• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.234-241
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• 2014

The fatty acid and volatile compound compositions of camellia oil were analyzed in this study. The impacts of the replacement of conventional vegetable oil with camellia oil on the sensory attributes of dried seaweed were also determined. C18:1 (83.59%), followed by C16:0 and C18:2, were the most abundant fatty acids in camellia oil. A total of 11 and 32 volatile compounds were identified in camellia oil and sesame oil, respectively. In the preference test, the camellia oil samples received a higher, although insignificant, liking rating in overall acceptability of appearance. Overall, there were no differences between the sensory attributes of camellia oil and sesame oil. This finding, combined with the unique fatty acid composition, thermal stability, and health benefits of camellia oil indicate that further study into the use of camellia oil in foods is warranted.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.370-374
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• 1985

독특한 맛과 냄새성분 때문에 남도지방의 특산물로서 우리나라에서 즐겨 이용되고 있는 마른가오리의 풍미성분을 밝힐 목적으로 유리아미노산, 핵산관련물질, 총크레아티닌 및 베타인등의 정미성분과 지방산 그리고 냄새성분을 분석하였다. 마른가오리의 VBN 및 아미노질소는 각각 60.98mg% 및 95.82mg%였으며, 카르보닐값은 97.67meq/kg였고 pH는 7.18이었다. 유리아미노산함량은 1773.3mg%이었고 이중 taurine, lysine, leucine, alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, proline 및 valine 등이 전체의 80%정도를 차지하였다. 핵산관련물질중에서는 hypoxanthine의 함량이 가장 많았다. 전엑스분질소 함량은 1965.6mg% 이었으며 이중 암모니아질소가 519.0mg%로써 가장 많았고 다음으로 유리 아미노산질소, 총크레아티닌질소 및 핵산관련물질소 순이었다. 총지질에 대한 구성비는 중성지질이 92.5%, 인지질이 5.5%였으며 총지질과 중성지질에서는 폴리엔산이 각각 42.0%, 45.3%로써 가장 많은 량을 차지하였고 인지질에서는 포화산과 폴리엔산이 39% 정도로서 비슷한 양이었다. 총지질, 중성지질 및 인지질에서 양적으로 많은 지방산은 $C_{16:0},\;C_{22:6},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:0},\;C_{20:4}$ 순이었다. 또한 냄새성분중 휘발성지방산은 8종이 동정되었는데 이중 고린내 특유의 냄새성분을 나타내는 isocaproic acid, caproic acid, isobutyric acid 및 butyric acid 등이 많은 비율적 차지하였고 휘발성카르보닐화합물에서도 8종이 동정되어 이중 2-butanone, pentanal 및 2-methylpropanal등이 많은 비율을 차지하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1693-1701
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• 2014

A rapid and simple method for the quantitative determination of volatile fatty acids (VFAs; propionic acid, n-butyric acid, i-valeric acid and n-valeric acid) and indoles (phenol, p-cresol, 4-ethyl phenol, indole and skatole) in pig slurry and dog excrement using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography was evaluated. $50/30{\mu}m$ DVB/CAR/PDMS (Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane) fiber was used to extract the target compounds in aqueous media. Sample amount and adsorption time was standardized for the routine analysis. Detection limits were from 0.11 to $0.15{\mu}gL$ for VFAs and from 0.12 to $0.28{\mu}gL$ for indoles and the correlations observed ($R^2$) were 0.975~1.000. This method was applied to the pig slurry, fertilizer, compost and dog excrement. In nearly all cases, the indoles were detected in concentrations of higher than their limits of detection (DOLs). But the VFAs in swine manure were below their DOLs.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2017

Acetate, propionate, butyrate are the major soluble volatile fatty acids metabolites of fermented food waste leachates. This work investigate the effects of volatile fatty acid on the growth rate and $NH_4-N$, $PO_4-P$ removal efficiency of mixotrophic microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to treat digested food waste leachates. The results showed that acetate, propionate and butyrate were efficiently utilized by Chlorella vulgaris and microalgae growth was higher than control condition. Similar trends were observed upon $NH_4-N$ and $PO_4-P$ consumption. Volatile fatty acids promoted Chlorella vulgaris growth, and nutrient removal efficiencies were highest when acetate was used, and butyrate and propionate showed second and third. From this work it could be said that using mixotrophic microalgae, in this work Chlorella vulgaris, fermented food waste leachates can be treated with high efficiencies.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the effect of beet plup and IRG (Italian ryegrass) dry powder in fattening pig diet on reducing concentration of odorous compounds in the pig slurry. Fifty fattening boars [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments (control, beet plup 5%, and IRG 5%). Pigs (BW 50~110 kg) were fed diets formulated to meet the Korean Feeding Standard (2012) and their excretion was collected from the slurry pits. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) were higher in beet plup (31,786, 3,985 ppm) and IRG (32,755, 4,261 ppm) treatments, which was not different among treatments (p>0.05), compared to control (p<0.05). Concentrations of phenols and indoles were highest in beet plup (183.83, 168.59 ppm) and IRG (9.32, 8.92 ppm) treatments. Altogether, addition level of two contents was not appropriate to decrease concentration of odorous compounds.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

This study was to investigate the effect of addition levels of odor reducing contents on reducing the concentration of odorous compounds. Slurry treatments included three levels mixture of horseradish powder (HP), mushroom waste (MW) and probiotics powder (PP), and non-treatment control (n=4 each group). Levels of odorous compounds were measured from the liquid slurry incubated in room temperature ($20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$) for 2 wk in chamber whose structure is similar to slurry pit. Concentration of phenols and indoles was lower (p<0.05) in level 1, which was mixed HP 0.01%, MW 0.4% and PP 0.004% (98.69, 1.87 ppm) compared to control. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) was lowest (p<0.05) level 1 (6,557, 1675 ppm). Taken together, lower level are effective in reducing odorous compounds in pig slurry.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.331-333
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• 2014

We investigated the effects of sea urchin shell powder on 2 volatile fatty acids, acetic and butyric acid, in poultry litter. A total of 60 1-d-old male broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were allocated to 2 treatments (basal diet and 1% sea urchin shell powder) with 3 replicates of 10 birds each. During the 4-week experimental period, significant differences in acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations were observed between treatments (P < 0.05), except for acetic acid at 1 week. Additions of 1% sea urchin shell powder resulted in lower acetic and butyric acid concentrations compared to the litter of control birds. We conclude that the sea urchin shell powder used in this study might prove beneficial in reducing environmental pollution caused by poultry litter.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.162-165
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• 2002

With the objective of identifying the commercial potential of new direct-fed microbials, several temperature-tolerant strains were isolated from cane molasses at $39^{\circ}C$ and tested for their tolerance to pH, bile salts, and a mixture of volatile fatty acids (acetic acid:propionic acid:butyric acid=6.5:2.0:1.5). It was found that the isolated strain DY 252 grew very well up to pH 2.0 and was resistant to relatively high concentrations of bile salts. Among the strains tested, DY 252 was least inhibited by the addition of volatile fatty acids to the growth medium at $39^{\circ}C$. Accordingly, it would appear that strain DY 252, identified as yeast Issatchenkia orientalis, may be a potential candidate for use as a microbial feed additive.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.749-755
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• 1996

From the soil collected from provincial area of South Korea, a microorganisms which have been shown good growth in the minimal poultry feces extract medium was isolated. Supplement of glucose to the poultry feces extract medium helped the complete uptake of soluble protein by microorganism. Uric acid in the poultry feces extract medium could be completely degraded during the microbial growth. Maximum cell growth (3.8 $\times$ 10$^{9}$ CFU/ml) obtained at 36 hours of incubation after inoculation. Uric acid was degraded faster in minimal medium than in the glucose complement medium. VFA (volatile fatty acid), which are known as major compounds of poultry feces odor, were almost removed from the minimal poultry feces extract medium. Glucose supplement to the minimal medium enhanced the growth of microbial cells. Addition of 4% of glucose and 4% of neopeptone to the minimal poultry feces extract medium helped the maximal growth of cells.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1997

To enhance the utilization of garlic shoots as food material, the nutritional and volatile flavor com pounds were investigated for garlic shoots, both cold and warm region type garlic shoots. Proximate composition of cold and warm region type was as follows, respectively; crude protein 2%, crude lipid 0.4%, crude ash 1.1% and 1.5%, crude fiber 1.3% and 1.5%. The major fatty acids of 2 varieties of garlic shoots were linoleic, palmitic and linolenic acid, and their desaturation ratio of them was comparatively high, showing 73.7 and 66.8%, respectively. Free sugars were composed of glucose, sucrose, fructose, arabinose and sorbitol. In the total amino acid analysis, the major amino acids were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. The volatile flavor compounds of fresh garlic shoots extracted by hexane and Likens-Nikerson steam distillation apparatus were identified to be methyl-2-propenyl disulfide, diallyl disufide, propenyl propyl disulfide, di-2-propyl-trisulfide, 2-vinyl-1,3-dithiane, and 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin. Hexane was more effective than steam distillation for extraction of volatile components of garlic shoots.