• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.148-158
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• 2011

Objectives The eye movement (EM) has been reported to play a role in enhancing the retrieval of episodic memories and reducing effects of fearful episodes in the past and worries for the futures. However, it is still unclear in the mechanism of EM in normal subjects. We examined the horizontal eye movement (HEM) effect using an aiding apparatus on mental health indices including negative and positive psychological factors, and psychophysiological measures such as heart rate variability and quantitative electroencepaholography (qEEG) in healthy subjects. Methods Twenty eight healthy subjects were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups : active HEM group and control group. The active HEM group conducted the HEM training with usual stress management audio-intervention using the apparatus inducing eye movement once a day for 14 days. The control group also conducted the same training once a day for 14 days, however, the saccadic eye movement was not included in this training. Psychological measurements, neurocognitive function tests, heart rate variability measurement and qEEG were conducted before and after the training in both groups. Results In the active HEM group, sleep status using Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) positive factors significantly increased after the training. By contrast, scores on the negative items of Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS), and negative items of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) were significantly decreased after the training. The percentage of delta amplitude (1-3 Hz) in qEEG significantly decreased after the HEM training. The percentage of alpha amplitude (8-12 Hz) significantly increased after HEM training. The change of delta amplitude in the active HEM group was positively correlated with the change of sleep satisfaction of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the change of alpha amplitude was negatively correlated with depression of VAS, anxiety of VAS and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Conclusions The HEM training improved sleep quality and well-being, and sense of optimism. The HEM training also increased alpha amplitude and decreased delta amplitude in qEEG. The qEEG changes were well correlated with subjective improvement of mental health indices in healthy subjects. These results suggest some evidences that HEM training using the apparatus that induces EM would be helpful in improving subjective mental health in healthy subjects. Further study with larger samples size would be needed.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.6_2
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• pp.1151-1157
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• 2017

Street Trees is an important object for urban environment improvement. Especially the height of the trees needs to be precisely measured as a factor that greatly influences the removal of air pollutants in the Urban Street Canyons. In this study, we extracted the height of the tree based on the stereo image using the precisely adjusted UAV Images of the target area. The adjustment of UAV image was applied photogrammetric SfM (Structure from motion) based on the collinear condition. We measured the height of the trees on the Street Canyon using stereoscopic vision on stereo plotting system. We also acquired the height of the building adjacent to the street trees and the average height of the road surface was calculated for accurate measurement of the height of each object. Through the visual analysis with the plotting operation system, it was possible to measure height of the tree and to calculate the relative height difference value with building quickly. This means that the height of buildings and trees can be calculated without making a 3D point cloud of UAV and it has the advantage of being able to utilize non-experts. In the future, further studies for semiautomatic/automation of this technique should be performed. The development and research of these technologies is expected to help to understand the current status of environmental policies and roadside trees in urban areas.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigated the usefulness of MR perfusion image comparing with SPECT image. A total of pediatric 30 patients(average age : 7.8) with Moyamoya disease were performed MR Perfusion with 32 channel body coil at 3T from March 01, 2010 to June 10, 2010. The MRI sequences and parameters were as followed : gradient Echo-planar imaging(EPI), TR/TE : 2000ms/50ms, FA : $90^{\circ}$, FOV : $240{\times}240$, Matrix : $128{\times}128$, Thickness : 5mm, Gap : 1.5mm. Images were obtained contrast agent administrated at a rate of 1mL/sec after scan start 10s with a total of slice 1000 images(50 phase/1 slice). It was measured with visual color image and digitize data using MRDx software(IDL version 6.2) and also, it was compared of measurement with values of normal and abnormal ratio to analyze hemodynamic change, and a comparison between perfusion MR with technique using Warm Color at SPECT examination. On MR perfusion examination, the color images from abnormal region to the red collar with rCBV(relative cerebral blood volume) and rCBF(relative cerebral blood flow) caused by increase cerebral blood flow with brain vascular occlusion in surrounding collateral circulation advancement, the blood speed relatively was depicted slowly with blue in MTT(Mean Transit Time) and TTP(Time to Peak) images. The region which was visible abnormally from MR perfusion examination visually were detected as comparison with the same SPECT examination region, would be able to confirm the identical results in MMD(Moyamoya disease)judgments. Hymo-dynamic change in MR perfusion examination produced by increase and delay cerebral blood flow. This change with digitize data and being color imaging makes enable to distinguish between normal and abnormal area. Relatively, MR perfusion examination compared with SPECT examination could bring an excellent image with spatial resolution without radiation expose.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.273-280
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• 2007

The study is to examine the psychophysiological responses evoked by negative emotions(fear and disgust) in children. 47 children(11-13 years old, 23 boys) participated in the study. While the children were experiencing fear or disgust emotion induced by audio-visual film clips, ECG, EDA, PPG and SKT are measured. Emotion assessment scale was used to confirm that emotions elicited by the film clips were significantly noticeable, which was measured self-report. The results turned out to be 100% and 89.4% of appropriate for fear and disgust emotions, respectively. Emotional intensity the children had experienced was rated as 4.05, 4.07 on 1-5 scale based on effectiveness of measurement of fear and disgust emotion. ANS reponses by fear and disgust were significantly between the resting state and emotional state induced. The result obtained from the fear emotion showed significant increases in SCL, NSCR, HR, RSA, RESP and HF. There was a significant difference in SCL and NSCR between the two emotions.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.15 no.1 s.54
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• pp.28-38
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• 2005

According to the recent development of measurement system utilizing one or a set of boreholes, visualization of the explored underground became to be a major issue. It induced even the introduction of monitoring apparatuses on the borehole wall with multi-function tool, but the usage of these was often limited by where is unfavorable rock condition and a few of engineers can approach. And so, a portable type of borehole camera with only the essential function has been investigated and a few of commercial models about this is recently being applied into the field condition. This paper was based on the monitoring results obtained using a commercial model by Dr. Nakagawa. Discontinuities in rock mass were the topic for the visualization, and it was studied how can visualize their three dimensional distribution and what a numerical formulation is needed and how to understand the visualization result. The numerical formulation was based on the geometric correlation between the dip direction / dip of discontinuous plane and the trend / plunge of borehole, a set of the equation of a plane was induced. As field application of this into two places, it is found that the above visualization methodology will be especially an useful geotechlical tool for analyzing the local distribution of discontinuities.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.503-512
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• 2011

Recently in HCI research, emotion recognition is one of the core processes to implement emotional intelligence. There are many studies using bio signals in order to recognize human emotions, but it has been done merely for the basic emotions and very few exists for the other emotions. The purpose of present study is to confirm the difference of autonomic nervous system (ANS) response in three emotions (boredom, pain, and surprise). There were totally 217 of participants (male 96, female 121), we presented audio-visual stimulus to induce boredom and surprise, and pressure by using the sphygmomanometer for pain. During presented emotional stimuli, we measured electrodermal activity (EDA), skin temperature (SKT), electrocardiac activity (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG), besides; we required them to classify their present emotion and its intensity according to the emotion assessment scale. As the results of emotional stimulus evaluation, emotional stimulus which we used was shown to mean 92.5% of relevance and 5.43 of efficiency; this inferred that each emotional stimulus caused its own emotion quite effectively. When we analyzed the results of the ANS response which had been measured, we ascertained the significant difference between the baseline and emotional state on skin conductance response, SKT, heart rate, low frequency and blood volume pulse amplitude. In addition, the ANS response caused by each emotion had significant differences among the emotions. These results can probably be able to use to extend the emotion theory and develop the algorithm in recognition of three kinds of emotions (boredom, surprise, and pain) by response measurement indicators and be used to make applications for differentiating various human emotions in computer system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Multi-beam echo sounder is more precise and efficient than single beam echo sounder relatively because it is able to survey a wide area with 3 times or 4 times swath width as much as the depth of water using multi-beam echo sounder. It is sure to be needed to control supplementary equipment accurately, however, because the principle of creation and measurement of the beam is elaborate and influenced a great deal by vessel's motion. We analyzed using visual and statistical methods in both sections of the depth of water where were the places of the center of the beam and ± 45° angles from the central beam to improve the precise of Multi-beam echo sounder in this study. In result, it was required to control supplementary equipment because of errors from the vibration of an inertia governor and misalignment of extra units. Therefore, we reduced the vibration from the vessel's engine by sticking rubbers to the inertia governor and measured the offset values of extra units accurately, converted them to the values of horizontal position and lined up. In result, the precise in sounding the depth at the place of ± 45° from the center of the beam was improved from the level of the 1st order to the special order in a hydrographic survey of the IHO S44 standards and a phenomenon of ripple patterns in the overlapped area by misalignment was decreased remarkably.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant growth inhibitors on "Penncross" creeping bentgrass in the green of golf course for increasing the summer quality. Chlormequat chloride (C) 250$\times$, 500$\times$, 1000$\times$, daminozide (D) 50$\times$, 100$\times$, 200$\times$, paclobutralzol (P) 1000$\times$, 2000$\times$, 4000$\times$, trinexpac-ethyl (T) 1000$\times$, 2000$\times$, 4000$\times$, uniconazole (U) 25$\times$, 50$\times$, 100$\times$ with three concentrations, respectively, were applied to creeping bentgrass. The leaf length, leaf width, and internode length of stolon were inhibited by all plant growth retardants applied as compared to that of control in which D-50, T-2000, and trinexpac-ethyl were the most effective among treatments on the inhibition of leaf length and internode length of stolen, respectively. Leaf thickness increased more in the treatments of C-250, D-50. T-2000 and T-4000 than any other treatments. On the other hand, shoot density which was represented by number of leaves per unit area was found to be the highest in P-2000 and P-4000 treatment. In this case, all plant growth retardants with no significant differences showed increase of 15-20% in density as compared to control. Total dry weight increment was higher in P-2000 and P-4000 while leaf dry weight increment was higher in T-4000. and U-25 and 50 than other treatments. According to the visual evaluation for the purpose of turf quality measurement, it was found that paclo-butralzol, trinexpac-ethyl and uniconazole were not suitable for green maintenance and extension because of making leaves to yellow. In conclusion, it was postulated that C-250, D-50, and T-4000 had possibility to use practically in the green area of golf course.lf course.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9731-9737
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• 2014

Large scale secular registry or surveillance systems have been accumulating vast data that allow mathematical modeling of cancer incidence and mortality rates. Most contemporary models in this regard use time series and APC (age-period-cohort) methods and focus primarily on predicting or analyzing cancer epidemiology with little attention being paid to implications for designing cancer registry, surveillance or evaluation initiatives. This research models age-specific cancer incidence rates using logistic growth equations and explores their performance under different scenarios of data completeness in the hope of deriving clues for reshaping relevant data collection. The study used China Cancer Registry Report 2012 as the data source. It employed 3-parameter logistic growth equations and modeled the age-specific incidence rates of all and the top 10 cancers presented in the registry report. The study performed 3 types of modeling, namely full age-span by fitting, multiple 5-year-segment fitting and single-segment fitting. Measurement of model performance adopted adjusted goodness of fit that combines sum of squred residuals and relative errors. Both model simulation and performance evalation utilized self-developed algorithms programed using C# languade and MS Visual Studio 2008. For models built upon full age-span data, predicted age-specific cancer incidence rates fitted very well with observed values for most (except cervical and breast) cancers with estimated goodness of fit (Rs) being over 0.96. When a given cancer is concerned, the R valuae of the logistic growth model derived using observed data from urban residents was greater than or at least equal to that of the same model built on data from rural people. For models based on multiple-5-year-segment data, the Rs remained fairly high (over 0.89) until 3-fourths of the data segments were excluded. For models using a fixed length single-segment of observed data, the older the age covered by the corresponding data segment, the higher the resulting Rs. Logistic growth models describe age-specific incidence rates perfectly for most cancers and may be used to inform data collection for purposes of monitoring and analyzing cancer epidemic. Helped by appropriate logistic growth equations, the work vomume of contemporary data collection, e.g., cancer registry and surveilance systems, may be reduced substantially.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.361-372
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• 2015

The experiment attempts to find out the effect of the mixture of the antimicrobial agent and insecticide on metallic material including Silver(99.9%), Copper(99.9%), Lead(99.9%) and Iron(99.5%) by Oddy test. The mixtures of the antimicrobial agent and insecticide were prepared in 60ml; with the standard concentration of 17.5% in B77 Essential oil mixture, one for mixture of concentration of ${\pm}1{\sim}2%$ and insect repellent material; the other for mixture of low concentration and antimicrobial agent(BS-2 and BS-3) material. After Oddy test, we investigated the variation in the surface of the samples by visual inspection, weighing, color measurement and SEM-EDS analysis. The result showed that Lead had the biggest change in the surface, and Copper had the biggest change in the color. In addition, changes in the samples before and after the experiment were found to be greatest at concentration of 19% of Essential oil mixture of the antimicrobial agent and insecticide. Also, B78 Essential oil mixture produce change in samples. It means when the concentration of oil mixture rises, the variation of the samples gets bigger. And, the low concentration of mixture including B77 Essential oil mixture and B78 Essential oil mixture also produce big change in the samples. However, the low concentration of B77 Essential oil mixture that do not contain B78 Essential oil mixture was able to confirm that the change of the surface is not large.