• Carbon letters
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2008

The commercial activated carbons are typically prepared by activation from coconut shell char or coal char containing lots of inorganic impurities. They also have pore structure and pore size distribution depending on nanostructure of precursor materials. In this study, two types of commercial activated carbons were applied for EDLC electrode by removing impurities with acid treatments, and controlling pore size distribution and contents of functional group with heat treatment. The effect of the surface functional groups on electrochemical performance of the activated carbon electrodes was investigated. The initial gravimetric and volumetric capacitance of coconut based activated carbon electrode which was acid treated by $HNO_3$ and then heat treated at $800^{\circ}C$ were 90 F/g and 42 F/cc respectively showing 94% of charge-discharge efficiency. Such a good electrochemical performance can be possibly applied to the medium capacitance of EDLC.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2017

Many microelectronic devices are miniaturizing the capacitance density and the size of the capacitor. Along with this miniaturization of electronic circuits, tantalum (Ta) capacitors have been on the market due to its large demands worldwide and advantages such as high volumetric efficiency, low temperature coefficient of capacitance, high stability and reliability. During a tantalum capacitor manufacturing process, arc welding has been used to weld base frame and sub frame. This arc welding may have limitations since the downsizing of the weldment depends on the size of welding electrode and the contact time may prevent from improving productivity. Therefore, to solve these problems, this study applies laser spot welding to weld nickel (Ni) and Au-Sn-Ni alloy using CW IR fiber laser with lap joint geometry. All laser parameters are fixed and the only control variable is laser irradiance time. Four different shapes, such as no melting upper workpiece, asymmetric spherical-shaped weldment, symmetric weldment, and, excessive weldment, are observed. This shape may be due to different temperature distribution and flow pattern during the laser spot cutting.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.211-214
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• 1998

The composite of polyvinylalcohol(PVA) and lithium salts(LiBF$_4$) is prepared for a solid-state electrolyte of electric double layer capacitor. The composite shows a good ionic conductivity. The solid-state electric double layer capacitor is made of PVA-LiBF$_4$ composite, activated carbon and etc.. As evaluation of characteristics of capacitor, capacitance change which measured by charge-discharge test with 2.2V~0V at 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 800 hours, was about 10%. The gravimetric and volumetric capacitance were 10.0 F/g~30.0 F/g and 16.0F/㎤~F/㎤, respectively.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1733-1736
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• 2005

Many studies have been carried out to produce 3D features in the size range between $10{\mu}m\~10,000{\mu}m$, called Meso-scale. If these miniaturized systems have high relative accuracy and good volumetric utilization, it is possible to manufacture more complex and accurate shapes with various materials as well as there are advantages of reducing energy, space and resources. Due to imperfect components and misalignment in assembly, it is necessary to assess the accuracy of the miniaturized system itself to obtain high relative accuracy. Laser interferometers are widely used to measure geometric errors called as quasi-static errors. For miniaturized system, however, it is difficult to install the required accessories such as optics and the measuring range is limited because of the size of the system and also this method is very expensive. Moreover, it is impossible to measure each error component simultaneously. A new system to measure simultaneously multiple geometric errors is proposed using capacitance sensors. Each error was measured using capacitance sensors and a measurement algorithm was mathematically derived. The experiments show that the proposed measurement system can be used effectively to assess the accuracy of miniaturized system at a low cost.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2007

본 논문은 코크스를 출발물질로 사용하여 KOH로 활성화시킴으로써 초고용량 커패시터의 전극활성물질인 고밀도 활성탄을 제조하였다. 활성화 시에 약품량을 줄이고 합성 조건을 제어함으로써 활성탄의 비표면적을 줄였다. 활성탄 비표면적은 $500{\sim}1260m^2/g$을 나타내었고, 전극밀도는 $0.68{\sim}0.83g/cm^3$로 측정되었다. 풀셀을 구성하여 용량 측정을 한 결과, 최고 20F/cc의 체적 당 용량 값(하프 셀 기준 95 F/cc 정도)을 보여 페놀레진 기반의 상용 활성탄에 비하여 상대적인 우위를 보였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1799-1805
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• 2014

In this article, we described about the preparation and electrochemical properties of a flexible energy storage system based on a plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The PET treated with UV/ozone was fabricated with multilayer films composed of 30 polyaniline (PANi)/graphene oxide (GO) bilayers using layer-by-layer assembly of positively charged PANi and negatively charged GO. The conversion of GO to the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in the multilayer film was achieved using hydroiodic acid vapor at $100^{\circ}C$, whereby PANi structure remained nearly unchanged except a little reduction of doping state. Cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge curves of 30 PANi/RGO bilayers on PET substrate (shorten to PANi-$RGO_{30}$/PET) exhibited an excellent volumetric capacitance, good cycling stability, and rapid charge/discharge rates despite no use of any metal current collectors. The specific capacitance from charge/discharge curve of the PANi-$RGO_{30}$/PET electrode was found to be $529F/cm^3$ at a current density of $3A/cm^3$, which is one of the best values yet achieved among carbon-based materials including conducting polymers. Furthermore, the intrinsic electrical resistance of the PANi-$RGO_{30}$/PET electrodes varied within 20% range during 200 bending cycles at a fixed bend radius of 2.2 mm, indicating the increase in their flexibility by a factor of 225 compared with the ITO/PET electrode.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.460-467
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• 2016

Activated carbons (ACs) have been used as EDLC (electric double-layer capacitor) electrode materials due to their high specific area, stability, and ecological advantages. In order to prepare ACs with high density and crystallinity, coal tar pitch (CTP) was activated by $K_2CO_3$ and the textural and electrochemical properties of the obtained ACs were investigated. Although the CTP ACs formed by $K_2CO_3$ activation had much smaller specific surface area and pore volume than did the CTP ACs formed by KOH activation, their volumetric specific capacitance (F/cc) levels as electrode materials for EDLC were comparable due to their higher density and micro-crystallinity. Structural characterization and EDLC-electrode performance were studied with different activation conditions of $CTP/K_2CO_3$ ratio, activation temperature, and activation period.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.849-854
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• 2006

In this study, the hybrid electrodes, composed of the activated carbon powders and $LiCoO_{2}$ powders, were prepared as a cathode for the high-capacitance type hybrid capacitor, and the electrochemical properties of the hybrid electrodes were examined in terms of the weight composition and the milling time of $LiCoO_{2}$ powders. The specific volumetric capacities were increased with increasing of the composition of $LiCoO_{2}$ powders in the hybrid electrodes. On the other hand the coin cell capacitors, using the hybrid electrodes with $LiCoO_{2}$ poweders milled for 200 h, have exhibited the lower internal resistivities and the better capacity retention after 100 charge-discharge cycle than those of the coin cell capacitors using the hybrid electrodes with raw $LiCoO_{2}$ powders.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.362-370
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• 2013

Coconut shell 계 상용 활성탄을 후처리하여 EDLC 전극재로 적용하였다. Coconut shell계 활성탄을 별도의 처리없이 EDLC 전극재로 사용하였을 때, 초기 무게용량 및 부피용량은 66 F/g 및 39 F/cc이었고, 100 사이클 충 방전을 반복한 후, 각각 54 F/g 및 32 F/cc로 감소하여 82%의 충 방전효율을 나타내었다. 충 방전 반복에 따른 용량의 감소폭이 크며, CV 특성에서 부반응에 의한 분극현상이 발생하여 전극재로 적합하지 않았다. 상업용 활성탄에 포함된 불순물을 효율적으로 제거하기 위하여 알칼리 및 산 처리를 하였고, 그 후 세공 분포와 표면의 산성 관능기 함량을 제어하기 위하여 질소 분위기에서 열처리하였다. 알칼리 및 질산처리 한 후 $800^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 전극재의 경우, 초기부피용량 44 F/cc, 100사이클 후 42 F/cc로서 실용화 가능한 수준의 높은 부피용량 및 95% 이상의 높은 충 방전 효율을 나타내었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.344-353
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• 2020

국내 자생식물은 관상적가치 뿐만 아니라 환경 적응력도 뛰어나므로 정원 식물로 활용가능하다. 토양의 적절한 용적수분함량(volumetric water content, VWC)에 대한 연구가 이루어져 왔지만, 환경적 요인이 통제되는 온실 환경 조건에서 수행되는 경우가 많았다. 정원 식재를 고려할 때 빈번한 강우가 발생하는 실외 조건에서 자동 관수 시스템 연구가 진행될 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 노지 환경에서 너도개미자리, 벼룩이 울타리 및 산괴불주머니의 생장에 적합한 VWC를 조사하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 실험에 사용한 토양은 자연풍화 마사토를 이용했으며, FDR 방식의 토양 수분 센서 및 데이터로거를 사용하여 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30 ㎥·m^-3 수준의 VWC를 유지시켰다. 벼룩이울타리는 VWC 처리간에 생장 및 항산화 효소 활성에 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 단지 토양 수분 함량이 가장 높았던VWC 0.30 ㎥·m^-3 처리에서 생존율이 낮았다. 물 사용 효율을 고려하면 벼룩이울타리는 VWC 0.15-0.20 ㎥·m^-3 수준이 재배에 적합하다고 판단된다. 너도개미자리는 VWC 조건이 낮을수록 생장량이 높았다. 실외의 빈번한 강우로 인해 관수가 거의 이루어지지 않았던VWC 0.15 ㎥·m^-3 처리에서도 식물 부피 및 생존율이 높았다. 산괴불주머니는 초장, 줄기 수, 측지 수, 생물중 및 건물중이 VWC 0.25 ㎥·m^-3 처리에서 가장 높았다. 종합하면, 너도개미자리는 VWC가 낮은 환경에서도 관리가 가능한 식물종이며 벼룩이울타리와 산괴불주머니는 너도개미자리보다 VWC를 높게 유지하되 과도한 수분 공급은 피해야할 것이다.