• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

As an indicator of skin health, acidified skin surface pH ranging from 5 to 7 is crucial for maintaining skin barrier. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between skin pH and dietary pattern (DP) as well as nutrient or food intake in 48 healthy middle aged adults. Skin pH was measured in the skin surface of the inner arm, and blood lipid profile was analyzed. Dietary intake data were obtained using 1 day 24 hour recall method, and DP was extracted using factor analysis. Results revealed that skin pH ranged from 5.15 to 6.88 in all subjects. There was no significant difference in skin pH between males and females. When subjects were grouped by tertile of skin pH, the food intake of fruit, and the nutrient intake of omega 6 fatty acid, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, and riboflavin in the first tertile group with skin pH ranging from 5.15 to 5.68 were significantly higher than in the third tertile group with skin pH ranging from 6.26 to 6.88. There was no difference in blood lipid profile between the first and the third tertile group. Among 5 DP extracted by factor analysis, DP5 characterized by a high intake of nuts and fruits as well as a low intake of beverages and alcohol was inversely correlated with skin pH after adjusting for gender and age. DP5 was positively correlated with nutrient intake of carbohydrate, fiber, potassium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, thiamine, and riboflavin but negatively correlated with sodium after adjusting for gender, age, smoking, and energy intake. Therefore, acidified skin pH could be maintained by these DP and nutrients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2016

한국 성인 여성들을 대상으로 비타민 D 영양상태에 대한 기초자료를 얻고자 혈청 $25(OH)D_3$ 수준, 신체계측 및 체조성 분석, 일조시간 활동량, 혈중 지질 농도 및 아디포카인 농도를 측정하여, 혈중 $25(OH)D_3$ 수준과 비만지표와의 관계를 분석하였다. 156명의 연구 대상자 중 혈중 $25(OH)D_3$ 농도가 12 ng/ml 미만은 77% (121명)로 결핍상태에 해당하였고, 12~19.9 ng/ml는 19.2% (30명)으로 불충분상태에 해당하였으며 충분상태에 해당하는 20 ng/ml 이상은 3.2% (5명)으로 나타났다. 혈중 $25(OH)D_3$ 농도는 체중, 체질량지수, 체지방량, 허리엉덩이 비율과 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있어 비만지표와 양의 상관성을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 우리나라 성인 여성의 비타민 D 영양상태가 취약한 상태이고, 비만과의 관련 가능성이 있음을 나타내며, 이에 비타민 D 결핍예방을 위한 방안 강구가 필요함을 시사한다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2005

Reactive oxygen species can be generated in the skin by hair dyeing. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of the oxidative-type hair dye application in young women on the antioxidant systems. We investigated the lipid peroxide levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, and the antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in plasma and erythrocytes and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes, and DNA damages in lymphocytes. Also, plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, vitamin A and E, were measured and the correlations between various antioxidant parameters and oxidative damages were evaluated The antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma (GSHPx) and in erythrocytes (SOD and CAT) were decreased significantly after hair dyeing. 1be lipid peroxide and GSH levels were not affected in both plasma and erythrocytes. No significant difference was found in the concentrations of both vitamin A and E between before and after hair dyeing. However, DNA damages expressed as the tail extent moment (TEM) and tail length (TL) were significantly (p<0.001) increased. The plasma vitamin E concentration was correlated with DNA damages (TEM: r=-0.590, p<0.01 and TL: r=-0.533. p<0.01) and RBC SOD activity (r=0.570, p<0.05). In turn, RBC SOD activity was significantly correlated with both plasma MDA levels (r=-0.412, p<0.05) and DNA damages (TM: r=-0.546, p<0.01, TL: r=-0.493, p<0.01). Our results demonstrated that the exposure to hair dyeing produced lymphocyte DNA damage and modification of the antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, there were very strong associations between plasma vitamin E concentration, RBC SOD activity and DNA damage induced by hair dyeing. It suggests that the antioxidant status of a subject is likely to be related to the extent of the harmful effects caused by hair dyeing.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and correlation of anthropometric data, eating behaviors, and nutrient intake on the bone mineral density(BMD) of female college students. 349 female college students were surveyed and their age, height, and weight were an average of 20.5 years, 163.2 cm and 54.0 kg, respectively. Their average BMI was 20.2, with 66% falling in the normal range, 21.8% classified as underweight, 8.0% as overweight, and obese individuals comprised 3.4% of the sample by BMI classification. Calcaneal BMD was measured and the average T-score was 0.117. The results of BMD measurements were normal in 268 people(76.8%), osteopenia was found in 71 individuals(20.3%), and osteoporosis in 10(2.9%), respectively. There was a significant difference in bone mineral density according to height(p<0.05) and BMI (p<0.01). There were significant differences between BMD and eating behavior, regularity of eating behaviors(p<0.05), instant food intake(p<0.05), eating out(p<0.05) and nutritional supplement intake(p<0.05). In addition, normal the group with normal BMD had a more desirable eating behavior compared to the osteopenia and osteoporosis afflicted groups. BMD had a significant difference according to the nutrient intake of calcium(p<0.05), vitamin A(p<0.05), and vitamin C(p<0.05). In conclusion, BMD showed a good correlation with height(p<0.01), BMI(p<0.01), body composition including total body water(p<0.05), FFM(p<0.05), body protein(p<0.05) and intake of calcium(p<0.05), iron(p<0.05), vitamin A(p<0.05), and vitamin C(p<0.05). Therefore, an education plan and training on balanced diets proper body weight control, and desirable eating behaviors for female college students will be needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.46-61
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• 1998

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin D nutritional status on bone mineral density of adults (21-49 years). To attain the aim, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) of the subjects at distal radius by single-photon absorptiometry (SPA). Serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-(OH)D) , known to be the best indicator of indicator of vitamin D status in humans was analyzed . The factors affecting this vitamin D level were also investigated in autumn in 122 young adults. Serum level of 25-(OH)D was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC) and biochemical variables, general health status, time spent outdoors, and dietary intakes of the subjects. BMD of the male subjects was significantly greater than that of female subjects. Weight, activity and total energy expediture (TEE) showed a positive correlation with distal BMD. The mean level of serum 25-(OH)D was 24.4$\pm$11.0 ng./ml and by sex, 26.0$\pm$6.8ng/ml for males and 23.3$\pm$12.3ng/ml for females , the level was significantly higher in male (p<0.01). there was significant correlation between BMD at distal-radius and s-25(OH)D levels (p<0.001). The serum level fo parathyroid hormone (PTH) showed a negative correlation with BMD(p<0.05), with the more obvious correlation in females. Vitamin D intake was estimated to be 3.75$\pm$2.19ug/day in average. Among the nutrients studied, protein ,fat, calcium , and vitamin D intake were positively correlated with distal BMD. When food frequencies were concerned , milk and dairy products showed a significant positive correlation with the BMD level, and driedfoods, eggs , fats and oils, and cereals also showed a positive correlation. Time spent outdoors was estimated to be about 70 minutes in average and positively correlated with the distal BMD level(p<0.01). During the day, the specific time between 12 :00pm and 2:00pm showed the most significant correlation with BMD (p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis with the variables showed that distal BMD could be fit 31.9% by the time spent outdoors a day, intake of Ca and vitamin D, and TEE. The standardized estimates were 0.344 for vitamin D intake, 0.284 for Ca intake 0.179 for the time spent outdoors a day and 0.273 for TEE. For males, s-25*OH)D level, TEE and time spent outdoors during a day showed a significant correlation. For females, intake of Ca and vitamin D could fit about 27.1% of the distal BMD.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1985-1990
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of fat-soluble vitamin injection on plasma and tissue vitamin status in nursery pigs. Methods: A total of 16 pigs (initial body weight: 7.15±1.1 kg) were allotted to 2 treatments at d 7 post-weaning. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with no supplemental vitamin A and i.m. injected with 300,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, 900 IU of d-α-tocopherol and 30,000 IU of vitamin D₃ with control pigs having no vitamin injection. Blood (d 0, 3, 7, and 14 post-injection) and tissue samples (liver, brain, heart, lung, and muscle; d 7 and 14 post-injection) were collected from pigs. Retinyl palmitate, retinol, and α-tocopherol concentrations were analyzed in plasma and tissues, while plasma was assayed for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD₃). Results: Plasma retinol and 25-OHD₃ concentrations increased by the vitamin injection from d 3 to 14 post-injection (p<0.05) whereas plasma retinyl palmitate was detected only in the vitamin treatment at d 3 and 7 post-injection (115.51 and 4.97 ㎍/mL, respectively). Liver retinol, retinyl palmitate, and retinol+retinyl palmitate concentrations increased by retinyl palmitate injection at d 7 and 14 post-injection (p<0.05) whereas those were not detected in the other tissues. The d-α-tocopherol injection increased α-tocopherol concentrations in plasma at d 3 and 7 post-injection (p<0.05) and in liver, heart (p<0.10), and muscle (p<0.05) at d 7 post-injection. Conclusion: Fat-soluble vitamin injection increased plasma status of α-tocopherol, retinol, retinyl palmitate and 25-OHD₃. As plasma levels decreased post-injection, vitamin A level in liver and vitamin E level in muscle, heart and liver increased. The α-tocopherol found in plasma after injection was distributed to various tissues but retinyl palmitate only to the liver.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2022

칼슘과 함께 뼈 건강에 필수적이나, 그 섭취량이 부족하여 문제가 되고 있는 비타민 D를 쉽게 보충할 수 있는 새로운 제형으로 천연 고분자 물질인 히알루론산을 기반으로 한 비타민 D 함유 구강용해필름(orally disintegrating film, ODF)을 개발하고 비타민 D 함량에 따른 필름의 특성을 분석하였다. 첨가량은 2020 한국인 영양소섭취기준의 비타민 D 하루 충분섭취량(400IU: 10 ㎍)을 기준으로 4, 7배, 그리고 상한섭취량인 10배로 설정하였다. 제조한 필름의 두께는 기반물질의 농도가 가장 높은 대조군이 가장 두꺼웠고, 비타민 D 첨가량에 따른 유의적 차이는 없었다(p<0.05). 비타민 D 첨가군간 필름의 수분함량의 차이는 없었으며, 첨가량이 많아질수록 투습도는 다소 감소하는 경향을 보여 소수성 물질인 비타민 D가 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 비타민 D의 함량이 높아질수록 필름의 명도는 10AI만 유의적으로 높았으며, 적색도는 감소하고 황색도는 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이와 같은 색도특성은 첨가한 비타민 D 시료 자체 색의 영향을 받은 것으로 보인다. 대조군과 비교하였을 때 비타민 D의 증가는 불투명도를 유의적으로 증가시켰으며(p<0.05), 7AI와 10AI에서 가장 높은 불투명도를 보였다. 다른 친수성 고분자 필름과 달리 본 연구에서 제조된 히알루론산 기반 필름은 가소제의 첨가 없이도 타 연구의 필름에 비교하여 높은 인장강도(84.40-106.6 MPa)(p<0.05)와, 비슷한 수준의 연신율(4.71-9.43%)(p>0.05)을 갖는 질감 특성을 보였다. HPLC/MS 분석을 통해 필름 내의 실제 비타민 D 함량을 분석한 결과, 제조 과정 중 비타민 D의 손실이 발견되었으며 이로 인해 목표섭취량(2020 한국인 영양소섭취기준 비타민 D 충분섭취량)을 충족하기 위해서는 제조 기준의 1.5-2배를 섭취하는 것이 적절할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서는 생체물질인 히알루론산을 기반으로 비타민 D를 쉽게 섭취할 수 있는 새로운 제형을 개발하였으며, 비타민 D 첨가로 인한 필름의 특성이 향상되는 결과를 이용하여 구강용해용 뿐 아니라 가식성 포장재 등 다양한 활용이 가능할 것으로 제안하는 바이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1994

An analytical method using capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed for quantitation of water soluble vitamin contents in various vitamin products. The method includes the optimization of separation of 11 water soluble vitamins changing the micellar concentration and pH of running buffer, applied voltage and sample preparation. Best resolution was obtained with 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH=8.0) containing 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as micellar phase. At optimum condition, water soluble vitamins were determined in orange juice and vitamin products such as vitamin C pulvis, vitamin injection, coated multivitamin tablet. The quantitative analysis of water soluble vitamins with CE was suitable for quality control of pharmaceutical products with sound reproducibility.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine serum antioxidant nutrients and the relationship between serum antioxidants and risks of chronic diseases in obese Korean children Methods: Normal weight Korean school children (0=170), mean age of 11.5$\pm$1.5, and obese (body fat mass > $28\%$) children (0=176), mean age of 11.0$\pm$1.8, were recruited Fat mass ($\%$) was determnined by Bioelectrical Impedance (BEI), and body mass index (BMI) was calculated Fasting blood was collected to measure serum antioxidant nutrients, vitamin A, vitamin E and zinc. Serum lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), high density cholesterol (HDL) and triglyceride (TG), and blood glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPI) were also determined. Differences in serum blood measurements between obese and normal children were assessed by independent t test. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables. Results: Blood glucose, GPT, total cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations were significantly higher among obese boys, compared to normal boys (p<005). Significantly lower concentrations of serum vitamin E, after adjustment for TG and TC, was shown in obese boys (0.26 mg/mg) and obese girls (0.31 mg/mg), compared to normal boys (0.36 mg/mg) and girls (0.38 mg/mg) (p<0.05). Fat mass ($\%$) was negatively con-elated with serum vitamin A and vitamin E. Conclusion: Obese Korean children showed insufficient serum vitamin E concentration and increased risk for diabetes, atherosclerosis, and liver disease. Since lower vitamin E concentration was negatively con-elated with atherogenic index, improved vitamin E status in children may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis later in life.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2021

Purpose: A steady increase in Clostridioides difficile enteritis (CDE) has been reported recently. CDE is associated with intestinal dysbiosis, and vitamin D receptors are known to play an important role in this microbial imbalance as immunological regulators. We investigated the difference in vitamin D levels between children with CDE and those with other acute infectious enteritis. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on children below 18 years of age who visited the Gil hospital, underwent investigation to assess vitamin D levels, and had confirmed gastrointestinal infection between January 2015 and December 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: the "CDE group" (n=18) and the "other infectious enteritis group" (n=88); their clinical characteristics, other laboratory results, and vitamin D levels were analyzed. Results: There was no difference in gender, age, and seasonal distributions between the CDE and other infectious enteritis groups. Other laboratory results were not significantly different between two groups, excluding serum albumin level (4.52±0.45 g/dL vs. 4.31±0.28 g/dL, p=0.011). The mean 25-hydroxy vitamin D level in the CDE group was higher than that in the control group (18.75±8.11 ng/mL vs. 14.50±6.79 ng/mL, p=0.021). Conclusion: Vitamin D levels in the CDE group were lower than normal but higher than the other infectious enteritis group. These results suggested that CDE has a different mechanism or susceptibility associated with vitamin D in children, and even marginal changes in vitamin D levels can act as a risk factor for infection.