• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.282-296
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• 2013

The study classified 83 obese adults by constitution and had them follow a strict diet according to their constitution in order to see if the Yin-Yang method would be effective on the metabolic syndrome, which is one of the main causes of death in Korea. Overall, the application of both Yin and Yang methods improved the following factors: weight, body fat percentage, systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, neutral fats and total cholesterol. In particular, the Yin constitution group of men showed more improvements than the Yang constitution group. Furthermore, waist circumference and the prevalence rate of systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure, total cholesterol and metabolic syndrome were decreased noticeably. Total energy intake was increased in both men and women after the constitutional diet, along with the increase of nutrient intake, such as dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals, among others. Among various nutrients, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, vitamin B6, folic acid, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and iron intake were increased noticeably after the constitutional diet. In addition, subjects' intake of all nutrients, except for magnesium, satisfied the nutrition intake standards. Further, the nutrients adequacy ratio (NAR) and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) improved for both men and women. The intake of potatoes, starch, greens and mushrooms increased noticeably, whereas the intake of meat, dairy, drinks and alcohol decreased after the constitutional diet. For the Yin constitution, the intake of Yin foods noticeably decreased, where as the intake of Yang foods decreased for the Yang constitution. In conclusion, the constitutional diet effectively improves the metabolic syndrome. Among many nutrients, the intake of dietary fiber, vitamins A, C and E, potassium and magnesium is positively associated with the improvement of metabolic syndrome biomarkers.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2002

약용으로 많이 쓰이고 있는 사철쑥(Artemisia capillaris Thunberg)의 다양한 이용도를 높이고자 일반성분과 영양성분을 분석함으로써 다양한 영양성분분석 자료를 제시하고자 한다. 사철쑥의 성분은 조단백질 14.12%, 조지방 4.80%, 조회분 2.30%, 조섬유소 8.10%이었으며, 무기질 함량은 K 3295.02 mg%, P2787.01 mg%, Ca 1436.01 mg%, Mg 172.32 mg%, Fe 21.23 mg%, Mn 18.02 mg%, Na 8.11 mg%, Cu 1.24 mg%, Sn 0.002 mg%이었고, 비타민은 $\beta$-carotene 18602.00 mg%, ascorbic acid 5.82 mg%이 었다. 사철쑥에서 가장 많이함유되 어 있는 지방산은 oleic acid( $C_{18:1}$)로 23.86%였으며, 포화지방산이 46.67%, 단일불포화지방산이 33.40%, 다가불포화지방산이 19.83%, P/S는0.42로 나타났다. 20여종의 아미노산이 검출된 사철쑥의 총아미노산 함량은 1345.29 mg%이고, 아미노산 중 proline, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamic acid 및 valine이 각각 438.58 mg%, 310.20 mg%, 120.30 mg%, 118.66 mg%, 88.02 mg%으로 79.95%를 차지하며, 필수아미노산은 176.83 mg%으로 13.11% 함유되어 있었다. 이상의 결과는 사철쑥은 일반성분, 무기질, 비타민 및 지방산, 아미노산 등이 다양하게 함유되어 있다. 이는 사철쑥이 식품으로서 영양적 가치가 있는 것으로 사료된다.다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.432-442
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient content consumed by children and adolescents on home-prepared versus chef-prepared specific carbohydrate diets (SCD) as therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Dietary intake of two cohorts with active IBD initiating the SCD over 12 weeks was assessed. The home-prepared cohort received detailed guidance from dietitians on implementation of the SCD. The chef in the other cohort was knowledgeable in the SCD and prepared meals from a fixed set of recipes. Data from 3-day diet diaries at 4 different time points were collected. US Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) were calculated for macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals. Results: Eight participants on the homemade SCD and 5 participants on the chef-prepared SCD were included in analysis. Mean % RDA for energy intake was 115% and 87% for homemade and chef-prepared groups (p<0.01). Mean % RDA for protein intake was 337% for homemade SCD and 216% for chef-prepared SCD (p<0.01). The homemade SCD group had higher mean % RDA values for vitamin A and iron, while the chef-prepared SCD group had higher intake of vitamins B1, B2, D, phosphorus and zinc (p<0.01 for all). Conclusion: The SCD implemented homemade versus chef-prepared can result in significantly different intake of nutrients and this may influence efficacy of this dietary therapy. Meal preparation dynamics and the motivation of families who pursue dietary treatment may play an important role on the foods consumed and the outcomes on dietary therapy with the SCD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.166-176
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate consumption of health functional food (HFF) and dietary habits, nutrient intake, and dietary quality by HFF consumption in college students. The subjects of this study included 283 college students (179 males and 104 females) in Incheon metropolitan city. The cross-sectional study was conducted using self-reported questionnaires, including kinds of HFF consumed, motivation for purchase, reason for consumption, effect after consumption, reason for no consumption, and dietary habits. A three-day recall method was used for dietary assessment. Dietary qualities were assessed using nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and nutrient density (ND) values. The percentage of HFF consumption was 40.2% in males and 50.0% in females. The main kinds of HFF consumed by males were vitamins and minerals, red ginseng, protein, and omega-3 fatty acid, in that order. HFF consumed by females were vitamins and minerals, red ginseng, omega-3 fatty acid, and individually approved functional ingredients, in that order. The main motivation for purchase of HFF was recommendation of family and relatives (males 76.4% and females 78.8%). The main reason for consumption of HFF was health promotion (males 67.7% and females 63.5%) and the main reason for no consumption of HFF was not having a health problem (males 49.5% and females 46.2%). The dietary habit score for 'eat the milk or dairy product everyday' (p < 0.05) in females was significantly higher in HFF consumers, compared to HFF non-consumers. In males, the ND of vitamin B1 (p < 0.05) in HFF consumers was significantly higher compared to HFF non-consumers. In females, HFF consumers showed a significantly higher ND of vitamin B2 (p < 0.05) and Ca (p < 0.01), compared to HFF non-consumers. Regardless of HFF consumption, the NAR of vitamin C, folic acid, and Ca was less than 0.7. These results suggest the need for nutrition education for college students in order to improve dietary habits and for balanced nutritional status, and to provide correct information on HFF.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.515-524
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• 2001

Two experiments using growing and finishing pigs (Landrace$\times$Duroc$\times$Yorkshire) were conducted to determine the effects of different levels of vitamins and trace minerals (VTM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs, and to evaluate the suitability of vitamin-mineral levels commonly used in the swine industry in Korea. A total of 120 three crossbred (Landrace$\times$Duroc$\times$Yorkshire) growing (Experiment I: 20.90 0.44 kg average initial body weight) and finishing (Experiment II: 53.55 0.97 kg average initial body weight) were used in 6 and 9 weeks feeding trials, respectively. Pigs were allotted on the basis of sex and weight to 5 treatments with 6 replications per treatment with 4 pigs per pen in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were: 1) control, 2) fat soluble vitamin 200% vs. control, 3) water soluble vitamin 200% vs. control, 4) trace mineral 50% vs. control, 5) trace mineral 200% vs. control. In experiment I, during the overall experimental period (0 to 6 weeks, 21 to 54 kg body weight), ADG of the 200% trace mineral supplemented group was significantly higher than that of the 50% trace mineral supplemented group. There were no significant differences among other the treatments. Digestibility of crude protein was lowest in mineral 50% supplemented group (p<0.05). Calcium digestibility was significantly higher in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group than in the other treatments (p<0.05). In experiment II, during the overall experimental period (0 to 9 weeks, 54 to 106 kg body weight), growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary vitamin and trace mineral levels. However, increasing level of water soluble vitamins at the level of 200% compared to control had a tendency to improve the overall growth performance. Overall carcass characteristics except for carcass length did not differ among pigs fed the dietary treatments. Loin eye area, pH, drip loss and shear force of meat were not affected by dietary vitamin and trace mineral levels. There was a trend for less fat content (%) in pork when the level of vitamin and trace mineral was increased, but the difference was not significant. Flavor score was the lowest in control and highest in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group (p<0.05). Juiciness of muscle was lower in the 200% fat soluble vitamin supplemented group than other dietary treatments, except for trace mineral 50% supplemented group (p<0.05). Based on these results, it is suggested that "typical" commercial levels of vitamin and trace minerals used by feed companies in Korea are sufficient to meet requirement for the maximum growth of growing-finishing pigs. Our results suggests that a reduction in trace mineral levels in commercial diets could be considered to reduce feed cost and nutrient excretion with economic and environmental benefits.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2016

Purpose: We have investigated for the purpose of studying change of vitamins and minerals in frequently used vegetables by low moisture cooking method. Methods: Vitamin B complex, vitamin C and mineral (Mg, Ca, K, Zn, Fe) contents are analyzed in vegetables such as spinach, cabbage, bean sprouts and carrot which are heat-treated with degrees of water contents. Low moisture cooking method represents heat-treated vegetable (LM experiment group) with 25 wt.% water content for the vegetable weight while general blanching method includes heat-treated vegetable (GB experiment group) with 500-1,000 wt.% water content for the vegetable weight. Results: Retention rate of vitamin B1 (thiamin) in the LM experiment group is relatively high (87.50-95.68%) and dosen't show considerable differences from raw vegetables. On the other hand, the retention rate of vitamin $B_1$ in GB group's cabbage and spinach dramatically decreased to 19.46-25.00%. Retention rate of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is sustained stably in LM experiment group (75.00-87.50% in bean sprouts, cabbage and spinach), represents that low moisture cooking method has relatively higher contents in vitamin $B_2$. The LM experiment group has 71.43-85.71% on retention rate of niacin while the GB group shows relatively lower niacin (57.14-64.58%), represents conflicting results from the general idea that vitamin $B_3$ is relatively stable in heat treatment and blanching. Retention rate of pantothenic acid is considerably higher in both LM and GB experiment group, indicates vitamin pantothenic acid is relatively stable in the various cooking condition such as amount of water and heat treatment. In the experiment under various water contents, vitamin C is not detected in both bean sprouts and carrots, while the contents in cabbage and spinach are 19.87 mg/100 g and 26.65 mg/100 g respectively. In the same experiment, the retention rate of Vitamin C in LM experiment group (91.65%, 92.23%) is considerably higher than GB group (58.08%, 61.61%). Retention rate of Mg, K, Fe in the LM experiment group is relatively higher than GB group. Conclusion: Resultingly, the observations suggests that minimum water quantity and minimum heat treatment processes should be established in cooking vegetables which have soluble vitamins and minerals.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.327-331
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• 2007

참나물의 식품영양학적인 측면의 우수성과 생리활성 이용 가능성에 관한 연구의 일환으로 일반성분과 영양성분을 조사하였다. 일반성분은 건물(dry basis) 기준으로 조단백질 28.73%, 조지방 2.66%, 회분 19.14%와 탄수화물 40.50%로 나타났으며, 탄수화물을 가장 많이 함유하고 있다. Glucose, arabinose, galactose, fructose 총 4종의 유리당이 검출되었고, 이당류는 maltose 1종만이 검출되었다. 아미노산은 proline 함량이 가장 많이 검출되었고, 다음으로는 alanine, methionine, lysine 순으로 검출되었으며, 참나물의 구성 아미노산은 전체적으로 고루 함유되어 있었다. 지방산은 linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid 순이었으며, 고도불포화지방산이 전체의 68.60%를 차지하고 있었다. 비타민 A와 E의 함량은 각각 9.23 mg%, 0.26 mg%이었다. 유기산은 총 3종이 검출되었으며, oxalic acid, succinic acid, malic acid 순으로 검출되었다. 무기질은 Ca>Mg>Na>Fe>K 순으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과 참나물은 체내 신진대사와 생리활성을 증진시킬 수 있는 유리당, 필수아미노산 및 필수지방산을 비롯한 비타민과 무기질을 다량 함유하고 있어 참나물이 식품으로서의 이용화가치가 한 층 더 높아질 것으로 기대되어진다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.96-103
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• 1970

우리나라의 여러가지 현실정을 고려해볼 때 모든 영양소의 보급원이 될 수 있으며 값이 바서 농어촌 어린이까지 널리 이용할 수 있는 영양식품의 개발은 대단히 시급하고도 중요한 일이다. 이 연구에서는 그 개발을 위하여 몇 가지 농산물을 주원료로 적절히 가공하고 여기에 FPC 효모 경화유 비타민 무기질 등을 첨가한 새로운 분말식품을 제조하고, 이에 대한 이화학적 성상을 조사하였다. 가. 시제품은 담황색 분말로서 순한 향취를 가지며 ;water absorption index, 320; 총균수, $10^4/g$ 이하:sedimentation value, 63: Bostwick consistency value, 15cm/30% 및 ring test value, 23cm/30% 이었다. 나. 단백질을 22-25% 함유하는 이 시제품은 FAO표준구성(1957)을 기준으로 할 때 주제한아미노산이 총 함유황아미노산이며, 단백가는 F-F-3가 45, F-P-4는 75이었다. 그러나 수정된 FAO 표준구성(1965)과 비교해보면 threonine이 제한아미노산이며 이 때의 F-P-4의 단백가는 93이었다. 한편 Holt 등이 제안한 유아필수아미노산 소요량을 F-P-4와 비교한 결과 12 개월된 유아의 하루 소요량을 P-P-4 130g으로서 대체로 만족시키고 있었다. 다. 비타민 및 무기질 함량을 분석 조사한 결과 이 제품 100g으로서도 유유아의 1일 권장량을 대채로 충족시킬 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2006

Minerals are extremely important in human metabolism, growth, and tissue repair. The risks of disturbances in mineral nutrition and metabolism are high following menopause. The aim of the study was to investigate the mineal nutrition status in middle-aged women (Pre & Postmenopausal) and the relation to climacteric symptoms. In the present study, we conducted the anthropometric measurement, climacteric symptoms survey and the dietary intakes including macronutrients, vitamins and minerals to assess the nutrient intakes. Also plasma mineral levels (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn) was measured. The participants were 105 middle-aged women (pre=51, Postmenopausal=54). The anthropometric measurement showed that 74% of subjects was overweight and obesity. The energy intakes were 83% of Korean EER. The macromineral intake (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K), Ca, P and Mg were 65%, > 116% and > 107% of Korean RI. Na and K intakes were > 243% and 53% of Korean AI. For the trace mineral intake (Fe, Cu, Zn), Fe, Cu and Zn intakes were 82%, > 146%, and 94% of Korean RI. The serum mineral concentration measurement, in case of Ca, Fe and Zn, > 10% of subjects showed lower level than normal clinical range. The most frequently appeared climacteric symptoms were dry eye, forgetfulness, difficult concentration, shoulder pain, fatique, depression & lonesomeness, backache, snore, dry skin, ankle & knee pain. In relation to mineral nutrition with climacteric symptoms, significant correlations have been founded between Ca intake and difficult concentration, Mg intake and snore, Fe & Zn intake and forgetfulness & dry skin, serum Ca concentration and forgetfulness, serum Na concentration and dry eyes & snore, serum K concentration and shoulder pain. From these results, it has been indicated that some mineral nutrition status may effect the prevention and reduction of climacteric symptoms in pre and postmenopause women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the nutritional characteristics of horsemeat and bone meal in comparison with those of beef and pork presented by Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans. Longissimus muscle and large metacarpal bone samples were collected from 20 fattened Jeju horses. Muscle samples were subjected to proximate analysis, assays for fatty acid profile and minerals, and bone samples to mineral assays. Horsemeal had similar levels of protein (21.1 vs 21.0 or 21.1%) and lower levels of fat (6.0 vs 14.1 or 16.1%) compared with beef or pork, respectively. Horsemeat had much higher levels of palmitoleic (8.2 vs 4.4 or 3.3%) and $\alpha-linolenic$ (1.4 vs 0.1 or 0.6%) acids than beef or pork, respectively. Linoleic acid was much higher in horsemeat (11.1%) and pork (10.1%) than in beef (1.6%). PUFA:SFA and n-6:n-3 ratios in horsemeat were 0.29 and 10.2, respectively. There were no big differences in mineral contents between horsemeat, beef and pork. For daily recommended mineral intakes of male adults (Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans), phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and copper can be provided up to 24, 2.5, 6.7, 21, 26 and 40%, respectively, by 100 g raw horsemeat, but calcium and manganese levels are negligible. Horse cannon bone had much higher mineral contents especially in calcium (10,193 mg/100 g), phosphorus (5,874 mg/100 g) and copper (0.79 mg/100 g). Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and retinol contents were 0.20, 0.21, 1.65 mg/100 g and $30{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. But ascorbic acid and beta-carotene were not detected. Our data demonstrated that higher levels of palmitoleic and $\alpha-linolenic$ acid in horsemeat than in beef and pork may be beneficial for human health. Horsemeat and bone meal are a good source of some minerals and vitamins.