• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of obesity intervention programs, and its effects on endothelium function in adolescents. Method: This was a descriptive research study, that investigated domestic and international literature 2009-2018. Using databases inside and outside of Korea to search for 'adolescent', 'obese adolescent', 'exercise', 'program', or 'intervention', and 'endothelium function', a total of 14 literature have been selected for 6 domestic research and 8 international research, excluding overlapping, case studies, literature reviews, and unrelated studies. Results: Interventions for enhancing endothelium function were exercise program, diet, vitamin D3 treatment, and Orlistat intake relative to international research, and combined exercise and purple sweet potato intake, in most domestic research. Dependent variables included FMD, RHI, NMD, EPCs, and EMPs, for measuring endothelium function in international research, and PWV, FMD and RHI, in domestic research. Conclusion: Results of this study confirmed that application of obese intervention programs, may improve endothelium function in adolescents. Further studies are required, to develop nursing intervention, that would enhance endothelium function in adolescents.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.379-390
• /
• 2021

In this study, we produced kimchi with cooked Dioscorea batatas yam. Sliced kimchi cabbage, processed white radish kimchi (kkakdugi), and whole kimchi cabbage were prepared with 3% Dioscorea batatas, the nutritional and sensory properties were evaluated. The three types of D. opposita kimchi showed energy content in the range of 35-40 kcal per 100 g, and no crude fat, saturated fat, trans fat, or cholesterol was detected. Sodium content was 450-650 mg, with sliced cabbage kimchi showing the highest concentration. The vitamin C content increased significantly after 28 days of storage, with the sliced cabbage kimchi and whole-cabbage kimchi showing larger increases than the radish kimchi. All three types of D. opposita kimchi showed high Ca, K, and Mg contents. The whole-cabbage kimchi maintained salinity at a level of 2.38-2.72% from immediately after preparation to 28 days of storage compared to sliced cabbage kimchi and radish kimchi. Sliced cabbage and whole kimchi cabbage kimchi showed an increase in lightness and a decrease in redness with longer storage duration. Compared to the control groups, the experimental groups (with added D. opposita) showed higher yellowness. The hardness of the three types of kimchi decreased with longer storage duration. In sensory evaluation, there were no significant differences between the control groups and the experimental groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.321-329
• /
• 2022

Riboflavin and its derivatives, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are key components of mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidation-reduction reactions. Proposed dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), that is, estimated average requirements (EARs), for riboflavin, based on current knowledge of riboflavin and riboflavin derivative levels, and glutathione reductase activity, are 1.3 mg/d for men aged 19-64 years and 1.0 mg/d for women aged 19-64 years. By applying a coefficient of variance of 10%, reference nutrient intakes (RNIs) were set at 1.5 mg/d for men aged 19-64 years and 1.2 mg/d for women aged 19-64 years. Likewise, EARs and RNIs of riboflavin intake were proposed for all age groups and women in specific life stages such as pregnancy. Mean adult riboflavin intake for adults aged ≥ 19 years was 1.69 mg/d in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2020, which was 124.9% of EAR according to the 2020 KDRIs. In the 2015-2017 KNHANES study, the mean riboflavin intake from foods and supplements was 2.79 mg/d for all age groups, and 32.7% of individuals consumed less riboflavin than EAR according to the 2020 KDRIs. For those that used supplements, mean intakes were 1.50 mg/d for riboflavin from foods, 10.26 mg/d from supplements, and 11.76 mg/d from food and supplements, and 5.5% of individuals consumed less riboflavin than EAR. Although the upper limit of riboflavin has not been established, the merits of increasing supplement use warrant further consideration. Also, additional epidemiologic and intervention studies are required to explore the role of riboflavin in the etiology of chronic diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.24 no.3 s.78
• /
• pp.214-222
• /
• 1996

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data on artificial culture of Phellinus linteus. The optimum condition for the mycelial growth was $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and pH $6.0{\sim}7.0$. The carbon sources such as D-glucose, D-mannose and Dextrose were favorable to mycelial growth. As nitrogen sources, peptone, cassamino acid and glutamic acid appeared to be favorable. The optimum C/N ratio was about 20:1, when 2% of glucose was provided as a carbon source. The better organic acids and vitamin among tested ones were gallic, silicic acids and biotin. The mineral nutrients of $KH_2PO_4,\;FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O,\; MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O,\;ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ were effective and the optimum concentrations were 0.05, 0.001, 0.02 and 0.003%, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.496-506
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate dietary flavonoids intake of Korean adolescents. Methods: Using data from the 2007-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 3,957 subjects aged 12-18 were included in this study. We estimated individual daily intake of total flavonoid and six flavonoid classes including flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, and isoflavones by linking food consumption data with the flavonoids in the commonly consumed food database. The distribution of sociodemographic, health-related, and dietary factors according to flavonoids intake was examined. Results: Average dietary flavonoids intake of the study subjects was 195.6 mg/d in girls, and 189.4 mg/d in boys. The highest flavonoids intake group consumed significantly more fiber, vitamin C, legumes, fruits, and vegetables (p < 0.01) and less fat, grains, meats and dairy foods than other lower consumption groups (p < 0.001). Dietary flavonoid intake showed negative correlation with waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study provided basic data for estimation of flavonoids intake of Korean adolescents. Further research will be required for analysis of the association of flavonoids intake and health-related factors such as cardiovascular risk factors.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.304-319
• /
• 2023

Previous studies have suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have several health benefits. However, their effect on changes in skeletal muscle mass and strength has not been established, owing to differences in study designs. This systematic review aimed to investigate the recent evidence regarding the role of dietary EPA and DHA in muscle mass changes and their association with muscle strength. Databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials and single-arm interventions that investigated the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and body composition in adults aged 18 years and older. A total of 18,521 studies were retrieved from the databases and manual searches; 21 studies were quality assessed, and the findings were summarized. Studies were categorized into 3 main categories according to the type of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation: pure compounds such as oil tablets, formulated forms with protein, leucine, and vitamin D, and ingredients added to enteral nutrition support products. Overall, the majority of the study results appeared to indicate that omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial for muscle health. However, meta-analysis was not conducted because of the heterogeneity of the study participants, evaluation method of muscle indices, and intervention periods among the studies. High-quality studies are required to validate our conclusions. However, this systematic review of the effects of EPA and DHA on skeletal muscle and body composition provides evidence that can be applied in both clinical and industrial settings.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.36-45
• /
• 1998

Dietary and other factors affecting bone density of 32 Korean healthy college women aged 19-23 years were assessed. Data for food and nutrient intake was obtained by a semiquantitiative food frequency questionnaire. Serum samples were anlayzed for total Ca, P, Ca++, PTH, calcitonin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol , (25-OH-Vit D3) and BMDs of lumbar spine(L2-L4), femoral neck(FN), ward's triangle (WT) and trochanter(TR) were measured by an XR-series X-ray bone densitometer. Relationships between the factors and BMDs were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient(r). The results are summarized as follows. Mean daily intake of energy(86.1%), Ca(74.3%), vitamin A (53.75), Fe(49.75) and vitamin B$_2$(86.6%) were lower while other notrients incuding P(126%) were higher than the Korean RDA. The BMDs of lumbar spines and femurs ranged from 0.73g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 1.23g/$\textrm{cm}^2$and 0.48g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 1.04g/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. Both protein and P intakes were inversely associated with serum total Ca. Furthermore, Ca intake as well as Ca/P ratio (Ca/P) were inversely associated with serum ionized Ca(Ca++) concentration. The intakes of protein P and Ca , however, were not significantly associated with the BMDs measured in this study. There were little association between BMDs and alcoholic beverage or caffeine consumption. The only significant association detected was a positive relationship between caffeine consumption and BMD of WT. It seemed to be noticeable that BMDs of L2-L$_4$, FN and WT were significantly inversely associated with serum P concentration. However, there was no significant association between BMDs and the levels of total Ca to Ca++ in serum. Body weight was positively associated with BMD of lumbar spine and BMI was also positively associated with BMDs of FN and WT. The subjects who had an early menarche appeared to have higher BMDs than those who had had a late mearche. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis. Menarche and BMI were stronger determinants of BMDs in the young women than was diet. P intake appeared to be a more potent dietary determinant than Ca intake. The three factors, menarche, BMI , and P intake , additionally accounted for 24% and 378% of the variance in BMDs of FN and L$_2$-L$_4$, respectively. Further investigation is necessary to determine the factors needed to increase serum P level which negatively affects. BMD in young Korean college women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.379-385
• /
• 2015

The nutritional components of astringent persimmons according to growing region (five different regions) and cultivar (Daebong and Bansi) were analyzed. The analyzed nutritional components were proximate compositions, insoluble and soluble dietary fibers, vitamin C, carotenes (${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene), free sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), sugar alcohols (xylitol, sorbitol, and mannitol), minerals (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn), organic acids (tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, and succinic acid), tannic acid, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Daebong and Bansi, which are representative cultivars of astringent persimmons grown in Korea, exhibited significant differences in nutritional components. Insoluble dietary fibers, ${\beta}$-carotene, fructose, sucrose, mannitol, potassium, malic acid, succinic acid, and total phenolic compounds were present at higher levels in Daebong as compared to Bansi. On the other hand, Bansi was rich in moisture, crude protein, vitamin C, Ca, Mn, tartaric acid, and flavonoids. Nutritional components were highly influenced by growing region. Daebong grown in region A was greater in ${\beta}$-carotene, sorbitol, mannitol, zinc, and total phenolic compounds among the all other tested persimmons grown in five different regions. The crude protein, Na, Ca, Mn, tartaric acid, and flavonoids were highest in Bansi grown in E region.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.86-91
• /
• 2016

Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species is ascribed to many neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. Phenolic antioxidants can reduce the oxidative stress. In this study, ripe fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OFS) were extracted using 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the OFS fruits (100 g) were 409.9 mg gallic acid equivalents and 72.2 mg catechin equivalents, respectively. The OFS fruits had antioxidant capacity at 381.2, 298.2, and 3,219.9 mg vitamin C equivalents/100 g in ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays, respectively. The OFS fruits showed protective effects on PC-12 cells against oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, partly due to decrease of intracellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, the OFS fruits inhibited both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Consequently, these results suggest that the OFS fruits might be served as a source of functional materials to reduce oxidative stress in neuronal cells and to inhibit cholinesterases.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.95-113
• /
• 2021

This study examined the food group and dietary nutrient intakes by sugar-sweetened beverage(SSB) intake level in high school students aged 15~18 years(n=2,377) using the 2007~2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects were classified into three groups by SSB(included carbonated drinks, sports drinks, and caffeinated drinks that contained added sugars) intake level obtained from 24-hour recall method: SSB 1(SSB intake 0 g/d), SSB 2(0 g/d < SSB intake < 50th percentile) and SSB 3(SSB intake ≥ 50th percentile). Result of daily intakes of SSB were 160.6±10.5 g/d for boys and 98.6±7.1 g/d for girls and it increased for boys(p<0.0001) and girls(p=0.0280) by year. The highest intakes were carbonated drinks followed by fruit juices for boys and girls. Intakes of carbonated drinks increased as 2.7 times for boys(p<0.0001) and 1.6 times for girls between 2007 and 2015 year. Daily intakes of vegetables were the lowest in SSB 3 of three groups for boys and girls(p<0.0001), and those of fruits were lower in SSB 2 and SSB 3 than SSB 1 for boys(p=0.0013). Daily intakes of milk & milk products decreased toward SSB 3 group for boys(p<0.0001) while those were the lowest in SSB 3 of three groups for girls. Daily intakes of dietary fiber(21.3~25.3%) and calcium(49.6~59.8%) were very low compared to the dietary reference intakes. Percentage of daily intakes compared to the dietary reference intakes increased for energy for boys and girls(p<0.0001) while decreased for vitamin C toward SSB 3 group for boys(p<0.0001) and girls(p=0.0382). Those of calcium were the lowest in SSB 3 of three groups for boys(p<0.0001) and girls(p=0.0008). Ratio of excess intakes of energy/fat increased toward SSB 3 group for boys and girls(p=0.0002). Ratio of calcium deficiency was not different among groups but that was very high(85.9~92.5%). Therefore, it should be emphasized to reduce SSB intakes in order to improve diversity in food group and dietary nutrient intakes among high school students through dietary education and government support.