight the unanticipated boundaries and dreadful outcomes, which have been caused by the undesirable or irrational exercises of their freedom of choice in pursuing such self-centered desires and renown.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1291-1298
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• 2023

작전지역의 감시/경계에 활용되는 감시정찰 센서 네트워크에서 배치되는 지진동센서의 위치 정보와 탐지 신호 세기를 활용하여 표적의 위치를 산출하는 방법을 제안한다. 중계기에서 단말기로부터 수신받은 각 지진동센서들의 위치 정보와 센서로부터 수신된 탐지 신호 세기를 이용하여 표적 위치를 산출한다. 표적 측위 시 동적으로 오프셋을 제하는 방식을 통해 환경적 요인에 의한 성능 편차를 줄였다. 실제 표적 위치와 산출된 표적 위치의 차이를 통해 성능을 비교 검증하였다. 오차 평균 3.62m까지 감소하여 가중 중심 측위 방법보다 최대 62% 향상된 결과를 얻었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2024

A naval mine is an effective weapon system implemented for defending defends ports and seas. A mine is an underwater weapon that poses a great threat to ships sailing over the sea from shallow areas. Most of the influence-type naval mines detect magnetic field signals from ships and determine the final time of fire. Therefore, the level of underwater electro-magnetic signatures of ships is a key requirement for determining the survival of ships in wartime situations where mines are emplaced. The main reason why the high manganese steel is attracting attention for naval ship hulls is its nature as a non-magnetic steel. The non-magnetic hull does not generate electro-magnetic signatures; thus, it has the advantage improving the stealth of the ship. In this paper, I examine whether this material can be applied in the hulls material of naval ships that must be ableto reduce underwater electro-magnetic signatures by considering the non-magnetic characteristics of the first developed high manganese steel in the world.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.59-74
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• 2021

Li Gao left a great mark in the history of Chinese medicine by founding Piwei (脾胃) theory. When explaining Li Gao's medical ideology, researchers explain that his medical ideology was created by curing hunger during wartime and treating diseases of people who suffered from battle field trauma. However, Li Gao also suffered from battlefield trauma for his experience of the Mongol siege of Kaifeng (開封城) from 1232 to 1233. It is the hypothesis of this study that Li Gao himself would have suffered posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and this study reexamines the process more closely from the viewpoint of PTSD and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The conclusion of this study is that his achievement in medical history is a result of his PTG. Li Gao's narrative of Piwei (脾胃) theory contains elements that seek revenge against the Mongol soldiers, and Li Gao achieved extraordinary PTG by overcoming the trauma of the siege of Kaifeng step by step.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2024

This study aims to examine how the Gyeongseong Hokuk Shrine established the natural environment in Yongsan during the Japanese colonial period, focusing on the relationship between Japan and Chosen Hokuk Shrines. In the colonies, the establishment of shrines strongly tended to symbolize Imperial Japan and visually represent its ruling logic. The Gyeongseong Hokuk Shrine holds historical significance as a place to commemorate soldiers who died for the Emperor and as a tool of colonial rule, but further discussion is needed on how it was organized within the Yongsan. This study focuses on Hokuk Shrine planning under which the Shrine Bureau of Home Ministry constructed similar shrines across Japan by the Ministry of Home Affairs Ordinance No. 12 of 1939. As a result, this study examines the environment and architectural styles of Hokuk Shrines through examples from Japan and uses this analysis to explore the characteristics of Gyeongseong Hokuk Shrine and its relationship with the Yongsan. The significance of this research lies in highlighting the historical urban significance of Yongsan during the modern period.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2024

Airpower is a crucial force for suppressing military threats and achieving victory in wars. This study evaluates newly introduced fighter forces, considering factors such as fighter performance and power index, operational environment, capacity of each airbase, survivability, and force sustainment capability to determine the optimal deployment plan that maximizes operational effectiveness and efficiency. Research methods include optimization techniques such as MIP(mixed integer programming), allocation problems, and experimental design. This optimal allocation mathematical model is constructed based on various constraints such as survivability, mission criticality, and aircraft's performance data. The scope of the study focuses the fighter force and their operational radius is limited to major Air Force and joint operations, such as air interdiction, defensive counter-air operations, close air support, maritime operations and so on. This study aims to maximize the operational efficiency and effectiveness of fighter aircraft operations. The results of proposed model through experiments showed that it was for superior to the existing deployment plan in terms of operation and sustainment aspects when considering both wartime and peacetime.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.539-553
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• 2011

This study was intended to examine the continuance and transformation of food culture during the enlightenment and Japanese ruling era by analyzing the novel of "Toji". In the novel "Toji", the chaotic political and economic situation is reflected, along with the peoples' hard lives in the latter era of the Choson Dynasty. After the full-fledged invasion of China by the Japanese, the shift to a wartime posture was accompanied by an increased need for food. This led to a rationing and delivery system for rice in the late 1930s. While it was hard for people to obtain even brewer's grains and bean-curd dregs, food distribution officers were well off. Another distinctive feature of the food culture during the enlightenment and Japanese ruling era was that foreign food and recipes were introduced naturally to Korea through the influx of various foreigners. The industry of Choson was held by Japanese monopolistic capital, as a result, Choson had equal to the role as a spending site and was only gradually left destitute. In the Japanese ruling era, there were new type of business including such as patisserie of the types of civilization in the town, and those tempted Korean people. However, the Japanese and pro-Japan collaborators dominated commercial business. Being urbanization through the modernization, it was became patronized fast food in the populous downtown, and the change of industry structure and life style greatly influenced into our food culture. Acceptance the convenient Japanese style fast food such as Udong, pickled radish made was actively accepted with a longing for the advancement civilization. After the enlightenment, many Japanese exchange students went to Tokyo to get advanced civilization and provided urban mood according to their consumption of bread, coffee, Western food, which were considered a part of the elite culture.