• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2004

Acid ingestion can cause not only caustic injury on esophagus and stomach but also fatal outcome through systemic complications. We report the case of a patient who died early after severe caustic injury with strong acid. A 38-year-old man who ingested about 400ml of hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration was transferred to our hospital from a private clinic, in which he was managed with gastric irrigation through a nasogastric tube. He was complaining dyspnea and abdominal pain. Physical examination demonstrated tenderness and rebound tenderness on epigastric region. Severe metabolic acidosis and leukocytosis were noted. Radiological findings suggested perforation of gastrointestinal tract, although the physical signs were not typical. Endoscopy revealed caustic injuries of grade I on esophagus and of grade Ⅲ on stomach, which indicate more severe injury on the stomach than on the esophagus. Exploratory surgery was recommended but unfortunately not permitted by his family. Despite intensive measures, his vital signs deteriorated rapidly and he died 50 hours after the ingestion.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate correlations in vital sign changes, the severity of pain, signs of complications, and the duration of sandbag management in order to suggest a standardized practice related to sandbag management in children with Nephrotic Syndrome(NS). Method: From October 2000 to May 2001, seventy children with NS who underwent kidney biopsy were interviewed at one hospital in Seoul Korea, and participated in this study. Result: 1) The average sandbag applying time after kidney biopsy was 18.1 hours. 2) Systolic blood pressure and respiration increased until 15 minutes after kidney biopsy, after then, they decreased signifi- cantly (systolic BP, p= .006; respiration, p= .029). However, no significant changes were noted in diastolic blood pressure and pulse. 3) Pain was reported minimal for 1 hour after kidney biopsy. The severity of pain increased until 12 hours after the procedure, then, decreased significantly(p= .0001). 4) Reported complications were hematuria (74.7％) and abnormal sonogram (32.9％). No apparent bleeding on the biopsy region was reported in any children. Conclusion: From these findings, it is possible to change the protocols of the duration of absolute bed rest time and sandbag application management shortly after kidney biopsy. But it is needed to study the fit protocols for kidney biopsy. Several implications in nursing practice are suggested. 1) Replicated studies for more participants are needed. 2) Further research on the effect of sandbag application after kidney biopsy is required. 3) The best duration of sandbag application management after kidney biopsy need to be investigated.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.979-984
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• 2015

Breast cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally but has an even more significant impact in developing countries. Pakistan has the highest prevalence among Asian countries. A general lack of public awareness regarding the disease often results in late diagnosis and poor treatment outcomes. The literacy rate of the Southern Punjab (Pakistan) is low compared to its Northern part. It is therefore vital that university students and especially medical students develop a sound knowledge about the disease so that they can spread awareness to others who may be less educated. This study therefore considers current knowledge and understanding about the early signs of breast cancer amongst a study group of medical and non-medical university students of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan. A cross-sectional descriptive analysis of the university students was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire to assess their awareness of breast cancer from March to May 2014. A total of 566 students participated in this study, out of which 326 were non-medical and 240 were from a medical discipline. Statistical analysis was carried out using Graph Pad Prism Version 5 with a significance level set at p<0.05. The mean age of the non medical and medical participants was 23 (SD 2.1) and 22 (SD 1.3) years, respectively. Less than 35% students were aware of the early warning signs of the breast cancer development. Knowledge of medical students about risk factors was significantly better than the non medical ones, but on the whole was insufficient. Our study indicated that knowledge regarding breast cancer was generally insufficient amongst the majority of the university students (75% non-medical and 55% medical) of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. This study highlights the need to formulate an awareness campaign and to organize conferences to promote breast cancer awareness among students in this region.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.168-195
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• 1999

The hakgil is the important disease in the oriental medicine historically. In the preseant time also this disease continually appear all over the world. So purpose of this study is that consider the symptoms and pathogenesis of hakgil(瘧疾) with the point of view of oriental medicine. And in this study, the results are summarized as the followings. 1. The symptos of hakgil(瘧疾). 1) Rigor and heat spasm : The main symptoms of hakgil is the severe and periodical rigor and heat spasm. Generally the rigor first appear and later the heat spasm appear. According to the first and last, severe and weak, the hakgil is classified to hanhak(寒瘧), onhak(溫瘧), danhak(癉瘧), binhak(牝瘧). 2) The regulation of the time of spasm : The spasm occour in the same time daily or one time in two days, three days or several days. And the spasm time is regulary in day or night. 3) The term between the spasm and next one become later or faster. It can be decided that the becoming worse and better in the disease with the signs. 4) The seasonal property Generally the hakgil appear in summer and early autumn. 5) The other kind of hakgil there are five-organ hakgil(五臟瘧), six-kyung hakgil(六經瘧), janghak(瘴瘧), kuihak(鬼瘧), six-gi hakgil(六氣瘧), damhak(痰瘧), sikhak(食瘧), and so on. 6) The pulse condition of the hakgil is chiefly hyun(弦). 2. The pathogenesis of the hakgil 1) The cause of the hakgil The causes of the hakgil first are the seo(暑) or heat(熱) that make the problem in the cycle of five phases(五行). In the consequence, il open the hole of skin so that the pathogenic factors easily invade the humanbody and at the same time the pathogenic factor in the inside easily come out, that make the spasm. In the second time the pathogenic factor of yin(陰) - wind(風), cold(寒), water(水) invade through the opened skin to combine with the factor in the inside. Such condition make the hakgil and the accessory spasm. 2)The pathogenesis of hakgil(瘧疾) (1) The rigor and heat spasm of hakgil(瘧疾) appear because in summer the human body don't accomplish a task of summer because of hot weather or heat, so in autumn the ki(氣) of human body separate into yin(陰) and yang(陽), and the skin of human body is weaken so the saki(邪氣: pathogenic factors) is easily come into the human body. At this time the circulation of ki(氣) is obstructed, so the jungki(精氣: vital substance) apply to straighten the circulation of ki(氣), if the jungki(精氣: vital substance) help the yin(陰) the rigor spasm appear in the opposit direction the jungki(精氣: vital substance) help the yang(陽) the heat spasm appear. (2) The period of circulation of ki(氣) and jungki(精氣: vital substance) is one day, so the general period of spasm of hakgil(瘧疾) is one day, But if the saki(邪氣: pathogenic factors) come into the human body deeply, the jungki(精氣: vital substance) cannot apply 10 straighten the circulation of ki(氣) every day so the period of spasm become longer.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.429-444
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• 2011

1. Objective This study is aimed to present the effective classification of Soeumin symptomatology and the standardized signs for classification which can be applied for KCD, ICD and the insurance codification system. 2. Methods 1) Differentiate Soeumin symptomatology based on exterior-interior patterns, favorable-unfavorable patterns, and mild-severe-dangerous-urgent patterns. 2) Investigate the standard signs and symptoms to claasify Soeumin symptomatology based on exterior-interior patterns, favorable-unfavorable patterns, and mild-severe-dangerous-urgent patterns. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) The diagnosis criteria for Soeumin exterior-interior disease is based upon signs & symptoms of cold/heat, condition of stool, state of digestive system(such as digestion and appetite)among others. 2) The diagnosis criteria for Soeumin favorable-unfavorable disease is generally based upon whether the vital force of the spleen is damaged or not. More specifically, for the exterior disease, whether or not sweating is present. For the interior disease, whether or not dry mouth, body ache(a main symptom of the exterior state), and anxiousness are present. 3) For the Soeumin Wool-gwang disease, the diagnosis criteria of mild-severe disease is whether or not chills is present and the degree of body fever. 4) For Soeumin Mang-yang disease, the diagnosis criteria of dangerous-urgent disease is whether or not chills is, the degree of sweating and urine condition. 5) For the Soeumin Greater-Yin disease, Abdominal-pain bowel irritability pattern and Epigastric discomfort pattern are early state signs, Jaundice pattern is mild-state sign, edema & Greater-Yang disease Yin-toxin pattern are terminal state signs. 6) For the Soeumin interior disease, Abdominal-pain bowel irritability pattern and Epigastric discomfort pattern are of the dangerous state pattern, Jang-gual and Exuberant-Yin-repelling-Yang pattern are of the urgent state patterns.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2017

A conventional pulse oximeter has high power consumption; thus, its mobility is severely limited. In this paper, we discuss the drawbacks of the existing pulse oximeters and propose a new ultra-low-power pulse oximeter that supports wireless data transmission for remotely monitoring vital signs, such as peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) and beats per minute (BPM). We could notably reduce power consumption by using a low-frequency single clock in all well-customized modules. Also, our device is publicly certified, and thus, possibly engaged in clinical trials for commercial use.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2018

Acute idiopathic scrotal edema (AISE) is a self-limiting condition that is characterized by acute scrotal swelling and erythema. AISE is a very rare cause of acute scrotum, especially in neonates. We report a case of AISE in a 26-day-old infant who was admitted to the outpatient clinic with swelling and erythema of the penis and scrotum for a week. His vital signs were stable, and laboratory findings were non-specific. A diagnosis of AISE was made using scrotal ultrasonography with color Doppler. His symptoms resolved within four days after the onset of supportive treatment, and he was discharged from the hospital. In neonates with an acute scrotum, AISE should be considered to prevent unnecessary surgical exploration.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.134-137
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• 2015

In children presenting to hospital with gastrointestinal symptoms, diseases such as intussusception and acute appendicitis require particular attention and careful examination. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are important because of possible severe complications such as peritonitis and death. Intussusception and appendicitis share similar clinical manifestations. More importantly, the presence of acute appendicitis together with intussusception in children is very rare. We describe an interesting case of a 38-month-old boy who presented with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. His vital signs were stable and laboratory test findings showed no specific alterations. We detected tenderness in the right lower quadrant. A computed tomography scan showed an ileocolic intussusception with no strangulation and diffuse wall thickening of the appendix trapped within the intussusception. The patient underwent an appendectomy and manual reduction.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.52-55
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• 2004

A newborn male baby was transferred to our hospital with a left inguinal mass. The mass was huge measuring $10{\times}10cm$, engorged, and dark-blue colored as a result of internal hemorrhage. Unstable vital signs were combined with DIC and acute renal failure. Emergency operation was performed because of the suspicion of bowel perforation. The peritoneal cavity was full of ascitis and the distal jejunum had a 0.5 cm perforation. Segmental resection of the jejunum and incisional biopsy of the inguinal mass were performed. On pelvic and thigh MRI, the mass protruded into pelvic cavity and encircled large vessels and nerves of the thigh. Pathologic diagnosis was congenital infantile fibrosarcoma. Fifteen days after operation, primary tumor excision was undertaken. The second look operation, performed after 6 times VAC chemotherapy, revealed no remained malignant cell on microscopic section. The baby has been followed closely for the last eight months.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1001-1006
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• 1995

From January, 1990 to December, 1994, we have operated 10 patients with cardiac rupture. The patients are divided into two groups according to their clinical manifestation ; five patients in each hemorrhage and tamponade group. The patients in both groups could maintain their vital signs with closed thoracostomy and fluid resuscitation. The effect of pericardiocentesis was especially dramatic in three patients of tamponade group. The average time from injury to admission was 101 minutes and that of the patients who came our hospital via one or two other hospitals was 170 minutes comparing 31 minutes of those who came directly. The average time from admission to operation was 211 minutes. Considering 98 minutes for the diagnosis and preoperative management and another 30 minutes for the preparation for operation, operations were delayed by 83 minutes to get permission. We conclude that this delaying time for transport and operation of heart-ruptured patients should be shortened in order to manage them more effectively.