• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.731-732
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• 2006

Recently warm compaction techniques are focused on and commercialization of one high-density compaction process in the P/M industry. Another development is a new SEGLESS using a developed lubricant that reduces ejection force at room temperature compaction. It is possible to achieve high-density by reducing lubricant amount. In this paper we confirmed that green density was $7.35g/cm^3$ at 686MPa of compaction pressure when the new SEGLESS was applied to relatively lower temperature warm compaction process, such as $80^{\circ}C$.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

Objectives: Warm-needling is a method combining the effects of acupuncture with the effects of moxibustion. We need to standardize the characteristics of warm-needling in order to achieve consistency in its operational mechanisms and effects, which will improve clinical ability in the field of Eastern medicine. Methods: In this study, using the LabVIEW system on the warm-needling technique, we measured and compared partial temperature changes which varied according to the density of the moxa cone and the moxa cone's core peak temperature. Results& Conclusions: Examination of the warm-needle's partial temperature in relation to the cone density of the 0.8g moxa specimen suggests that a lower density of the moxa cone corresponds to a higher peak temperature and but with a shorter duration. During the effective stimulus time, the lower the density of the moxa cone, the shorter the duration of the effective stimulus time and the higher the mean temperature. Conversely, the higher the density of the moxa cone, the longer the effective stimulus time and lower the mean temperature.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.345-352
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• 1995

Warm deep drawing for optimum forming conditions to give the maximum drawing depth is investigated and compared with the results from experiments performed at room temperature. Experiments which draw square cups of STS 304 stainless steel sheet under the constant lubrication condition of teflon film are made both in a crank and hydraulic press for two kinds of specimens. The maximum drawing depth at warm forming condition reaches 1.4 times the drawing depth at room temperature in a crank press, whereas 1.6 times in a hydraulic press, and also more uniform distribution of thickness in case of warm deep drawn cup is observed. The effects of other factors on formability, such as forming temperature, speed of press and cooling of punch are examined and discussed.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.283-296
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• 2009

Oceanographic survey data were analyzed to understand the characteristics of a warm eddy observed in the Ulleung Basin in July 2005. The temperature distribution at 200 db and vertical sections provided evidence of the warm eddy in the Ulleung Basin (UWE05). Based on the 5$^{\circ}C$ isothermal line on 200 db temperature, the major axis was 160 km from southwest to northeast, and the minor axis was 80 km from southeast to northwest. The homogeneous layer in the thermocline of UWE05 had mean values of 10.40$^{\circ}C$ potential temperature, 34.35 psu salinity, and 26.37 kg/m$^3$ potential density (${\sigma}_{\theta}$) and provided evidence that UWE05 also existed during the winter of 2004-2005. A warm streamer initially flowed along the circumference of UWE05 and mixed with the upper central water. Two northward current cores were found on the western side of the measured current section at the central latitude of UWE05. One was the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC) and the other was the main stream of the western part of UWE05. Geostrophic transport of the upper layer (from the surface to the isopycnal surface of 26.9 ${\sigma}_{\theta}$) was approximately 2.5 Sv in the eastern side of UWE05. However, the measured transport was twice as large as the geostrophic transport. Mass conservation of geostrophic transport was well satisfied in the upper layer. The direct current measurements and geostrophic transport analysis showed that the EKWC meandered around UWE05.

• 대기
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.357-367
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• 2018

In this study, the temperature bias of aircraft observation was estimated through comparison with sonde observation prior to developing the temperature bias correction method at the Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems (KIAPS). First, we tried to compare aircraft temperature with collocated sonde observations at 0000 UTC on June 22, 2012. However, it was difficult to estimate the temperature bias due to the lack of samples and the uncertainty of the sonde position at high altitudes. Second, we attempted a background innovation comparison for sonde and aircraft using KIAPS Package for Observation Processing (KPOP). The one month averaged background innovation shows the aircraft temperature have a warm bias against sonde for all levels. In particular, there is a globally distinct warm bias about 0.4 K between 200 hPa and 300 hPa corresponding to flight level. Spatially, most of the areas showed the warm bias except for below 300 hPa in some part of China at 0000 and 1200 UTC and below 850 hPa in Australia at 0000 UTC. In general, the temperature bias was larger at 1200 UTC than 0000 UTC. Based on the estimated temperature bias, we have applied the static bias correction method to the aircraft temperature observation. As a result, the warm bias of the aircraft temperature has decreased at most levels, but a slight cold bias has occurred in some areas.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of passive-acute temperature therapy of the femoral muscle and dynamic warm-up on the countermovement jump performance. Method: Twenty male track and field athletes from national team underwent three treatments applied on the femoral muscles; cold temperature treatment, thermal treatment and dynamic warm-up. The variables extracted at 2 time points (pre-measurement and post measurement) were the temperature of the left and right femoral muscle, displacement & velocity of centre of mass, peak power out, range of motion and moment & power of the knee joint. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the temperature of the femoral muscle according to measurement time which was high in the order of thermal treatment, dynamic treatment and cold treatment. The jump height was the highest in the dynamic warm-up with no statistically significant difference for the range of motion of the knee joint. The peak power out at dynamic warm-up and the power of the knee joint were statistically significant according to the treatment and measurement time. Conclusion: Local cold and thermal treatment of femoral muscles at ambient temperature did not improve jump performance, while dynamic warm-up was considered to be effective for maintaining the performance of the activities that require strong muscular power.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.75-80
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of springback for various process conditions of the 2D draw-bending operation. The process variables are the forming temperature, the geometry of tools such as punch profile radius(Rp) and die profile radius(Rd). Especially, in order to control the springback, the use of the warm forming method is applied. For the warm draw-bending, five steps of temperature ranges, from room temperature to $200^{\circ}C$, were adopted. And two kinds of steel sheets, namely SCP1 and TRIP(transformation-induced plasticity), the newly developed high strength Steel, were adopted. As a result, the springback was affected by the elevated temperature and the geometry of tools in two kinds of steel sheets.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.556-559
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• 2008

In this study, the failure in circular cup deep drawing simulation at warm temperature is predicted using forming limit diagram (FLD). The FLD is used in sheet metal forming analysis to determine the criterion for fracture prediction. The simulation with heat transfer of circular cup deep drawing at warm temperature was conducted. To predict the failure, the simulation with heat transfer used FLD at temperature in the vicinity of maximum thinning. The result of the simulation with heat transfer shows that the drawn depth increases with increasing temperature and is in accord with the experimental results above $150^{\circ}C$. The FLD provides a good guide for the failure prediction of warm forming simulation with heat transfer.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.184-187
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• 2004

Three HF ocean radar stations were installed at the Soya Strait in the Sea of Okhotsk in order to monitor the Soya Warm Current. Frequency of the HF radar is 13.9 MHz, and range and azimuth resolutions are 3 km and 5 deg., respectively. Surface current velocity observed by the radars shows good agreement with drifting buoy and shipboard ADCP observations. The velocity of Soya Warm Current reaches its maximum, which is about 1 m/s, in summer, and becomes weak in winter. The surface transport across the strait shows a significant correlation with the sea level difference along the strait.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.357-362
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• 1994

Five adult sheep were exposed to intermittent cold for 12 h (18:00-06:00) at an air temperature of $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ followed by 12 h (06:00-18:00) at $25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ over a period of 8 days continuously. Carotid artery blood (Tc), mean skin (Ts) and mean body (Tb = 0.86 Tc + 0.14 Ts) temperatures, heat production rate (HP), respiratory evaporative heat loss, respiration rate (RR) and volume were measured before and after exposure. Tc during the 12 h cold period of intermittent cold exposure was similar to that during the corresponding period in the warm environment, while Tc in the $25^{\circ}C$ of intermittent cold was higher (p < 0.05) than that in the corresponding period in the warm environment. Ts during the cold period markedly decreased (p < 0.001) by about $9^{\circ}C$ when compared with that in the corresponding time period in the warm environment, while Ts during the $25^{\circ}C$ period of intermittent cold recovered to a similar level to that in the warm environment. Tb was lower (p < 0.001) during the cold period of intermittent cold, whereas a slight increase in Tb during the $25^{\circ}C$ period of intermittent cold was significant (p < 0.05) when compared with the value during the similar period in the warm environment. HP was greatly increased (p < 0.001) by cold exposure, followed by an immediate decrease during the first one hour of the 12 h warm period, reaching a similar level to that in the warm environment. A lower (p < 0.05) RR was observed during both the cold and $25^{\circ}C$ period of intermittent cold than during the corresponding periods in the warm environment. The results of the present investigation clearly show that the body temperature of sheep increased during a 12 h warm period following 12 h of exposure to cold. These results suggest that during a warm period of an intermittent cold exposure cycle, heat could be shored in the animal body.