• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2004

Rapid and simple method was developed for simultaneous determination of vitamins A and E contents in infant formula. Vitamins A and E were extracted by PDA-HPLC with reversed phase column using organic solvent, and their contents in Certified Reference Material (CRM) and infant formula were determined and compared with results of Food Standards Codex and AOAC method for evaluation of developed method, Vitamins A and E contents in CRM determined by developed method were within certified range of standard values. Developed method has great advantages of simple and rapid sample preparation and simultaneous determination of vitamins A and E by PDA-HPLC using reversed phase column.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.207-210
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• 2004

Vitamin E, consisting of tocotrienols ($\textrm{T}_3$) and tocopherols ($\textrm{T}$) is well-known nutraceutical compound for its antioxidant, anticancer and cholesterol-low-ering activity. The contents of alpha ($\alpha\textrm{-}$), beta ($\beta\textrm{-}$), gamma ($\gamma\textrm{-}$) and delta ($\delta\textrm{-}$) tocotrienols and tocopheyols in some Korean crop seeds were evaluated by using HPLC after saponification. Among tested crops, total 73 contents (mg/110g) were purple perilla 25.06, barley 4.50, corn 3.54, iris 3.04, adlay 2.58, safflower 0.12. Other crops including 5 soybean cultivars, kidneybean, sunflower and perilla contained no tocotrienols. Regarding $\textrm{T}_3$ isomers, $\beta\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$ were rut observed in adlay and corn, and $\delta$-$\textrm{T}_3$ were not in iris aid purple perilla, while safflower exhibited no detectable $\alpha\textrm{-}$, $\beta\textrm{-}$ and $\delta\textrm{-}$$\textrm{T}_3$. Total T contents (mg/100g) were high in iris (51.82), perilla (40.90), soybean (34.11), sunflower (20.88), and they all contained all $\alpha\textrm{-}$, $\beta\textrm{-}$, $\gamma\textrm{-}$ and $\delta\textrm{-}$ tocopterol isomers. Total Vit E contents (T ＋ $\textrm{T}_3$, mg/100g) were iris 54.86, purple perilla 41.80, perilla 40.90, soybean 34.11, sunflower 20.88, safflower 14.73, corn 11.49, evening-primrose 10.07, barley 7.48, adlay 6.24 and kidneybean 5.27.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2013

Perilla frutescens, which comprises var. frutescens and var. crispa, has been cultivated traditionally in Asian countries as an edible oil, leaf vegetable, and medicinal crop. To evaluate the lipophilic phytonutrient properties of P. frutescens, we selected 54 Perilla accessions [19 landraces of var. frutescens (FL), 22 weedy type var. frutescens (FW), 9 weedy type var. crispa (CW), 2 cultivars of var. frutescens widely cultivated for seed oil (FCS), and 2 cultivars of var. frutescens cultivated as a leaf vegetable (FCL)] and analyzed their seeds and leaves for vitamin E, squalene, and phytosterols. Among the four vitamin E isomers analyzed, ${\gamma}$-tocopherol was the major form of vitamin E in seeds, whereas ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was the major form in leaves of all types of P. frutescens. The highest total vitamin E content in seeds was present in FL ($170.0mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$), whereas that in leaves was highest in FCL ($358.1mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$). The highest levels of squalene in seeds and leaves were in FL ($65.5mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) and CW ($719.3mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$), respectively. Among the three phytosterols, ${\beta}$-sitosterol occurred in the highest amount in both leaves and seeds of all of the crop types. Phytonutrient contents were comparatively higher in leaves than in seeds of all crop types. All of these results suggest that the consumption of leaves and seeds of Perilla crops could be beneficial to human health, as Perilla possesses considerable amounts of various lipophilic compounds.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

Drought is one of the major abiotic constraints limiting quantity and quality of rice grain. In order to elucidate the effects of drought on chemical compositions of rice grain, seedlings were cultivated in a rainout shelter controlled with well-watered or water-deficit conditions. After harvesting, the key components including proximates, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins of rice grains were analyzed. Drought stress increased the amounts of methionine, phenylalanine, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, calcium, potassium, vitamin B1, and vitamin E in rice grains, whereas it decreased the contents of lignoceric acid. Particularly, drought stress caused a marked increase in vitamin E content. These results indicate drought significantly influence the chemical compositions of rice grains.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 1994

The cultured olive flounder larvae given nutrient enriched rotifer, Artemia nauplii and commertial micro diet were investigated the changes of lipid content, fatty acid composition and vitamin E content in whole body with growth stages in order to compare with those of the wild one. The results obtained are as follows. 1) Lipid and vitamin E contents of the cultured larvae were higher than those of the wild one. 2) Clear differences of fatty acid composition with growth stages, especially 18: 2n-6 and 22 : 6n-3, were recognized between the wild and cultured olive flounder larvae. 3) Changes of lipid content, fatty acid composition and vitamin E content were found to be affected by dietary composition given to fish. 4) The wild olive flounder larvae were found to obtain natural live foods containing of low lipid content and high concentration 22: 6n-3 based on the fatty acid composition of the fish.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1123-1126
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• 2006

The nutritional composition of Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) fruiting body has been analyzed for medicinal and edible uses. The contents of crude fibers, carbohydrates, crude protein, moisture, crude fats and ashes were 43.3%, 26.3%, 12.8%, 12.6%, 3.3% and 1.7%, respectively. Eighteen amino acids were found in F. pinicola. Among total amino acids, glutamate content was the highest (457 mg/100 g dry mushroom) and arginine, glycine, valine, aspartate and isoleucine were followed. Concerning free amino acids, glutamine, arginine, trytophan, and glutamate were dominant. The vitamin E content was the highest (276 mg/100 g dry mushroom), then vitamin H and vitamin B, were followed. The mineral contents were as follows: K 165.06 mg, P77.57 mg, Mg 46.11 mg, Fe 21.56 mg, and Ca 16.90 mg based on 100 g dry mushroom.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.468-471
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• 2004

Tocotrienol $(T_3)$ and tocopherol (T) are well-known antioxidant vitamin E isomers that are enriched in rice bran, most of which is removed during polishing process. To verify the polishing-dependent fractional content of tocotrienol and tocopherol, harvested brown rice of 4 cultivars were polished by 4.0, 6.4, 8.0, 9.6, and $12\%$ (w/w) and resultant bran powder and rice were used for $T_3$ and T analysis. Polishing degree affected bran $T_3$ content in that bran polished by $6.4\%$ exhibited highest $T_3$ content compared to other polishing degrees except in cv. Chucheongbyeo which showed similar $T_3$ content from 4.0 to $8.0\%$ polishing. In case of tocopherol, bran polished by $8.0\%$ exhibited highest T content in all tested cultivars. In general, $T_3$ distributed in higher quantity in exterior i.e., in less polished bran, while T showed relatively less decrease with enhanced polishing degree. Consequently, total vitamin E content in bran as calculated by the summation of $T_3$ and T became less dependent on polishing degree in that bran polished between 6.4 to $9.6\%$ exhibited no statistical differences. The rice of cv. Chuchongbyeo, remained after polishing, exhibited similar vitamin E content up to $6.4\%$ polishing, above which significant vit E loss could be observed. These results suggest that polishing less than $6.4\%$ is desirable to minimize the loss of tocotrienols and tocopherols during polishing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1989

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of caffeine and vitamin E on the lipid composition of serum and liver in cholesterol-fed rats. Thirty-five male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing about $120{\pm}10\;g$ were divided into 5 groups, each group receiving a different diet for 6 weeks. i.e. basal diet (Basal group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol (Basal+Chol. group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and 0.25% caffeine (CF group), basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and 400ppm vitamin E (VE group), and basal diet supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol and caffeine plus vitamin E (CF+VE group). Net weight gain was significantly depressed only by caffeine supplementation. Serum total lipid was significantly decreased in VE and CF+VE groups. Serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were slightly increased by caffeine supplementation, whereas triglyceride (TG) was significantly decreased in CF, VE and CF+VE group. Contents of crude lipid and TG in liver were significantly reduced by supplementation of vitamin E. No differences in liver cholesterol were found among experimental groups. Histologically, Basal+Chol. group showed a spotty necrosis, including a profuse fine microvaculoar lipid accumnlation. CF group exhibited a mild inflammatory infiltration, as well as macro- and microvacuolar lipid accumulation. But those were regenerated by supplementation of vitamin E.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary oxidized oil and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder. To prepare oxidized diets, squid liver oil was oxidized by aeration at $25^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The six diets were prepared to contain 6% fresh or oxidized squid liver oil as the lipid sources in combination with three levels of ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate at 0, 80 and 800 mg/kg diet. Triplicate groups of fish ($3.9{\pm}0.1$) were fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 8 weeks. Survival was not significantly different among treatments. Weight gain, feed efficiency, daily feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor of fish fed the fresh oil diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the oxidized oil diets (P<0.05). The increase of the vitamin E level in diets did not result in any significant improvement on growth performance of fish fed both oil diets. The vitamin E content of the liver and dorsal muscle increased with increasing dietary vitamin E level at both oil diet groups. A decreasing trend in vitamin E content of the tissues was observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets at the same dietary vitamin E level. Significantly higher moisture content and lower crude lipid content were observed in the whole body of fish fed the oxidized oil diets than fish fed the fresh oil diets (P<0.05). Dietary lipid source affected the fatty acid content of the whole body; higher contents of saturated and monoenoic fatty acids, and lower n-3 HUFA contents such as 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets than those of fish fed fresh oil diets. The results of this study suggest that the dietary oxidized oil may impair the growth performance, and an increase in ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate supplementation have no beneficial effect on growth and feed efficiency of juvenile flounder.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.485-491
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• 2009

In order to examine the nutritional value of prickly pear(Opuntia humifusa), contents of ash, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins were determined on freeze-dried stem, fruit, seed and root from plants harvested in autumn. The average moisture contents for stem, fruit, seed and root were 67~87%. Crude ash content determined on dry weight basis was 2~3%. Crude protein existed mostly in seed(2.95%) and root(2.37%). Crude fat was detected mainly in seed(4.49%). Contents of major minerals(mg/100 mg dry weight) was generally higher in stem. Ca in stem(4,142.30) and fruit(2,790.86) were much higher than in seed(43.37). P in stem, seed and fruit were 448.19, 263.20 and 161.59, respectively. Stem also displayed more abundant Mg(1,110.86), Zn(35.62) and Mn(37.07). However, fruit contained higher amounts of Fe(13.38) and Se(0.15). Vitamin A was negligible in all plant parts. Vitamin E contents in fruit and stem were 1.78 mg and 1.22 mg/mg dry weight, respectively. Vitamin C was detected mostly in fruit(445.40) and stem(260.94). Use of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-based microtiter assay of cell viability demonstrated an anti-proliferative effect of O. humifusa extract on the MCF-7 estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cell line.