• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2015

In this study, we determined the ingredient analysis of harvested garlic bulb and soil analysis of four garlic-cultivated regions in Jeju, being one of the major areas of Namdo garlic production. Soil pH and electric conductivity were 7.02 and 1.03 dS/m, respectively. Soil organic matter was 4.31%. The mineral elements (potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc) of Namdo garlic cultivated soil were analyzed by ICP, and calcium was the most highly contained mineral with $14.67cmol_+/kg$ and in the decreasing order of magnesium ($2.25cmol_+/kg$), potassium ($1.51cmol_+/kg$). Soluble solid and total acidity were 7.60 oBrix and 0.49%, respectively. The mineral contents of garlic bulb were in order of potassium (12,728 ppm) > sulfur (7,778 ppm) > phosphorus (4,916 ppm) > magnesium (691 ppm) > calcium (359 ppm). The content of total phenolic, total flavonoid and reducing sugar were 71.14 mg GAE/100 g, 17.64 mg QE/100 g and 26.53 mg GE/g, respectively. Alliin and allicin were 8.78 mg/g and 2.10 mg/g, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between mineral contents of soil and garlic bulb are analyzed. Macronutrients of soil is correlated with macronutrients of garlic (positive) and micronutrients of garlic (negative) contents.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 1997

To grasp the physico-chemical properties on the management groups of upland soil, the data obtained from the detailed soil survey which conducted from 1964 to 1979 by Agricultural sciences Institute, were analyzed and classified. The clay content in A horizon soil was low in sandy textured and well adapted types and high in heavy clayey type, and that in B horizon was lowest in volcanic ash type and highest in heavy clayey type. High organic matter content was found in the volcanic ash and plateau type. The correlations among soil physico-chemical properties were significant. Especially canon exchange capacity of B horizon soil was highly correlated with the content of available water, clay, silt and organic matter positively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.500-512
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of temperature on soil microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and PLFA content in the volcanic(VAS) and the non-volcanic ash soil(NVAS). The soils were treated with organic materials such as organic fertilizer pelleted(OFPL), organic fertilizer powdered(OFPD), pig manure compost(PMC), and food waste compost(FWC). Two grams of organic materials were well mixed with 30g of dried volcanic and non-volcanic ash soil(< 2 mm) with 50% of soil moisture content. And the soils were incubated at 10, 20, $30^{\circ}C$ in incubator. Soils were analysed on the incubation times as followed; soil pH, total nitrogen, organic matter(at 75, 150, 270 days), microbial biomass C and PLFA (at 75, 270 days), microbial biomass N and soil enzyme(at 150, 270 days). pH values of soils treated with PMC and FWC had no changes on soil type, and incubation temperature. However, the pH was increased with temperature in the soils treated with OFPL. The changes in NVAS was higher than in VAS. Soil microbial biomass C content were high in the condition of high temperature and organic fertilizers treatment in VAS. But the contents were gradually decreased with incubation period in both NVAS and VAS. Soil microbial biomass N was high in NVAS treated with organic fertilizers and in VBS treated with PMC and FWC. PLFA content was higher in NVBS than in VBS at 75 days but showed high in VBS at 270 days. Urease activity of NVBS treated with OFPL showed $10^{\circ}C$ (75.0)> $20^{\circ}C$ (16.3)>$30^{\circ}C$ ($4.6ug\;NH{_4-}N\;g^{-1}\;2h^{-1}$) at 150 days. It were decreased gradually high temperature and time passes. And it showed high at $10^{\circ}C$ in VBS. Glucosidase activity was higher in NVBS than in VBS. Correlation coefficient of between soil microbial biomass C and microbial activity indicators showed that PLFA was high significantly at $r^2=0.91$ in NVBS and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was $r^2=0.83$ in VBS. Soil microbial activities showed differences in the relative sensitivities of soil type and soil temperature.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 1991

Volcanic ash soils were classified as Andepts, a suborder of the Inceptisols in Soil Taxonomy. Increased knowledge on the volcanic ash soils necessitated and facilitated considerable improvement in this system. As a result, the new Order of Andisols was incorporated in the 1990 edition of the Keys to Soil Taxonomy. The central concept of an Andisol is that of a soil developing in volcanic ejecta, and/or in volcaniclastic materials, whose colloidal fractions are dominated by short-range-order minerals or Al-humus complexes. Andic propertis of volcanic ash soil in Cheju Island were investigated. For this study, soils of toposequence distributed along the southern slope of Mt. Halla, and the major soil groups such as dark brown soils, very dark brown soils, black soils, and brown forest soils were collected and analyzed for Al, Fe and Si extracted with solutions of pyrophosphate, dithionite-citrate. and oxalate respectively. Weolpyeong and Yongheung soils developed on the lower elevations contain only small amounts of allophane and Al-and Fe-humus complexes. For other soils, allophane content decrease with elevation and increaes with soil depth,whereas Al-humus complexes increase with elevation and decrease with soil depth. Substantial amount of allophane and ferrihydrite are found in all horizons of Ora and Ara soils developed on 150-300m elevations and of Noro and Jeogag soils developed on cinder cones. In the A horizons of Pyeongdae, Tosan and Heugag soils developed on the higher elevations, Al-humus complexes are dominant form of Al reflecting low pH and high organic matter content. However, lower horizons are dominated by allophane.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.311-322
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• 2003

Mycorrhizae is well known to increase the uptake of P and other mineral nutrients of plants. But if available P levels in soil is too low or high, mycorrhizae formation is limited. This study was carried out to determine the optimum level of available P for mycorrhizae formation of Poncirus trifoliata (trifoliate orange) seedling in volcanic ash soil. Eight levels of P in the range $0-1050mg\;kg^{-1}$ were applied with double superphosphate, and in each P level mycorrhizal fungi inoculated and uninnoculated treatments were included. The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for 5 months and mycorrhizae formation, growth, and nutrient uptake were measured. As P application level increased, mycorrhizae formation increased at lower range of P application and the highest formation ratio of 43% was found at $100mg\;kg^{-1}$ P level ($2.6mg\;kg^{-1}$ available P in soil). At further higher levels of P application, mycorrhizae formation was rather suppressed. Seedling growth was increased by the inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi, and maximum growth was found at $100mg\;kg^{-1}$ P level where mycorrhizae formation was highest. The growth and mineral nutrient uptake of Poncirus trifoliata seedling represented a significant positive correlation with mycorrhizae formation at all P treatments.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.3-6
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.383-386
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• 2001

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.481-489
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• 2018

In this study, the succession and stand dimension attributes related to the disaster prevention function of Pinus thunbergii coastal forests were examined after damage from Diplodia tip blight. In 2015, 101 years after the Taisho eruption, field investigations were performed on the vegetation, soil thickness, and pH of surface soil of P. thunbergii coastal forests in western Sakurajima (Hakamagoshi plot) and Taisho lava flows in southeastern Sakurajima (Seto plot). The Hakamagoshi plot had more woody plant species with larger basal areas than that in the Seto plot. The mean age and height, maximal age and height of plant species, and H/D ratio were all larger in the Hakamagoshi plot than in the Seto plot. These results may be explained by the relatively smaller effect of volcanic ash and gas on forests in the Hakamagoshi plot compared to the Seto plot, resulting in a more suitable environment for many plant species. Although P. thunbergii coastal forests in Sakurajima are currently recovering from damages owing to Diplodia tip blight, there has not yet been a sufficient recovery compared to the results from a 1997 study. Furthermore, the results of assessment based on the H/D ratio and abundance of trees in P. thunbergii forests indicate that both regions are not yet effective in disaster prevention. Thus, it is necessary to establish Pinus trees, which can adjust to harsh environments like coastal areas and are resistant to volcanic ash and gas, to enhance the disaster prevention function of P. thunbergii coastal forests in volcanic regions. It may also be helpful to establish coastal forests with ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi and organic matter coverage. Additionally, it is necessary to ensure the continuous maintenance of stand density and soil quality, and further develop efforts to prevent Diplodia tip blight and promote forest recovery.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.206-212
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• 2000

The effects of two phosphorus sources (fused phosphate and rock phosphate), applied at different rates, on growth, arbuscular-mycorrhizae(AM) formation in roots and nutrient contents of trifoliate orange grown in an uncultivated volcanic ash soil were investigated in a greenhouse. The seedlings were either inoculated with AM fungi or left uninnoculated. Growth of seedlings were best in the treatments of 156-272 mg P/kg with fused phosphate. Although the applied P in the rack phosphate treatments were nearly same or much higher comparing to the fused phosphate treatments, seedling growth were significantly less. Soil available P in the treatment of 272 mg P/kg of fused phosphate was maintained in the range of 3-5 mg/kg during the experiment, and the AM formation was about 60% in average. In the treatments of lower rates of fused phosphate application or of rock phosphate application, soil available P were lower than 3 mg P/kg and AM formations were less than 30%. Significant increases were found in seedling growth and nutrient absorption due to AM fungi inoculation, and the effects were much more significant in the treatments of higher AM formation. In most of citrus groves in Cheju island, soil available P is much higher than 200 mg P/kg, and average AM formation in citrus roots is less than 30%. Results obtained in this study show that the formation of AM can be increased at much lower level of available P than the present levels found in citrus groves.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2009

We studied to compare the fractionation patterns of Ni, Cu, Zn in Jeju volcanic ash soils and to elucidate the uptakes of them by Pakchoi(Brassica campestris var. chinensis). Fractionation patterns of soils by sequential extraction method were different and make to distinguish from various soil types. In Pakchoi, the transfer rates of Ni, Cu, Zn from root to shoot were also different by metal types. There are low corelation between fractional contents in soil and contents in plants of trace elements except for exchangeable Zn. It is needed to develop novel methods for the assessment soil Ni in relation to plant uptake because of poor corelation.