• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.226-236
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• 1995

We studied to evaluate CT characteristics of bronchogenic cysts. We retrospectively evaluated CT of 11 patients with pathologically proved bronchogenic cyst. Precontrast and postcontrast CT scan was performed in all. We analyzed CT with viewpoints of location, size, attenuation on pre- and postcontrast scan, and calcification. Three of 11 bronchogenic cysts were intrapulmonary in location and eight were located in the mediastinum. Two of 3 intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts were located in the right lower lobe, and the remaining one was left lower lobe. Intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts ranged from 6cm to 12cm in diameter (average, 9.7 cm). On CT, intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts appeared as thin-wall air cyst, homogenous water attenuation and soft tissue attenuation with air bubble respectively. Mediastinal bronchogenic cysts were located in posterior mediastinum(n=5), superior mediastinum(n=2), middle mediastinum(n=1) respectively. These cysts ranged in size from 3cm to 8cm in diameter (average, 5.0 cm). On CT, five showed homogenous water attenuation, two soft tissue attenuation similar to that of muscle, one air-fluid level. Calcification or contrast enhancement was not detected in any cases. On operative findings, all of intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts contained dirty pus-like material and all of mediastinal bronchogenic cysts contained whitish or yellowish mucus material. Bronchogenic cysts showed homogenous water density in many cases, homogenous soft tissue density, air-fluid level and air-filled cyst. The constellation of CT findings may be helpful in the diagnosis and differentiation of bronchogenic cyst.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2021

Indoor gardening includes wall greening, terrariums, and flower arrangements. Among these types of indoor gardens, the terrarium is easy to access for the general public, but in Korea, because of the focus on esthetics, the original purpose of creating terrariums, which was to grow plants sustainably in an enclosed space, has been lost. In addition, miniaturization of plants is required to grow plants in an enclosed space. Since the available plant species suitable for a terrarium are limited, only plants such as succulents, cacti, and moss have been used. In this study, Bronze (X Graptosedum) was used, and these problems were solved using the following three methods: placement and growth of virus-free plants in the terrarium; extending the diversity of plants with minimal size that can be planted in terrariums; and reducing the price of in vitro plants with minimal size by achieving large-scale production. In particular, tissue-cultured succulents were developed into a Vivorium by replacing the tissue culture container and renewing the composition of the plant. This paper suggests a new indoor horticultural field, Vivorium, that can improve the current limitations of terrariums and make them more accessible to the general public. The introduction and popularization of new indoor gardening fields with the increase in single-person households and indoor activities in the Pandemic era can also improve psychological stability among people and in the society.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 1985

This experiment was conducted to know a substantial body of information about the differences of the important forage characteristics; green fodder yield, dry matter yield, TDN%, TDN yield and so forth of the seven cultivars selected as the forage crops (Rye, Triticale, Wheat and Barley) depending on the specific times of cutting stage, on the Wheat and Barley Research Institute from October, 1983 to June, 1984, and the results summarized as follows. Green fodder yield & dry matter weight, when clipped at 20, 30 April and 10 May, of varieties Homil #2 showed the most yielding capacity, but when clipped at 20 May, Suweon#8 (triticale) showed the most green fodder yield whereas Homil #1 the most significant dry matter weight. Plant height, in the cases of Paldanghomil, Homil #1 & Homil #2, showed distinctly longer than that of Bunong, Suweon #8 & Suweon #9 and continued to grow even after the heading date. Dry matter ratio increased with time (Dry matter yield/green fodder yield x100). TDN % decreased but TDN yield increased with time but Homil #1, Homil #2 and Paldanghomil showed relatively the higher values. In the elements of nutrient of cell wall, Suweon #8 & Bungong among 7 cultivars have good quality. The reasonable clipping date of wheat &barley as green fodder crops are 10 May to 20 May, but if clipped before 10 May and 20 May, Homil #2 and Suweon #8 became the promising forage crops, respectively.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.139-151
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• 2018

The Songgang-ri area, Cheongsong-gun, which is located in the Sobaeksan province of Yeongnam Massif near the southwestern boundary of Yeongyang subbasin of Gyeongsang Basin, consists of age unknown metamorphic rocks (banded gneiss, granitic gneiss, limesilicates) and age unknown igneous rock (granite gneiss) which intrudes them. This paper researched the geological structures of the Songgang-ri area from the geometric and kinematic features and the developing sequence of multi-deformed rock structures in the geological outcrops exposed about 170 m along the riverside of Yongjeoncheon in the eastern part of Songgang village, Songgang-ri. In the Songgang-ri geological outcrops are recognized three times (Fn, Fn+1, Fn+2) of folding, three times (Dk-I, Dk-II, Dk-III) intrusion of acidic dykes, one time of faulting, which are different in deformation and intrusion timing each other. These geological structures are at least formed by five times (Dn, Dn+1, Dn+2, Dn+3, Dn+4) of deformation. The Dn deformation is recognized by Fn fold which axial surface is parallel to the regional foliation. The Dn+1 intruded the (E)NE trending Dk-I dyke in the earlier phase and formed the NW trending Fn+1 fold in the later phase under compression of (E)NE-(W)SW direction. There are tight, isoclinal, intrafolial folds, boudinage, ${\sigma}$- or ${\delta}$-type boudins, asymmetric fold, C' shear band as the major deformed rock structures. The Dn+2 intruded the (N)NW trending Dk-II dyke in the earlier phase and formed NE trending Fn+2 fold in the later phase under compression of (N)NW-(S)SE direction. There are open fold and folded boudinage as those. The Dn+2 intruded the Dk-III dyke which cuts the Dk-I and Dk-II dykes and the axial surface of Fn+2 fold. The Dn+3 formed the left-handed reverse oblique-slip fault of NNE trend in which hanging wall moves into the SSE direction. Considering in that such five times of deformation recognized in the Songgang-ri geological outcrops are closely connected to the distribution and geological structure of the constituents in the more regional area as well as Songgang-ri area, the research result is expected to play a great data in clarifying and understanding the geological structure and its development process of the surrounding and boundary constituents of the Yeongnam Massif and Gyeongsang Basin.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.149-160
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• 2018

A large number of functional living products are being produced for eco-friendly or health-promoting purposes. In the manufacturing process, such products could be adulterated with raw materials with high radioactivity, such as monazite and tourmaline. Thus, it is essential to manage raw materials and products closely related to the public living. For proper management, an accurate radioactivity data of the processed products are needed. Therefore, it is essential to develop a rapid and validated analytical method. In this study, the concentration of the radioactive $^{238}U$ and $^{232}Th$ in building materials (e.g., tile, cement, paint, wall paper, and gypsum board) and living products (e.g., health products, textiles, and minerals) were determined and compared by ED-XRF and ICP-MS. By comparing the results of both methods, we confirmed the applicability of the rapid screening and precise analysis of ED-XRF and ICP-MS. In addition, $^{238}U$ and $^{232}Th$ levels were relatively lower in building materials than in living products. Particularly, $^{232}Th$ content in 6 of 47 living products exceeded (maximum $8.2Bq{\cdot}g^{-1}$) the standard limit of $^{232}Th$ content in raw material ($1.0Bq{\cdot}g^{-1}$).

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to establish comparison of ventilation efficiency in an enclosed and conventional growing-finishing pig house. The experimental pigs were in winter and summer. The main results of the experiment are as follows : Then the air from planar slot inlet the pig house flow out through the sidewall outlet operated by exhaust fan(Gl). The second structure has an air input through the circular duct inlet are plated side the juncture of the entering wall and the air into the pig house flow out through the chimney and pit outlet are operated by exhaust fan(G2). Through the air into relay fan the pig house flow out through the curtains in sidewall(G3). Similarly, air comes in through the circular duct inlet are placed the air into the pig house flow out through the curtains in sidewall (G4). Air flow rate on the floor level which is the low part of pen and the living area of pigs in the G2 and G4 system during winter was measured at 0.2 to 0.3 m/s at the 0.5 to 0.6 m/s at the maximum ventilation efficiency. As for the results of detrimental gas(ammonia) concentration ratio analysis, while G2 and G4 system sustained of summer 13.3 $\~$ 16.6 ppm, winter 14.0 $\~$ 14.6 ppm level, Gl and G3 system sustained of summer 14.6 $\~$ 20.3 ppm, winter 20.3 $\~$ 25.0 ppm, and the latter one is lower than that of the G1 and G3 system.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.365-376
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• 1999

The importance of finishing and polishing the restoration has been described by several authors. The final step provides for improved metallurgical properties, better marginal adaptation, reduced plaque accumulation. Unfortunately, finishing of the restorations can produce damage from temperature rises at the pulpal wall. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in temperature can be occurred during the use of finishing and polishing instruments under a variety of conditions. ; with or without a water coolant, intermittent or continuous operation, high or low rotation speed, remaining dentin thickness and various restorative materials. Class V preparations were cut on extracted molars and restored with composite resin(Z 100), resin-modified glass ionomer cements(Dyract, Fuji II LC), and amalgam. Finishing was done with aluminum oxide coated disc($Sof-lex^{(R)}$ polishing disc, 3M, USA). The following results were obtained. 1. The rise of temperature during polishing of amalgam restorations was the highest among the all experimental groups except polishing with water coolant(P<0.05). However, there were no statistical differences in temperature rises between Z 100, Dyract and Fuji II LC(P>0.05). 2. The intrapulpal temperature was greatly influenced by the applied time, and intermittent polishing was showed significantly lower temperature rises than continuous polishing(P<0.01). 3. The intrapulpal temperature was increased according to the application of polishing regard less of using water coolant. However, polishing with water coolant showed significantly lower temperature in the pulp than not used water coolant(P<0.01).

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2009

Clonorchis sinensis is the most important widely distributed parasite of the human bile duct in East Asia and the most prevalent parasitic helminth in Korea. The prevalence rate of human clonorchiasis has remained at about 2.9% in Korea. C. sinensis induces dilatation of the duct, hyperplasia of the mucosa, metaplasia or neoplasia of the mucosal epithelium, periductal inflammation and fibrosis, and thickening of the ductal wall. Fibroblast are the most common cells in connective tissue and are responsible for the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. The fibrosis associated with chronic inflammation and injury may also contribute to cholangiocarcinoma pathogenesis, particularly through an increase in extracellular matrix components, which participate in the regulation of bile duct differentiation during development. In this study, ultrastructural changes, the distribution of lectin receptors and actin protein in cultured SD rat bile duct fibroblast after infection of C. sinensis were observed. Experimental group had been divided into four groups: normal bile duct fibroblast cultured in basal media (G1); C. sinensis infected bile duct fibroblast cultured in basal media (G2); normal bile duct fibroblast cultured in basal media containing excretory-secretory product (ESP) (G1-1); C. sinensis infected bile duct fibroblast cultured in basal media containing ESP (G2-1). Overall, once a host is infected by C. sinensis, it affects the host to the extent that sialic acid of ductal fibroblast is increased. Number of cytoplasmic process of SD rat bile duct fibroblast was increased. Actin protein and sialic acid were located in cell surface. Fibroblast induced by C. sinensis was not recovered to normal fibroblast. The cytoplasm bulk and cytoplasmic process were increased whereas the growth rate of the fibroblast of infected SD rat was reduced rather than that of normal fibroblast. In result, it inhibits fibroblast proliferation and increases actin protein on fibroblast cytoplasm, and so causes fibroblast metamorphosis and cellular mutation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2012

Purpose: It is important to acquire accurate data because the SPECT scan affected by various physical factors. The aim of this study was to compare the uniformity when both centers were matched or mismatched differed from position of heart in COR. Materials and methods: The images were acquired with cylindrical uniform phantom (6.7 cm diameter, 9 cm length) and heart insert phantom using Cardio MD SPECT system (Philips, USA). The phantoms were positioned on COR as well as four different points which were 10 cm above, below, left and right side from the COR. The counts from the both edge of cylindrical uniform phantom and those from the both wall of heart insert phantom were compared by using vertical and horizontal line profile. In addition, the qualitative evaluation was performed with heart insert phantom images and volunteer test. Results: In heart insert phantom study, the differences of counts between COR and 10 cm above, below, left and right point of COR were 1.1, 4.1, 4.9, 2.2 and 0.9% using T-A curve for horizontal view. In case of vertical view of COR 3.9, 21.9, 3.5, 23.9, 14.0% were shown. In cylindrical phantom study, the differences of counts between COR and 10 cm above, below, left and right point of COR were 4.3, 0.3, 3.3, 2.6 and 0.7% using T-A curve for horizontal view. In case of vertical view of COR 2.7, 3.0, 1.0, 0.3, 3.4% were shown. For qualitative evaluation, the images at COR were the most uniform for both of heart insert phantom and volunteer test, whereas other four positions showed somewhat distorted images. Conclusion: It showed the most uniform images when COR is matched with the heart. Therefore, we can expect that distortion which increased or decreased of myocardial perfusion will be prevented by matching the heart and COR when positioning. Furthermore, the accuracy of diagnosis will be improved as well.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2002

Background: A perioperative myocardial infarction(PMI) is one of the major complications after CABG. Among diagnostic methods of PMI, CK-MB activity assays have been increasingly replaced by CK-MB mass assays, which have more sensitive, simple measurement. Also, new cardiac-specific and -sensitive marker, cardiac troponin I(cTnl), has been shown to be a marker of myocardial infarction. We report our evaluation of clinical significance of CK-MB mass and cTnl as a marker of PMI after CABG. Material and Method: We studied 32 patients who underwent CABG at Kangdong Sacred Hospital between April 2000 and April 2001. Postoperative serum CK-MB activity level, serum CK-MB mass, cTnl, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and clinical data were recorded prospectively The diagnosis of PMI was defined as positive 2 among 3 or all of the following , by a new Q wave on the electrocardiogram, by serum CK-MB activity higher than 200 lU/L within 72 hours after operation, and by new regional wall motion abnormality on the echocardiogram. Result: After CABG, 3 patients had sustained a PMI according to current diagnostic criteria. As serum CK-MB activity time course, a level of CK-MB activity 12 hours after CABG had very linear correlated significance with serum CK-MB mass 24hours(R=0.946) and cTnl 48 hours(R=0.933) after CABG(p=0.000). As we used a receiver operating characteristics curve(ROC curve) for a diagnostic cutoff value in patients with PMI, serum CK-MB mass levels higher than 30.05 ug/L 24 hours after CABG detected the presence of PMI with an area under the ROC curve of 1.0, a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 100%. Also serum cTnl levels higher than 17.15 ug/L 48 hours after CABG detected the presence of PMI with an area under the ROC curve of 0.98, a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 96.6%, a positive preclictive value of 75%, and a negative predictive value of 100% Conclusion: We concluded that both the measurement of CK-MB mass and cTnl are the easier, accurate methods as a diagnostic marker of PMT after CABG, also as a proposal of diagnostic cutoff value enables to an early detection of PMI. However, a 1arger number of patient will be needed because of statistic limitation that a small number of participating patients, a small number of PMI.