• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between tooth wear and age by quantitatively measuring maxillary first molar wear in children. A total of 150 maxillary dental models were analyzed in 30 subjects (male, 11; female, 19) with an age range of 6-14 years. Maxillary first molar wear were assessed based on area, volume and the shortest distance from the buccal occlusal plane to the central pit point (BCPH). The area and volume of the tooth cusps were measured at four different offset-plane heights (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm). Relationship between age and the amount of wear or BCPH were statistically analyzed. Correlation and regression analyses were also performed, and age estimation was obtained with linear regression analysis. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences between age and the amount of wear based on area, volume, and offset-plane height. Except age of 8 and 10, 12 and 14's 0.2-mm offset-plane-measured volume, all area and volume measurement of all ages and offset-plane height showed a significant amount of increase. Wear speeds were calculated using the BCPH. Among age and measurement variables, the correlation coefficient was strongest when the volume was measured from the 0.4-mm offset-plane. As age increases, the amount of wear, as quantified by area and volume measurements, also increases. According to this study, a regression equation that can be used for age estimation is follows: Age $(y)=0.16{\times}0.4V+0.85$ ($R^2=0.490$) using volume.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2013

We developed inkjet based measurement system for micro-droplet behavior on a substrate. By using the inkjet dispenser, a droplet, which is as small as few pico-liter in volume, can be jetted and the amount can be controlled. After jetting, the droplet image on the substrate is acquired from side view camera. Then, droplet profile is extracted to measure droplet volume, contact angle and evaporation characteristics. Also top view image of the droplet is acquired for better understanding of droplet shape. The previous contact angle measurement method has limitations since it mainly measures the ratio of height and contact diameter of droplet on a substrate. Unlike previous measurement system, our proposed method has advantages because various behavior of droplet on substrate can be effectively analyzed by extracting the droplet profile.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권3호통권96호
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• pp.164-173
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• 1999

Robot calibration needs accurate measurements of robot end-effector position at a number of different robot configurations. One of the efficient ways of the measurement is "Touching on Jig" method suggested in [7], which utilizes a touch sensor and a fixture consisting of various sizes of blocks. By moving the end-effector to touch the surface of a block whose position relative to the other is known, the end-effector position relative to the fixture coordinate system can be obtained at the instant of touching. However, the global size of fixture is too small to cover the various configurations of the robot. Because of the manufacturing difficulties, the fixture cannot be manufactured large enough for well distributed position measurement. It results in the improvement of robot accuracy only in the limited space near to the fixture rather than over the whole space of the robot working volume. The paper proposes a method to resolve the above problem by measuring the end-effector positions with respect to several different coordinate system using the same measurement devices. It is found that the proposed method leads the improvements of robot position accuracy over the large space of working volume. The experimental studies are performed to show the validity of the method and their results are discussed.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2022

The comprehensive understanding of the fiber reinforced polymer behavior requires the use of advanced non-destructive testing methods due to its heterogeneous microstructure and anisotropic mechanical proprieties. In addition, the material response under load is strongly associated with manufacturing defects (e.g., voids, inclusions, fiber misalignment, debonds, improper cure and delamination). Such imperfections and microstructures induce various damage mechanisms arising at different scales before macrocracks are formed. The origin of damage phenomena can only be fully understood with the access to underlying microstructural features. This makes X-ray Computed Tomography an appropriate imaging tool to capture changes in the bulk of fibrous materials. Moreover, Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) can be used to measure kinematic fields induced by various loading histories. The correlation technique relies on image contrast induced by microstructures. Fibrous composites can be reinforced by different fiber architectures that may lead to poor natural contrast. Hence, a priori analyses need to be performed to assess the corresponding DVC measurement uncertainties. This study aimed to evaluate measurement resolutions of global and regularized DVC for glass fiber reinforced polymers with different fiber architectures. The measurement uncertainties were evaluated with respect to element size and regularization lengths. Even though FE-based DVC could not reach the recommended displacement uncertainty with low spatial resolution, regularized DVC enabled for the use of fine meshes when applying appropriate regularization.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

It is important to find the effective position for cough and sputum clearance in respiratory physical therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$), and peak cough flow (PCF) related to functional level and measurement position in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Twenty one subjects were classified into three functional levels, and measurements was undertaken in three different measurement positions (upright sitting, $45^{\circ}$ reclining and supine). Vitalograph PEF/FEV DIARY was used to measure PEF and $FEV_1$, and Ferraris Pocket Peak was used to measure PCF. Mixed two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used for statistical analysis. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Significant main effects for measurement position were found. 2) PEF was the highest in upright sitting, followed by $45^{\circ}$ reclining, and supine in order. 3) $FEV_1$ in upright sitting and $45^{\circ}$ reclining were significantly greater compared with that in supine. 4) PCF in upright sitting and $45^{\circ}$ reclining were significantly greater compared with that in supine. 5) No significant main effects for functional level were found in PEF, $FEV_1$, and PCF. 6) No significant functional level by measurement position interactions were found in PEF, $FEV_1$, and PCF. Therefore, it is concluded that upright sitting and $45^{\circ}$ degree reclining positions are recommended for effective cough and sputum clearance.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2002

객체지향 프로그램에 대한 복잡도 측정에 관한 방법으로서 기존의 객체지향 패러다임 특성이라 할 수 있는 객체, 메시지, 클래스, 캡슐화 및 상속성 등에 관한 연구는 이미 보고된바 있다. 본 연구에서는 측정인자로서 Halstead의 Program Volume, Program Level, Program Impurity, Macabe의 Cyclomatic Number, Handerson-Sellers의 응집도 결핍척도 Sullivan's의 PVG측정 방법 등을 선택하였다. 시뮬레이션으로는 객체지향 프로그램의 대표적인 언어인 JAVA Program을 Design & Coding할 때 도움을 주는 척도에 대해서 JAVA Sample Program을 준비하여 프로그램 복잡도 면에서 측정인자들을 각각 비교·분석하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2006년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.181-186
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• 2006

Estimation based on current data of construction performances have become one of the critical subjects which many researchers have been interested in for the past decades. In order to accomplish accurate measurement and estimation of construction performances, the method of data collection stands the highest priority. However, there are many difficulties in data collection from construction jobsite due to the characteristics of the construction industry. With developments of new technologies in other industries, several technologies has recently initiated to be applied to construction field. Electronic tags based on the identification technology, automatic volume measurement based on laser scanning technology, and Global Positioning System (GPS) have been represented the technologies which show the high opportunity for being used in construction. This study reviews specific aspects of these technologies focused on the utilization in construction jobsite. Also, the challenges which these technologies need to overcome are discussed.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate echocardiographic parameters in dogs with experimental mitral regurgitation subjected to dobutamine stress testing. In 8 beagle dogs, a 4-prong grasping forceps was inserted into the left ventricle through the carotid artery with fluoroscopic guidance. The disruption of chordae or mitral valve leaflet was performed. Echocardiographic protocols included quantitative Doppler echocardiography and M-mode measurement for evaluating left ventricle function. After all measurement was obtained at rest, dobutamine was infused incrementally. In stress testing, all measurement also was performed at rest as the same method. In stress Doppler echocardiography, regurgitant fraction and aortic stroke volume was increased significantly (P<0.001). Effective regurgitant orifice and regurgitant volume was not changed. In M-mode examination, fractional shortening was increased significantly at stress test (P<0.001). From the results obtained in this study, it could be suggested that dobutamine stress echocardiography increase left ventricle performance in non-functional mitral regurgitation and quantitative Doppler echocardiography is non-invasive, accurate method in valvular regurgitation.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제64권8호
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• pp.1251-1255
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to measurement the cardiac output using hand to hand impedance method to provide convenience to user when measuring SV(stroke volume) with the use of ICG(Impedance Cardiography). We suggest the optimized modified formula, which can be applied when using impedance with the use of hand to hand Impedance. To verify this formula, a SV from transthoracic approach and hand to hand approach are compared for the 36 subjects, respectively. The acquired data was analyzed by using LabVIEW 8.6, analysis was implemented by SPSS 12.0. Fine difference was shown by individual. We showed that as a result of analyzing the ICG measurement value on thoracic and hand to hand, the correlation with SV was r=0.716, thereby having indicated the results of regression model in relatively high correlation.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.175-188
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 학교 현장에 적용 가능한 ‘샤를의 법칙’ 실험방법을 개발하였다. 교과서 및 문헌 분석을 통하여 실험 장치 및 방법을 구성하는데 필요한 요소를 분석하였다. 전체 부피를 결정하는 부분 으로 단순 구조인 주사기를 사용할 때 보다 바이알과 부피 변화를 관찰하는 부분으로 유리관을 연결한 구조를 사용하였을 때 온도 변화에 따른 기체의 부피 변화를 쉽게 측정할 수 있었고, 비커 같은 큰 부피 의 물중탕 기구 보다 눈금실린더를 이용한 물중탕 방법이 냉각 시간에 있어서 이점을 보여주었다. 부피 변화 부분에서 저항이 최소화된 형태로 액체 마개 형태가 이용되었다. 액체 마개로 물방울을 사용할 경 우 측정 초반에 증발에 의해 기체 부피변화에 큰 영향을 주는데, 글리세롤을 사용할 경우 이 같은 영향 은 거의 없었다. 제안된 실험방법으로 대략 1 시간 이내의 실험 시간을 소요하여 높은 선형 상관계수($R^2$ = 0.999)를 갖는 결과를 얻을 수 있었고, 부피가 0이 되는 온도가 $-216.7\;{^{\circ}C}$로 예측되는 정도로 매우 정확 한 결과를 보여주었다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 샤를의 법칙 실험은 학교 급별 교육과정에 따라 수준을 조절하여 실시할 수 있을 것으로 예상한다.