• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1986

Using an experimental model of pulmonary hypertension, the effects of anticonstrictive drugs on the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy were studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200~250 gm were used. For the experimental model of pulmonary hypertension, a group of animal was given by a subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline on a dose of 20mg, 40mg, or 60mg per kg of body weight. After 4 weeks of injection, all animals were sacrificed. Another group of animal was given by a subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline in a dose of 40 mg per kg of body weight. The animals were sacrificed, in which they were kept alive for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. For the effects of anticonstrictive drugs on the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy, the animals treated with monocrotaline were given daily by an intraperitoneal injection of phenoxybenzamine in a dose of 1.3mg/kg of body weight, and were given propranolol via their drinking water at a concentration of 400mg/liter. The animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks of administration. The hearts and lungs were examined histopathologically and morphometrically. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The rats treated with monocrotaline showed an interstitial pneumonitis, medial thickening of the pulmonary small arteries and hypertrophy of the right ventricular wall. 2. The medial thickening of the pulmonary arteries in rats treated with monocrotaline was due to muscular hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and the right ventricular hypertrophy was due to hypertrophy of cardiac muscles. Both medial thickening of the pulmonary arteries and hypertrophy of right ventricular wall were more marked with time and with dose. 3. The daily intraperitoneal injection of phenoxybenzamine suppressed significantly the percentage medial thickness of pulmonary small arteries and the index of right ventricular hypertrophy in rats given a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline, but propranolol has shown no protective effect on the development of medial thickening of pulmonary arteries and right ventricular hypertrophy in treated with monocrotaline. The results described above suggested that monocrotaline is an alkaloid selectively inducing pulmonary hypertension and that a-adrenergic receptor is responsible for the pathogenesis of monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertension in rat.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.403-413
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• 1998

목적: 좌심실의 부피와 구혈률을 Cedars 소프트웨어로 구하였을 때 정량한 값과 심근벽운동과 심근의 수축기 두꺼워짐을 등급으로 평가한 방법의 재현성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 33명의 무작위 추출된 환자를 상대로 통상의 이중동위원소 휴식/부하 심근관류 SPECT 때 부하 Tc-99m-MIBI 게이트 SPECT를 촬영한 후 이어서 같은 자리에서 게이트 SPECT를 한번 더 촬영하였다. 재구성한 후 Cedars 소프트웨어로 확장기말 부피와 수축기말 부피, 구혈률을 측정하여 연속 측정의 재현성을 평균변이계수와 Bland Altman 도표를 그려 분석하였다. 벽운동을 5등급으로 점수를 매겨 연속촬영한 영상의 판독 재현성을 조사하였다. 심근벽의 수축기 두꺼워짐을 역시 4등급으로 점수를 매겨 판독 재현성을 조사하였다. 결과: 확장기말 부피와 수축기말부피는 평균변이계수가 5.0 ml, 3.9 ml이고 구혈률의 평균변이계수는 1.9%이었다. 2표준편차 범위는 확장기말 부피는 18 ml, 수축기말부피는 17 ml이었다. 심근벽운동과 심근의 수축기 두꺼워짐은 kappa 값이 0.7로 판독재현성이 우수하였다. 결론: 이 연구의 결과로 같은 환자를 같은 위치에서 두 번 연이어 게이트 심근 Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT를 촬영할 때, 우리가 산출한 변이가 우수하고 약물효과를 판정할 때 기준으로 삼을 오차범위를 어느 정도로 정해야 하는지 확립하였다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.259-269
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specialized Orthopantomograms and standard films compared with Waters' views in the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis. The author analysed the types of mucosal thickening, the types of bony wall change, the relation between the types of chief complaints and mucosal thickening on the Waters' views of 156 patients with 206 maxillary sinuses demonstrating radiographic changes. And the pathologic change of antral floor was observed on 187 standard films and total amount of agreement in the diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis was evaluated at 156 specialized Orthopantomograms and 187 standard films. The results were obtained as followings. 1. Among 206 mucosal thickenings classified by 6 types, generalized increased radiopacity was 69 cases (33.5%) and the entire thickening of mucosa except an ostium area was 66 cases (32.0%), 2. The bony wall change was seen in 128 cases (62.1%) and the incidence of indistinct antral wall was the highest as 55 cases (43.0%) among 5 types. 3. Among 148 chief complaints, pain was 71 cases (48.0%), swelling was 19 cases (12.8%) and discomfort was 18 cases (12.2%). 4. The most frequent change of antral floor was indistinct antral floor as 25 cases (13.4%) and elevation of antral floor was 23 cases (12.3%). And the first molar presented the most frequent involvement of antral floor as 47 cases (57.3%). 5. In 156 specialized Orthopantomograms, 101 cases (49.0%) presented apparent increased radiopacity and 72 cases (35.0%) showed suspicious increased radiopacity in comparison with Waters' view. In 187 standard films, 47 cases (25.1%) presented apparent increased radiopacity and 53 cases (28.4%) showed suspicious increased radiopacity in comparison with Waters' views.

• 치과방사선
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.261-269
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• 1998

With the CT findings as gold standard, the sensitivity, the specificity, and the diagnostic accuracy of Waters' radiography and Waters' radiography with panoramic radiography were compared in the diagnosis of antral mucosal thickening of 16 patients. Three oral radiologists and three non-oral radiologists interpreted the Waters' radiographs and after 4 weeks, interpreted the Waters' radiographs and panoramic radiographs simultaneously. The interpretation point was the existence or the non-existence of the mucosal thickening on the medial, the posterolateral, the floor, and the roof of maxillary sinus. The obtained results were as followed : 1. In oral radiologist group, the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of Waters' film were 0.7250, 0.8489 and 0.7578 respectively. 2. The sensitivity and the diagnostic accuracy in oral radiologist group were higher than those of non-oral radiologist group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between two groups in the specificity (P>0.05), 3. There was no significant difference of the diagnostic abilities except the specificity in oral radiologist group between Waters' radiography and Waters' radiography with panoramic radiography (P>0.05). 4. The sensitivity and the diagnostic accuracy were the highest in the case of medial wall interpretation, the specificity was the highest in the posterolateral wall. 5. In the posterolateral wall and the floor, the sensitivity and the diagnostic accuracy of oral radiologist group were higher than those of non-oral radiologist group (P<0.05).

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.335-336
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• 2007

Meniscus-like presentation of ulcerating gastric carcinoma on upper gastrointestinal series radiograph was first described in 1921 by Carman and has since been known as a useful differential diagnostic sign in radiology. In 1982 using then newly introduced computed tomography (CT) Widder and Mueller revisited the meniscus sign. Their study was primarily focused on a dynamic assessment of the demonstrability of the meniscus sign that largely depends on the judgment and technical skill of examiner, especially graded compression and patient positioning. One year earlier Balfe et al. assessed the diagnostic reliability of gastric wall thickening as observed on CT scan in adenocarcinoma, lymphoma and leiomyosarcoma and concluded that it is not a reliable finding. In contrast, however, Lee et al. recently emphasized that the wall thickness measurement on CT of exophytic carcinoma, myoma and ulcers was a useful diagnostic means. Thus, it appears that gastric wall thickening or mucosal heave-up is by itself not as reliable as the meniscus sign. The electronic search of world literature failed to disclose earlier report of this sign demonstrated by $^{18}F-FDG$ positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT). The present communication documents $^{18}F-FDG$ PET/CT finding of the meniscus sign as encountered in a case of ulcerating gastric carcinoma, the histological diagnosis of which was moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Unlike most gastric tumors without ulceration that tend to unimpressively accumulate $^{18}F-FDG$ the present case of Borrmann type III gastric carcinoma demonstrated markedly increased $^{18}F-FDG$ uptake.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. Not all patients with COPD respond to available drugs. Identifying respondents to therapy is critical to delivering the most appropriate treatment and avoiding unnecessary medication. Recognition of individual patients' dominant characteristics by phenotype is a useful tool to better understand their disease and tailor treatment accordingly. To look for a suitable phenotype, it is important to understand what makes COPD complex and heterogeneous. The pathology of COPD includes small airway disease and/or emphysema. Thus, COPD is not a single disease entity. In addition, there are two types (panlobular and centrilobular) of emphysema in COPD. The coexistence of different pathological subtypes could be the reason for the complexity and heterogeneity of COPD. Thus, it is necessary to look for the phenotype based on the difference in the underlying pathology. Review of the literature has shown that clinical manifestation and therapeutic response to pharmacological therapy are different depending on the presence of computed tomography-defined airway wall thickening in COPD patients. Defining the phenotype of COPD based on the underlying pathology is encouraging as most clinical manifestations can be distinguished by the presence of increased airway wall thickness. Pharmacological therapy has shown significant effect on COPD with airway wall thickening. However, it has limited use in COPD without an airway disease. The phenotype of COPD based on the underlying pathology can be a useful tool to better understand the disease and adjust treatment accordingly.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2024

A 4-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat weighing 5.1 kg was referred to Jeju National University Hospital with acute onset respiratory distress, weakness, and anorexia. The patient had a history of stressful antecedent events that involved bullying by a newly introduced cat. Thoracic radiography and echocardiography revealed a stage C hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype based on the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine classification system with pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion at the same time. The patient was treated with furosemide, pimobendan, and rivaroxaban. Pericardiocentesis was performed because pericardial effusion was identified. Reevaluation after 30 days revealed a normal respiratory rate on physical examination, normal cardiac shape on thoracic radiographs, and normal cardiac measurements on echocardiography. The patient was tentatively diagnosed with transient myocardial thickening (TMT) and all medications were discontinued. Six months after the initial hospitalization, the cat continued to do well without any clinical signs or left ventricular wall thickening. This case is the first report describing feline TMT in Korea. Moreover, it involves a rare case in which pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion, which induce cardiac tamponade, occurred simultaneously due to TMT-related congestive heart failure.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.669-685
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• 1997

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of xylazine and tiletamine + zolazepam on echocardiograms before and after experimental myocardial infarctions in clinically normal dogs taken preliminary examinations related to cardiac function. The results are as follows. With xylazine administration, left ventricle end-diastolic dimension, left ventricle end-systolic dimension, left atrium/aorta, ejection time and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased and mitral valve CD slope, % delta D decreased(p<0.01). In tiletamine+zolazepam administered group, interventricular septum amplitude(p<0.01), mitral valve DE slope(p<0.05) and ejection time(p<0.01) decreased and left atrium/aorta, ejection time also decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). In 48 hours after experimental myocardial infarction group, anterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control, xylazine, tiletamine + zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Posterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end systolic dimension increased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall end systolic dimension decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall amplitude decreased compared with control and tiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Left atrium/aorta decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). % thickening left ventricular posterior wall decreased compared with control(p<0.05). % delta D decreased compared with control and tiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Ejection time decreased compared with xylazine(p<0.01). Velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group(p<0.01). With xylazine administration 48 hours after experimental myocardial infarction, anterior aortic wall amplitude, posterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end-diastolic dimension increased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end-systolic dimension increased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall end-systolic dimension and left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic dimension decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left atrium/aorta decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). % thickening left ventricular posterior. wall(p<0.05) and % delta D(p<0.01) decreased compared with control. Velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased compared with tiletamine + zolazepam group(p<0.01). With tiletamine + zolazepam administration 48 hours after experimental myocardial infarction, anterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control, xylazine and tiletamine+zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Posterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end-systolic dimension increased compared with control and tiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall end-systolic dimension, left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic dimension and interventricular septum amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left atrium/aorta decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). % delta D decreased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group(p<0.01). Ejection time decreased compared with xylazine group and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased compared withtiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Conclusively, echocardiography was proved to be a useful, diagnostic, non-invasive and simple method for establishing the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and evaluating the effects of drug on cardiac function before and after myocardial infarction.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.912-921
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• 1999

Shear stress acting on the arterial wall by blood flow is an important hemodynamic factor influencing blocking of blood vessel by thickening of an arterial wall. In order to study the effects of wall elasticity on the wall shear rate distribution in an artery-divergent graft anastomosis, a rigid and a elastic model are manufactured. These models are placed in a pulsatile flow loop, which can generate the desired flow waveform. Flow visualization method using a photochromic dye is used to measure the wall shear rate distribution. The accuracy of measuring technique is verified by comparing the measured wall shear rate in the straight portion of a model with the theoretical solution. Measured wall shear rates depend on the wall elasticity and flow waveform. The mean and maximum shear rate in the elastic model are lower than those in rigid model, and the decreases are more significant near the end of a divergent tube. The reduction of mean and maximum of wall shear rate in an elastic model are up to 17 percent.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2023

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a complex group of renal diseases characterized by a specific pattern of glomerular injury that includes thickening of the capillary wall and mesangial expansion, leading to a heterogeneous group of conditions. This review article offers a comprehensive overview of MPGN, its new classification, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and management options.