• 환경영향평가
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1994

The National Park should be preserved as described in the regulation. However, the development has resulted in degrading the environment in the park. Especially, the collective facility area has been developed for the commercial benefit rather than for the preservation. So, it is necessary to figure out the impact of the development plan proposed. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the hydrologic effects due to the collective facility area development in the National Park. The study site is the second collective facility area of Mt. Kyeryong National Park. The analysis of hydrologic effects due to the development has been carried out using the GIS in this study. The Rational Method and Soil Conservation Service(SCS) were used to estimate the runoff volume. During this procedure, GIS software, ARC/INFO was used to integrate, manipulate, and calculate the attribute value of a number of ploygons which represen each land use characteristic. A program was written to compute the attribute value of each polygon and to estimate the difference of peaktime runoff volume before and after development.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.547-557
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 우리나라 지방국도의 특정지점에서 수집된 교통량 자료를 이용하여 일일 시간교통량 추정모형을 개발하였다. 본 연구의 특징은 일일 24시의 시간변수를 원형변수로 취급하고, 지방부 교통량 자료의 특성상 출퇴근 시간에 교통량이 집중되는 이봉형의 현상을 감안하여 원형분포의 혼합모형을 고려하였다. 또한 시간대별 교통량의 분포가 요일에 따라 유사한 패턴을 가지는 데 착안하여 요일별 모형을 제시하였다. 혼합원형분포의 모수추정에는 EM알고리즘이 사용되었으며, 모형의 성능비교를 위해 가변수 회귀모형과의 비교를 실시하였다. 제시된 요일별 지방국도의 시간교통량 적합모형은 계측기의 손상 등으로 인한 교통량 결측자료의 추정에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.3635-3654
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• 2015

With the rapid development of smart devices and mobile Internet, the video application plays an increasingly important role on mobile devices. Understanding user behavior patterns is critical for optimized operation of mobile live streaming systems. On the other hand, volume based billing models on cloud services make it easier for video service providers to scale their services as well as to reduce the waste from oversized service capacities. In this paper, the watching behaviors of a commercial mobile live streaming system are studied in a content-centric manner. Our analysis captures the intrinsic correlation existing between popularity and watching intensity of programs due to the synchronized watching behaviors with program schedule. The watching pattern is further used to estimate traffic volume generated by the program, which is useful on data volume capacity reservation and billing strategy selection in cloud services. The traffic range of programs is estimated based on a naive popularity prediction. In cross validation, the traffic ranges of around 94% of programs are successfully estimated. In high popularity programs (>20000 viewers), the overestimated traffic is less than 15% of real happened traffic when using upper bound to estimate program traffic.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 일반국도 수시조사 지점의 AADT 추정값의 정확도를 높이기 위하여 새로운 그룹핑방법을 제시하였다. 일반적으로 수시조사 자료의 AADT 추정을 위해 월보정계수, 요일보정계수, 조사된 24시간 교통량을 이용하여 AADT를 추정 하므로 상시조사 지점을 그룹핑할 때 상기 세 가지 요인(43개 변수)을 모두 적용하여 그룹핑하였다. 이 방법은 기존의 월보정계수와 요일보정계수만을 이용하여 그룹핑한것과 비교하여 시간대별 교통량을 적용한 것에 있어서 차이가 있다. 그룹핑 결과 5개의 군집이 가장 적당한 것으로 분석되었다. 5개의 군집 중 2개의 군집은 해당되는 지점이 몇 지점 없어 설명하기 어려웠고, 나머지 3개의 군집에서 각각 출퇴근로, 관광부도로, 지방부도로의 특성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 각 그룹의 월보정계수 평균과 요일보정계수 평균, 시간대별 교통량 비율의 평균으로 각 그룹의 대표 보정계수를 산출하고, 분석대상지점의 평일 교통량을 해당 그룹의 대표 보정계수를 적용하여 AADT를 추정한 결과 평균적으로 오차가 8.7%인 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기존 연구에서 우수하다고 분석된 동일 대구간 내의 상시조사 보정계수를 적용한 것보다 1.5%오차가 더 적은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 AADT 산출방법은 전체 수시조사 지점에 적용 가능하므로 실무에서의 활용도가 매우 크다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2016

This study aims to estimate the forest volumes of the economic forest in Gangwon Province of Republic of Korea (hereinafter referred to as Gangwon) through the synthetic estimation. To estimate the forest volume, Stratified systematic sampling method was used along with the forest type maps and the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory data. The synthetic estimation includes sample plots of the expanded areas as well as those of the target area, and the forest volume of economic forest in every city and county throughout Gangwon. Results show that the average forest volume calculated by synthetic estimation was $159.6m^3/ha$ in national economic forest and $129.6m^3/ha$ in private economic forest. The total forest volume of the national economic forest was approximately $59.45million\;m^3$, which was $20.18million\;m^3$ higher than that of the private economic forest. On the other hands, the standard error of the national economic forest was approximately ${\pm}2.21m^3/ha$, which was ${\pm}0.30m^3/ha$ lower than that of the private economic forest. The lowest standard errors was about ${\pm}3.12 m^3/ha$ in broad-leaved forest, followed by ${\pm}4.33m^3/ha$ of mixed forest, and ${\pm}5.78m^3/ha$ of coniferous forest.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.820-832
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• 2019

Estimation of accurate blood volume flow in ultrasound Doppler blood flow spectrograms is extremely important for clinical diagnostic purposes. Blood volume flow measurements require the assessment of both the velocity distribution and the cross-sectional area of the vessel. Unfortunately, the existing volume flow estimation algorithms by ultrasound lack the velocity space distribution information in cross-sections of a vessel and have the problems of low accuracy and poor stability. In this paper, a new robust ultrasound volume flow estimation method based on multigate (RMG) is proposed and the multigate technology provides detail information on the local velocity distribution. In this method, an accurate double iterative flow velocity estimation algorithm (DIV) is used to estimate the mean velocity and it has been tested on in vivo data from carotid. The results from experiments indicate a mean standard deviation of less than 6% in flow velocities when estimated for a range of SNR levels. The RMG method is validated in a custom-designed experimental setup, Doppler phantom and imitation blood flow control system. In vitro experimental results show that the mean error of the RMG algorithm is 4.81%. Low errors in blood volume flow estimation make the prospect of using the RMG algorithm for real-time blood volume flow estimation possible.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1986

원자력 1호기의 설계 기준 사고인 외부 전원 상실 사고를 열, 수력학적 최적 계산용 코드인 RELAP5/MOD1/NSC를 사용하여 모의하였다. 본 분석은 최적 계산모델로 수행되었으나, 사고 전개 및 가정등 보수성을 갖는 평가 방법에 의거하였다. 해석결과중 노심평균온도, 증기발생기 및 가압기 수위 등의 중요한 열·수력학적 변수를 원자력 1호기의 최종 안전성 분석보고서의 결과와 비교하였다. 본 해석결과에서 노심평균온도와 가압기 수위는 보다 낮게, 증기발생기 수위는 보다 높게 나타남으로써 더 향상된 안전한계치를 확인하였다. 이것은 본 해석에서 최적 열·수력 모델을 사용하였을 뿐만 아니라 초기치로써 최적 값을 택하였기 때문에 얻어지는 결과이며, 또한 이와 같은 유형의 산고 (2차 계통의 열제거 능력 상실 사고)에서 원자력 1호기의 안전성을 더욱더 입증시켜 주는 것이다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2013

In this study, the artery's compliance model and the pulsation waveform model was proposed to estimate blood pressure without applying HPF (High Pass Filter) on signal measured by the oscillometric method. The method proposed in the study considered two ways of estimating blood pressure. The first method of estimating blood pressure is by comparing and analyzing changes in pulsation waveform's dicrotic notch region during each cardiac period. The second method is by comparing and analyzing morphological changes in the pulsation waveform during each cardiac period, which occur in response to the change in pressure applied on the cuff. To implement these methods, we proposed the compliance model and the pulsation waveform model of the artery based on hemodynamic theory, and then conducted various simulations. The artery model presented in this study only took artery's compliance into account. Then, a pulsation waveform model was suggested, which uses characteristic changes in the pulsation waveform to estimate blood pressure. In addition, characteristic changes were observed in arterial volume by applying artery's pulsation waveform to the compliance model. The pulsation waveform model was suggested to estimate blood pressure using characteristic changes of the pulsation waveform in the arteries. This model was composed of the sum of sine waves and a Fourier's series in combination form up to 10th harmonics components of the sinusoidal waveform. Then characteristic of arterial volume change was observed by inputting pulsation waveform into the compliance model. The characteristic changes were also observed in the pulsation waveform by mapping the arterial volume change in accordance with applied cuff's pressure change to the pulsation waveform's change according to applied pressure changes by cuff. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were estimated by applying positional change of pulsation waveform's dicrotic notch region.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 1996

현재 사용하고 있는 입목(立木) 재적표(材積表)는 대부분 전국 공용으로 제작되어 있기 때문에, 특정 지역에 적용할 경우 재적을 과소(過小) 또는 과대(過大) 추정(推定)하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제점을 가지고 있는 현존(現存) 낙엽송 재적표를 보정(補正)하여 특정 지역(地域)의 입목(立木) 재적(材積) 추정(推定)에 직접 적용(適用)할 수 있는 방법(方法)을 제시(提示)하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 홍천지역의 낙엽송 표본자료(標本資料)에 대하여 추정모형(推定模型)을 이용하여 가장 적합(適合)한 재적식을 작성(作成)하고, 그 재적식으로부터 추정된 지역 재적과 전국 공용(共用)인 재적표(材積表)의 값의 관계를 지방적(地方的) 재적표(材積表) 작성에 의한 직경별(直徑別) 재적(材積)으로 비교(比較)하였다. 지역(地域) 보정(補正)을 위한 관계식은 평균비(平均比) 추정량(推定量)(ratio-of-means estimator)에 의하여 추정(推定)된 홍천과 전국의 낙엽송 재적의 평균비(平均比)를 이용(利用)하여 제시(提示)하였다. 홍천 지역의 낙엽송 입목(立木) 재적(材積)은 평균비(平均比) 추정량(推定量)에 의하여 V홍천=1.078 V재적표로 추정(推定)할 수 있었다. 이 보정식은 기존(旣存)의 재적표(材積表)를 이용하여 간단하고 정밀(精密)하게 홍천지역의 낙엽송 입목 재적을 직접 추정(推定)할 수 있는 것으로 판명(判明)되었다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2017

The topographic volume estimation is carried out for the earth work of a construction site and quarry excavation monitoring. The topographic surveying using instruments such as engineering levels, total stations, and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) receivers have traditionally been used and the photogrammetric approach using drone systems has recently been introduced. However, these methods cannot be adopted for inaccessible areas where high resolution satellite images can be an alternative. We carried out experiments using Kompsat-3/3A data to estimate topographic volume for a quarry and checked the accuracy. We generated DEMs (Digital Elevation Model) using newly acquired Kompsat-3/3A data and checked the accuracy of the topographic volume estimation by comparing them to a reference DEM generated by timely operating a drone system. The experimental results showed that geometric differences between stereo images significantly lower the quality of the volume estimation. The tested Kompsat-3 data showed one meter level of elevation accuracy with the volume estimation error less than 1% while the tested Kompsat-3A data showed lower results because of the large geometric difference.