• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.301-311
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the distributing pattern of stress on the finite element models with the different vertical bone level of implant fixture. The two kinds of finite element models were designed according to vertical bone level around fixture ($4.0mm{\times}11.5mm$). The cemented crowns for mandibular first and second molars were made. Three- dimensional finite element model was created with the components of the implant and surrounding bone. Vertical loads were applied with force of 200N distributed within 0.5mm radius circle from the center of central fossa and distance 2mm and 4 mm apart from the center of central fossa. Von-Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixtures, abutment screws, and crown. The results were as following : (1) In vertical loading at the center circle of central fossa on model 1 and 2, the difference from vertical bone in implant placement did not affect the stress pattern on all components of implant except for crown. (2) With offset distance incerasing and the bone level of implant decreasing, the concentration of stress occured in the buccal side of long crown, around the buccal crestal bone, and on the fixture- abutment interface. As a conclusion, the research showed a tendency to increase the stress on the supporting bone, fixture and screw under the offset loads when the vertical level of bone around fixture was different. Since the same vertical bone bed has more benefits than the different bone bed around fixtures, it is important to prepare a same vertical level of bone bed for the success of implants under occlusal loads.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 유한요소법을 이용하여 알람밸브의 응력 및 변형거동에 대한 해석적 연구를 수행하였다. 알람밸브의 강도안전성에 대한 연구는 최대시험압력이 2.0MPa인 경우에 대하여 계산하였다. 유한요소법으로 계산한 알람밸브의 최대응력은 항복강도 370MPa의 6.1%에 해당하고, 인장강도 485MPa의 4.6%에 해당하는 결과로 제시되었고, 이것은 커버 플랜지와 밸브몸체 사이의 모퉁이 부근에서 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 밸브에서 발생한 최대변형 $12{\mu}m$는 알람밸브 몸체의 중간부근에서 형성되는 것으로 예측되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 대부분의 알람밸브에서 지나치게 높은 강도안전성을 갖도록 설계하는 것으로 지적할 수 있고, 이것은 알람밸브의 중량이나 크기가 증가되는 요소로 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.217-228
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• 1997

p-version 유한요소법에 의한 고정밀해석은 응력특이가 발생하는 선형탄성 문제에 매우 적합한 방법으로 인식되고 있다. 해석 결과의 정확도, 모델링의 단순성, 입력자료에 대한 통용성 및 사용자와 CPU 시간의 절감 등 여러장점이 선형탄성 문제에 적용되어 우수성이 입증되었지만, 탄소성 해석분야는 아직 적용이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 일-경화재료에 대한 구성방정식을 이용하여 정식화된 증분소성이론과 소성유동법칙에 근거한 재료비선형 p-version 유한요소모델이 제안되었다. 비선형방정식을 풀기 위해 Newton-Raphson법과 초기강성도법 등의 반복법이 모색되었다. 제안된 모델을 이용하여 개구부를 가진 사각형 평판과 내압을 받는 두꺼운 실린더, 그리고 등분포하중을 받는 원판해석 등의 수치실험이 수행되었다. 한편, p-version 모델에 의한 해석결과는 문헌의 이론값과 상용유한요소프로그램인 ADINA의 해석결과와 비교 검증되었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.780-785
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• 2016

선박의 연료로 이용되는 중유는 지구 온난화를 일으키는 유해가스를 배출한다. 이를 저감하기 위해 친환경선박으로 표현되고 있는 녹색선박이 등장하게 되었고, 천연가스를 연료로 하는 액화천연가스(LNG) 연료 선박이 대표적인 사례이다. 본 논문에서는 LNG 선박에 사용되는 극저온 환경에서 고압 하중을 받는 기화기와 출입구 배관의 구조 건전성을 ASME 코드에 따라 평가하고 실용화한 최초의 사례이다. 기화기와 배관은 유한요소법을 사용하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 기화기는 등가응력을 바탕으로 ASME Section VIII Division 2에 제시된 허용응력과 비교하여 건전성 평가를 수행하였고, 배관은 성분별 응력을 조합하여 ASME B31.3에 제시된 허용응력과 비교 및 건전성 평가를 수행하였다. 각 하중에 대한 구조물들의 응력 결과는 허용응력 범위 이내에 있으므로 구조적 건전성을 유지하는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.123-130
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• 2002

A general formulation for shape design sensitivity analysis over three dimensional beam structure is developed based on a variational formulation of the beam in linear elasticity. Sensitivity formula is derived based on variational equations in cartesian coordinates using the material derivative concept and adjoint variable method for the displacement and Von-Mises stress functionals. Shape variation is considered for the beam shape in general 3-dimensional direction as well as for the orientation angle of the beam cross section. In the sensitivity expression, the end points evaluation at each beam segment is added to the integral formula, which are summed over the entire structure. The sensitivity formula can be evaluated with generality and ease even by employing piecewise linear design velocity field despite the bending model is fourth order differential equation. For the numerical implementation, commercial software ANSYS is used as analysis tool for the primal and adjoint analysis. Once the design variable set is defined using ANSYS language, shape and orientation variation vector at each node is generated by making finite difference to the shape with respect to each design parameter, and is used for the computation of sensitivity formula. Several numerical examples are taken to show the advantage of the method, in which the accuracy of the sensitivity is evaluated. The results are found excellent even by employing a simple linear function for the design velocity evaluation. Shape optimization is carried out for the geometric design of an archgrid and tilted bridge, which is to minimize maximum stress over the structure while maintaining constant weight. In conclusion, the proposed formulation is a useful and easy tool in finding optimum shape in a variety of the spatial frame structures.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.473-488
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• 2006

Adequate bone quality and stress distribution to the bone are of decisive importance for implant success. Even though the success rates of dental implants have been high, implant failures do occur. Overloading has been identified as a primary factor behind dental implant failure. The purpose of this study was to theoretically investigate the effect of two types of implants on the stress distribution in poor bone quality. Employing the finite element method, the study modeled a 4.1 mm diameter, 12.0 mm length implant placed in cortical or spongeous bone. A static loading of lOON was applied at the occlusal surface at 0, 30 degrees angle to the vertical axis of the implant. von Mises stresses concentrations in the supporting bone were analyzed with finite element analysis program. The results were as follows; 1. The stresses at the marginal bone were higher under buccal oblique load(30 degrees off of the long axis) than under vertical load. 2. Under buccal oblique load, the stresses were higher at the lingual marginal bone than at the buccal marginal bone, and the differences were almost the same. 3, Under vertical and oblique load, the stress was the highest at the marginal bone and lowest at the bone around apical portions of implant in cortical bone. 4, Under vertical load, Model 1 showed more effective stress distribution than Model 2 irrespective of bone types. On the other hand, Model 2 showed lower stress concentration than Model 1 under buccal oblique load.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.681-690
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• 2007

Mini implants had been used provisionally for the healing period of implants in the beginning. But it becomes used for the on-going purpose, because it is simple to use, economic and especially suitable for the overdenture. But there is few studies about the stability of mini implants, that is most important factor for the on-going purpose, and particularly the implant parameters affecting the initial stability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress and the strain distribution pattern of immediate-loaded screw type orthodontic mini-implant and the parameters affecting the initial stability of immediate-loaded mini-implant. Two dimensional finite element models were made and contact non-linear finite element analysis was performed. The magnitude and distribution of Von Mises stresses were evaluated. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The stress was concentrated on the thread tip of an implant in the cortical bone. 2. The direction of load is the most important factor for the stress distribution in cortical bone. 3. The diameter of an implant is the most important factor for the stress distribution in the trabecular bone. In conclusion, if the horizontal load vector is successfully controlled, mini-implants, which diameter is under 3mm, can be used for the on-going purpose.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 1997

Von Mises stress and compliance distribution was evaluated using a finite element analysis on the anastomosis of an artery with length of 20mm(z direction, along the horizental artery), inner diameter of 4mm, thickness fo 0.5mm and a PTFE graft with length of 5.7mm, inner diameter of 2mm, thickness of 0.2mm when anastomotic angle was $45^{\circ}$ and inner pressure of 1330 dyne/mm2 was applied inside the 2 conduits. From the analysis results were obtained as follows. (1) Artery diameter increased in both horizontal x(along the length of artery) and vertical y(perpendicular to the length of artery)directions and the magnitude of that in x direction was bigger than that in y direction. (2) The compliance was maximum on the anastomosis, especially on that with acute angle. The reduction of compliance was observed from the anastomosis area to the either right or left end. (3) The equivalent stress was maximum on top in the y direction and minimum on the nodes apart $110^{\circ}$ in circumferential direction from the top. (4) The equivalent stress was maximum in t도 vicinity of anastomosis with acute angle along the longitudinal direction of the artery. This trend was also observed along the PTFE graft.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2014

Self-piercing riveting(SPR) is a mechanical fastening technique which is put pressure on the rivet for joining the sheets. Unlike a spot welding, SPR joining does not make the harmful gas and $CO_2$ and needs less energy consumption. In this study, static and fatigue tests were conducted using tensile-shear specimens with Al-5052 plates for evaluation of fatigue strength of the SPR joints. During SPR joining process for the specimen, using the current sheet thickness and a rivet, the optimal applied punching force was found to be 21 kN. And, the maximum static strength of the specimen produced at the optimal punching force was 3430 N. During the fatigue tests for the specimens, interface failure mode occurred on the top substrate close to the rivet head in the most high-loading range region, but on the bottom substrate close to the rivet tail in the low -loading range region. There was a relationship between applied load amplitude $P_{amp}$ and lifetime of cycle N for the tensile-shear, $P_{amp}=3395.5{\times}N^{-0.078}$. Using the stress-strain curve of the Al-5052 from tensile test, the simulations for fatigue specimens have been carried out using the implicit finite element code ABAQUS. The relation between von-Mises equivalent stress amplitude and number of cycles was found to be ${\sigma}_{eq}=514.7{\times}N^{-0.033}$.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 1998

동맥과 PTFE 재료로 된 대체혈관이 혈관폐색이 생긴 부위를 우회하기 위하여 단측문합이 되었을 때 문합각의 변화에 의한 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 두 혈관의 직경비를 0.5로 고정하고 문합각을 30$^{\circ}$에서 90$^{\circ}$까지 $10^{\circ}$간격으로 변화시켜 컴플라이언스와 응력의 분포형태를 살펴보고 또한 직경비의 영향도 살펴보기 위하여 문합각을 45$^{\circ}$로 고정하고 직경비를 0.1에서 1까지 0.1간격으로 변화시켜 컴플라이언스와 응력의 변화를 살펴보았다. 단측문합비에 사용된 모델은 20-24mm, 내경 4mm, 두께 0.5mm의 동맥과 길이 10mm, 내경 2mm, 두께 0.2mm의 PTFE 대체혈관이 사용되었으며 문합각이 작아지거나 직경비가 커질수록 예각 문합부의 컴플라이언스가 점점 더 커진다는 것을 알았다.