• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.119-123
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• 1999

Background and Objectives : Conditions such as muscle atrophy, stretching of strap muscles, and continued craniofacial growth factors have been cited as contributing to the changes observed in the vocal tract structure and function in elderly speakers. The purpose of the present study is to compare F$_1$ and F$_2$ frequency levels in elderly and young adult male and female speakers producing a series of vowels ranging from high-front to low-back placement. Material and Methods : The subjects were two groups of young adults(10 males, 10 females, mean age 21 years old range 19-24 years) and two groups of elderly speakers(10 males, 10 females, mean age 67 years : range 60-84 years). Each subject participated in speech pathologist to be a speaker of unimpared standard Korean. The headphone was positioned 2 cm from the speakers lips. Each speaker sustained the five vowels for 5 s. Formant frequency measures were obtained from an analysis of linear predictive coding in CSL model 4300B(Kay co). Results : Repeated measure AVOVA procedures were completed on the $F_1$ and $F_2$ data for the male and female speakers. $F_2$ formant frequency levels were proven to be significantly lower fir elderly speakers. Conclusions : We presume $F_2$ vocal cavity(from the point of tongue constriction to lip) lengthening in elderly speakers. The research designed to observe dynamic speech production more directly will be needed.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 2007

Background and Objectives: Biomedical signals have been usually used for the diagnosis of the laryngeal function such as speech, electroglottograph(EGG), airflow and other signals. But, in most cases these signals were analysed separately. Here, we propose a new interchannel parameter Glottal Closure Delay Ratio(GCDR) which is estimated from speech and EGG measured simultaneously. Materials and Method: Speech and EGG signal were recorded simultaneously from 13 normal subjects, 39 patients. The patients' data included 16 polyps and 23 vocal folds palsy. Time difference between glottal closing instance on EGG and the first maximum peak on speech in a pitch period was calculated. Glottal closing instance was defined as the maximum peak on the first derivative of EGG signal(dEGG). Results: The standard deviation and jitter were calculated using 20-30 GCDRs extracted from each data, and they are significant different between normal and vocal fold paralysis group. Conclusion: The GCDR may be the first index reflecting speech and EGG characteristics and the perturbation of this parameter was significant different between normal and vocal fold paralysis group.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.3119-3127
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• 2000

본 논문은 성덕대왕 신종과 인체의 진동 특성의 상관관계를 분석함으로서 진동 특징 추출의 새로운 방안을 도출하기 위한 연구이다. 신종의 종, 움통, 울림통과 기타 비대칭적 요소들을 인체의 몸체, 성도, 횡경막과 인체구조의 비대칭적 요소들에 대비시켜 각각의 음향 특성들을 실험을 통하여 비교 분석하였다. 실험결과, 대비시킨 각 요소들의 음향 특성이 매우 흡사하여, 신종의 소리 특성에 관한 정보가 인체의 진동 전달 특성을 분석하는 데 있어서도 매우 유용하게 적용될 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.316-324
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• 2020

It has experienced how difficult People with foreign language learning, it is to pronounce a new language different from the native language. The goal of various foreigners who want to learn Korean is to speak Korean as well as their native language to communicate smoothly. However, each native language's vocal habits also appear in Korean pronunciation, which prevents accurate information transmission. In this paper, the pronunciation of Chinese learners was compared with that of Korean. For comparison, the fundamental frequency and its variation of the speech signal were examined and the spectrogram was analyzed. The Formant frequencies known as the resonant frequency of the vocal tract were calculated. Based on these characteristics parameters, the classifier of the Supporting Vector Machine was found to classify the pronunciation of Koreans and the pronunciation of Chinese learners. In particular, the linguistic proposition was scientifically proved by examining the Korean pronunciation of /ㄹ/ that the Chinese people were not good at pronouncing.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1998

Objectives : To compare the voice quality and voice problems of untrained professional voice user groups with that of normal control group without voice problem. Materials and Methods : The sustained vowel sounds of 13 male and 36 female teachers, 46 clergies and 15 telephone operators, and 40 normal male and 20 normal female persons were analyzed, using a videostroboscopy and acoustic analyzer. Together with these analyses, a questionnaire associated with risk factors for current and past voice problems was handed over to the patients. Results : The most common symptom in subjective groups was the voice fatigue. In stroboscopic examination, the professional voice user groups shelved functional voice disorder findings regardless of the Intensity of voice use. In the clergy and teacher using loud voice, vocal polyp, vocal nodule and hyperfunction of laryngeal muscle were frequently observed. In the clergy and telephone operator, jitter and shimmer were significantly increased. In the female teacher, the value of jitter, fundamental frequency variation and fundamental frequency were statiscally significant. However, the voice of male teacher showed no significant findings in the acoustic and aerodynamic studies. Conclusion : In the management of voice problems for untrained professional voice user groups, it is important to find the exact causes and patterns of voice problems, and to be individualized the management according to the causes.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1993년도 제27차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.72-72
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• 1993

음성질환의 진단을 위하여 사용하는 검사법은 여러가지가 있으며 음성발생의 기전에 근거하여 공기역학적 검사로부터 어음청취검사에 이르기까지 다양하게 시도되고 있다. 이중 성대점막의 진동양상은 간접후두경 만으로는 정확히 관찰하기 어려우므로 후두스트로보스코피, 초고속촬영법, 광전, 전기, 초음파등을 이용한 글로토그라피 및 카이모그라피 등이 사용되고 있는데 임상적으로는 후두스트로보스코피가 가장 널리 사용되어지고 있다. 저자들은 1992년 4월 부터 1993년 3월까지 연세대학교 의과대학 음성언어의학연구소에서 음성검사를 시행하였던 환자들을 대상으로 질환별 스트로보스코피소견의 특징을 파악함으로써 후두질환의 진단 및 치료에 도움을 얻고자 하였다.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of music training on the characteristics of auditory perception of speech and music. The perception of speech and music stimuli was assessed across their respective stimulus continuum and the resultant plots were compared between musicians and non-musicians. Subjects and Methods: Thirty musicians with formal music training and twenty-seven non-musicians participated in the study (age: 20 to 30 years). They were assessed for identification of consonant-vowel syllables (/da/ to /ga/), vowels (/u/ to /a/), vocal music note (/ri/ to /ga/), and instrumental music note (/ri/ to /ga/) across their respective stimulus continuum. The continua contained 15 tokens with equal step size between any adjacent tokens. The resultant identification scores were plotted against each token and were analyzed for presence of categorical boundary. If the categorical boundary was found, the plots were analyzed by six parameters of categorical perception; for the point of 50% crossover, lower edge of categorical boundary, upper edge of categorical boundary, phoneme boundary width, slope, and intercepts. Results: Overall, the results showed that both speech and music are perceived differently in musicians and non-musicians. In musicians, both speech and music are categorically perceived, while in non-musicians, only speech is perceived categorically. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that music is perceived categorically by musicians, even if the stimulus is devoid of vocal tract features. The findings support that the categorical perception is strongly influenced by training and results are discussed in light of notions of motor theory of speech perception.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of music training on the characteristics of auditory perception of speech and music. The perception of speech and music stimuli was assessed across their respective stimulus continuum and the resultant plots were compared between musicians and non-musicians. Subjects and Methods: Thirty musicians with formal music training and twenty-seven non-musicians participated in the study (age: 20 to 30 years). They were assessed for identification of consonant-vowel syllables (/da/ to /ga/), vowels (/u/ to /a/), vocal music note (/ri/ to /ga/), and instrumental music note (/ri/ to /ga/) across their respective stimulus continuum. The continua contained 15 tokens with equal step size between any adjacent tokens. The resultant identification scores were plotted against each token and were analyzed for presence of categorical boundary. If the categorical boundary was found, the plots were analyzed by six parameters of categorical perception; for the point of 50% crossover, lower edge of categorical boundary, upper edge of categorical boundary, phoneme boundary width, slope, and intercepts. Results: Overall, the results showed that both speech and music are perceived differently in musicians and non-musicians. In musicians, both speech and music are categorically perceived, while in non-musicians, only speech is perceived categorically. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that music is perceived categorically by musicians, even if the stimulus is devoid of vocal tract features. The findings support that the categorical perception is strongly influenced by training and results are discussed in light of notions of motor theory of speech perception.

• 감성과학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1999

현 연구에서는 음성합성의 기초자료 수집을 위하여 대화체 감정표현의 음성적인 패러미터를 찾아내려고 시도하였다. 이를 이하여 일단 가장 자주 사용되는 대화체 감정표현자료가 수집되었고 이들 표현을 발화할 때 가장 주의를 기울이는 발성의 특징들이 탐색되었다. 구어체적 감정표현의 타당한 데이터베이스를 작성하기 위하여 20대와 30대로 연령층을 구분하여 자료를 수집, 분석하였다. 그 결과 다양한 감정표현의 발화특성들은 음의 강도, 강도변화, 그리고 음색이 중요한 기준으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 다차원분석 결과 산출된 20대와 30대의 음성표현이 도면은 개별정서들이 음성의 잠재차원 상에서 상당한 일관된 특징을 지님을 보여 주었다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제19권3E호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2000

The present research examined the contribution of sounds′ familiarity to auditory distance perception, while attempting to control the influences of unavoidable physical characteristics among sounds. Different vocal "styles" ("shouts", "whispers" and "a normal conversation") of man and woman were recorded digitally and presented from a stationary loudspeaker to blindfolded listeners in a semi anechoic chamber. Playback levels were adjusted to remove extraneous sound level cues. The results showed that the shouting voice was judged as appearing farthest, the whispering voice closest, and the conversational voice was intermediate. The findings suggested that the perception of auditory distance may be affected by past experience (or familiarity).