• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2012

The objectives of this study were to investigate the antioxidant activity of Schizandra chinensis seed oil and its active ingredients. Schizandra chinensis seed oil content extracted with hexane was 36.06%. Schizandra chinensis seed oil extracted with hexane was purified during 20 min at $85^{\circ}C$ with phosphoric acid 0.15% for degumming and 20 min at $80^{\circ}C$ with 3 M NaOH 1% for deaciding. The purified oil consisted of unsaturated fatty acid (88.7%), fatty acid (9.97%), and so on. The major unsaturated fatty acids of purified oil were linoleic acid (71.1%) followed by oleic acid (15.7%), while the main saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid (6.56%). The purified oil was found that contents of phenolic compounds, vitamin A, and E were 1.45 g/100 g, 1494.86 RE/100 g, and 0.58 mg ${\alpha}$-TE/100 g, respectively. Schizandra chinensis seed oil exhibited strong antioxidant activity (91.7%) as compared to grape seed oil and canola seed oil with 87.4% and 85.1% in the DPPH assays. Present results suggest that Schizandra chinensis seed oil could be potentially used as bioactive source for health and preventing numerous diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2002

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin A or $\beta$-carotene on oxidative damage induced by acute ethanol administration. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on the experimental diets supplemented with retinyl acetate (2.86 mg/kg diet) or $\beta$-carotene (15.2 mg/kg diet) for 5 weeks. After fed the diet, rats were administered 20% ethanol solution (3g/kg B.W.) acutely. Lipid peroxide values in hepatic tissue, hepatic antioxidative enzyme activities and contents of antioxidative nutrient such as vitamins A and E in serum and hepatic tissue were measured. Hepatic level of malondialdehyde decreased in $\beta$-carotene group compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between retinal acetate and $\beta$-carotene groups. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in retinal acetate group than in the control group. Hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activity of retinal acetate and $\beta$-carotene groups significantly decreased as compared with that of control group. The hepatic content of retinol increased in retinal acetate and $\beta$-carotene groups, especially, in retinyl acetate group. But there was no significant difference in serum content of retinol among the groups. Hepatic content of $\alpha$-tocopherol was significantly increased in retinyl acetate and $\beta$-carotene groups. In conclusion, acute ethanol administration might induce lipid peroxidation, and the dietary supplementation of retinyl acetate or $\beta$-carotene improve partly the antioxidative system through activation of superoxide dismutase and retention of hepatic $\alpha$-tocopherol in ethanol-treated rats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.526-533
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of strong acidic electrolyzed acid water (SAEW; Strong acidic electrolyzed water, pH 2.76, ORP 1,128 mV, HClO 105.0 ppm) and low alkaline electrolyzed water (LAEW; Low alkaline electrolyzed water, pH 8.56, ORP 660 mV, HClO 73.8 ppm) as storing liquid for peeled lotus root. During storage at $5^{\circ}C$, it was showed that SAEW and LAEW inhibit growth of microorganisms until at least 5 days of storage. Total phenolic contents, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and color differences value $({\Delta}E)$ of peeled lotus roots stored in SAEW and LAEW were lower than that of one stored in TW (tap water). The hardness decrement of lotus roots stored in SAEW and LAEW were lower than that of lotus root stored in TW too. Contents of moisture crude protein crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, and total sugars were gradually decreased during storage. Whereas vitamin C content of lotus root stored in 0.6% acetic acid was most rapidly decreased to 25% as compared with one of initial days of storage that of lotus roots stored in SAEW and LAEW was not decreased significantly as compared with one stored in TW. Sensory characteristic during storage was preferable on lotus root stored in SAEW to the other treatments.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.537-544
• /
• 1993

Super-giant-embryo mutant line (Hwacheong-ge$^s$) with high nutritional quality was developed from Hwacheongbyeo, a Korean Japonica cultivar. Grain weight of brown rice of Hwacheong-ge$^s$ line was lighter than of Hwacheongbyeo. However, embryo dry weight of the line was 3.22 times heavier than that of Hwacheongbyeo on the single grain base. Hwacheong-ge$^s$ line showed higher protein(8.99%) than the original variety(7.39%), without changes in storage protein. In amino acid composition, lysine content was greatly increased in the mutant, while the contents of methionine, serine and tyrosine were slightly decreased as compared with the original one. Lipid content of Hwacheong-ge$^s$ line was 1.5 times higher compared with that of Hwacheongbyeo. The contents of Vitamin Bl, B2, and E(${\alpha}$-tocopherol) were also greatly increased in Hwacheong-ge$^s$line. The grain yields of the mutant lines ranged from 69.2% to 78.8% compared with that of Hwacheongbyeo, 556kg /10a. Most of the mutant lines of M4 generation were homogeneous for growth characters, and some of them seemed to be readily applicable for farmer's field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.467-473
• /
• 2010

The objectives of this study were to determine various bio-active components from some brown rice and milled rice of some cultivars, as well as to assess their contribution to the radical scavenging linked-antioxidant activity. DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging activities, and reducing power have been used to investigate the relative antioxidant activities of 70% ethanol extracts. The contents of total polyphenol, total flavonoid, $\gamma$-oryzanol, and vitamin E in the extracts were also measured by spectrophotometric methods or HPLC. The antioxidant components and antioxidant activities of 70% ethanol extracts from brown rice were higher than those from milled rice. In addition, our results showed that the high level of antioxidant compounds was found in brown rice of Hongjinju, and the antioxidant activities of the 70% ethanol extracts from pigmented brown rices, such as Hongjinju and Heugkwang, were comparably higher than the others.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.82-88
• /
• 2013

Eleven types of nuts and seeds were analyzed to determine their energy (326-733 mg), moisture (1.6-18.3 mg), carbohydrate (8.8-70.9 mg), protein (4.9-30.5 mg), lipid (2.5-69.8 mg), and ash (1.2-5.5 mg) contents per 100 g of sample. Energy content was highest in pine nuts (733 mg/100 g), carbohydrate level was highest in dried figs (70.9 mg/100 g) and protein was highest in peanuts (30.5 mg/100 g). The amino acid compositions of nuts and seeds were characterized by the dominance of hydrophobic (range = 1,348.6-10,284.6 mg), hydrophilic (range = 341.1-3,244.3 mg), acidic (range = 956.1-8,426.5 mg), and basic (range = 408.6-4,738.5 mg) amino acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were highest in macadamia nuts (81.3%), whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were highest in the walnuts (76.7%). Macadamia nuts did not contain any vitamin E, whereas sunflower seeds contained the highest level (60.3 mg/kg). Iron (Fe) content was highest in pumpkin seeds ($95.85{\pm}33.01$ ppm), zinc (Zn) content was highest in pistachios ($67.24{\pm}30.25$ ppm), copper (Cu) content was greatest in walnuts ($25.45{\pm}21.51$ ppm), and lead (Pb) content was greatest in wheat nuts ($25.49{\pm}4.64$ ppm), significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, current commercial nuts and seeds have no safety concerns, although further analysis of Pb contents is necessary to ensure safety.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.217-236
• /
• 1999

Among polyunsaturated fatty acids (PURAs) targeted for manipulation in animal tissues (poultry eggs and meat), omega-3 PUFAs(n-3 PUFAs) are discussed in this review. 3 or 5% dietary menhaden oil (MO) supplemented layer diets was reported to increase docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents in the egg. MO at 1.5% also increased the deposition of up to 180mg total omega-3 fatty acids / yolk. Utilization of 5% ground flax seed (FS) resulted in similar total omega-3 fatty acid (FA) deposition as 1.5% MO. However, the basic feed formulations used in the Canadian feed industry usually include 10 to 20% FS in the egg laying diets. Recently several studies reported that addition of tocopherols in layer diets increased the tocopherol content more in the egg than any other tissue. One of reports said that 3.5% dietary oil with added tocopherols resulted in increasing tocopherol deposition and FA composition of the egg and other tissues. In the poultry meat, redfish meal (RM;4, 8, 12, 15 and 30% of diet) or redfish oil (RO;2.1 or 4.2% of diet) added to the practical corn-wheat-soybean based diets resulted in an increase in omega-3 FA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) contents in broiler meat lipids. Linseed oil (LO;1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% of broiler diet) supplemented in broiler diets also resulted in omega-3 FA and the ratio of omega-6 being significantly higher in poultry meat lipid than MO. Concern about fish flavor resulted in research about fish oil (FO) supplementation in broiler diets. Without the use of antioxidants, no more than 1.5% FO should be fed to broilers due to unacceptable orders from the chicken carcasses. One recent research project found that over 50mg/kg of vitamin E was required for maintaining the stability of unsaturated lipids in the meat. In regards to 'fishy'or 'crabby'taint in the eggs and poultry meat, poultry products remained acceptable when dietary fish oils were stabilized with antioxidants.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.529-534
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The leaves of Moringa oleifera (MO) and Moringa stenopetala (MS) commonly grown in Ethiopia possess potential nutritional and medicinal value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and functional characteristics of the dried leaf powder from two Moringa species to develop sustainable nutritional supplements for Ethiopians from locally grown plant sources. MATERIALS/METHODS: Freshly harvested and air-dried MO and MS leaves were authenticated and the nutritional contents, such as protein, ash, lipids, and selected vitamins and minerals, were analyzed using standard analytical procedures. Amino acid compositions were also determined by an amino acid analyzer. Nine-week-old mice were randomly divided into four groups to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Moringa. The first group was fed a basal diet, the second group a high-fat diet, and the others were fed a high-fat diet containing 0.1% Moringa leaf powder from each species. After seven weeks, serum indices related to lipid profiles from each mouse were analyzed. RESULTS: The present study revealed high protein (28-29%) and ash (7-11%) contents. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, and leucine were the most abundantly found amino acids in both species. The predominant minerals in the leaf powder were calcium (826-1,530 mg/100 g), potassium (794-904 mg/100 g), and magnesium (286-431 mg/100 g). Pyridoxine (475.06 mg/100 g) and vitamin E (34.2 mg/100 g) were found only in MS. Niacin was found only in MO at 32.21 mg/100 g, whereas ascorbic acid was found in both species (3.89 and 6.19 mg/100 g dry weight for MO and MS, respectively). The results of the animal study showed that mice on a high-fat diet containing 0.1% MO leaf powder alleviated the elevation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol induced by the high fat diet. MO was more effective than MS in preventing hypercholesterolemia and fat deposition. CONCLUSION: The findings in this work confirmed that Moringa leaves of both MO and MS possessed high nutritional value but MO was better at preventing the harmful effects of the high-fat diet than MS.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2000

Lipid peroxidation is one of the main manifestations of oxidative damage and has been found play an important role in the toxicity and carcinogenesis of many carcinogens. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of aflatoxin B$_1$co-administrated with antioxidant vitamins on lipid contents and fatty acids components of liver in mice. For this work, vita-min C and vitamin E, the major antioxidants, were administrated with 10 mg/kg and 63.8 mg/kg respectively, through intraperitoneal(i.p) injection to male ICR mice, and 0.4 mg/kg of the AFB$_1$injected by i.p. 1hr later. The results were as follows: two fold amounts of free cholesterol, triglyceride, and total cholesterol in serum and liver of mice treated with only AFB$_1$were observed, when compared to those of mice co-administrated with antioxidant vitamins. However, the levels of phospholipids in serum and liver of mice treated with only AFB$_1$were decreased. Concerning to fatty acids composition of liver from AFB$_1$-treated mice, P/S ratio was shown more low level in cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipid than those of mice co-administrated with antioxidant vitamins. In these data which provide with a reliable evidence on their antioxidantal effects to aflatoxicosis.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.575-583
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the major chemical components of dried baked garlic powder. The proximate compositions of baked garlic powder as a dry-matter basis were 5.30% moisture, 36.89% crude protein, 12.60% crude fat, 4.36% crude ash, 2.88% dietary tiber, and 37.97% carbohydrate, respectively. The major free sugars were identified as fructose and galactose. In the analysis of the total amino acids, 18 kinds of components were isolated from baked garlic powder. The essential amino acid contained in baked garlic powder accounted for 36.60% of total amino acids, while the non-essential amino acids accounted for 63.40%. The major unsaturated fatty acids of total lipids were linoleic acid. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (P/S ratio) was 5.77. Oxalic acid was the major organic acids. The contents of vitamin A, C, and E were 0.064, 1.452, and 0.037 mg%, respectively. The mineral contents of baked garlic powder were greater, in order of K>Mg>Ca>Na>Zn>Fe. The total polyphenol, flavonoids and thiosulfates contents of baked-garlic ethanol extract were $2.85{\pm}0.05$ mg/100 g, $0.97{\pm}0.04$ mg/100 g and $0.61{\pm}0.02$ OD/g, respectively.