• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.68-76
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• 2012

Purpose: The headache is a symptom that various somatic or non-somatic disorders gives an effect to head and neck system. The neck and the shoulder pain is a common muscle pain that can not control and bothers the patient after chronic state. The headache and the neck and the shoulder muscle pain are treated with various conventional treatment methods. But, there are cases that symptoms did not resolve or increased in some clinical cases. And generally, the result of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) treatment is good. But, despite of a normal treatment was performed for TMD, there are cases that TMD symptoms did not resolved in clinical cases. In template clinic of Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, co-operative neurophysiologic treatment of Department of Neurosurgery and Dentistry are done for patients, who had head and neck pain or atypical symptoms that did not treated with various conventional treatment method such as surgery or medication etc. Materials and Methods: Four hundred fifty one patients who have treated in the template clinic, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, from January of 2006 to December of 2008 were subjected in this study. Result: Overall average age was 31.9 years old. Ratio of numbers is 74.3% in female and 25.7% in male. The success rate of treatment in TMD symptom was 89.9%, in headache was 88.8%, in muscle pain was 81.6%. Statistically significance of differences visual analogue scale evaluation between before and after had been treated patients who have over average grade headache was calculated by paired t-test. P<0.05 was considered significant. Conclusion: We suggest the template appliance can be attempted for cases whose headache, the neck and the shoulder muscle pain and TMD are not resolved with various conventional treatment methods.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.407-420
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• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate and compare conservative treatment results by several parameters such as age, sex, symptom duration, type and timing of joint sound, parafunctional habits, splint type, and diagnostic classification. There have been too many articles reporting long term results of conservative treatment but articles related to comparison of treatment results by patients' self-evaluation have been rarely reported. For this study 258 patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) were selected and examined by routine diagnostic procedure for TMDs. The subjects were classified into 5 TMDs subgroups ad treated with conservative treatments involving splints, physical modalities, jaw exercises, and counseling. Visual analogue scale(VAS) about pain, joint sound, and mouth opening limitation was recorded respectively during treatment period. From the VAS data and treatment duration, VAS treatment index(VAS Ti) was calculated. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Pain was the most frequent main symptom in subjects with temporomandibular disorders, and main symptom for mouth opening limitation was comparatively less than for pain or sound in disk displacement with reduction group or in degenerative joint disease group. 2. Degenerative joint disease group had the most poor treatment results and highest occlusal index of Helkim's index. 3. Good prognosis for conservative treatment was observed in acute group, under 6 months than chronic group, 6months over in symptom duration, and subjects with 40 years over in age showed the most poor prognosis. 4. Subjects treated with anterior repositioning splint had better treatment results than subjects treated with centric relation splint, but statistical significance in VAS Ti and treatment duration was not observed. 5. Treatment results according to affected side, types and point of joint sound did not show consistent statistical results. 6. The result for conservative treatment was observed poor in subjects with bruxism and clenching. 7. In studying coincidence between preferred chewing and affected side, frequency of preferred chewing side, in unilateral affection, was higher in ipsilateral than in contralateral side.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.140-145
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• 2015

Purpose: Bruxism is commonly considered a major risk factor for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and the psychosocial factors had been one of the etiologic factor of bruxism. But there are still unsolved issues on the relationship between sleep bruxism and TMD and the etiologic factors of bruxism. This study is aim to evaluate the clinical and psychosocial characteristics according to diagnostic grade of bruxism in TMD patients. Methods: Three hundred subjects were enrolled who were under the stabilization splint therapy for TMD. Recently international consensus proposed a diagnostic grading system of "possible", "probable", and "definite" sleep or awake bruxism for clinical and research purpose. According to their suggestion, we classified these subjects as self-reported bruxism (SRB) and wear facet bruxism (WFB). We investigated the clinical characteristics (sex, age, chief complaint, pain duration, visual analogue scale), sum of tenderness (temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, cervical muscles), diagnosis of TMD according to research diagnostic criteria (the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, RDC/TMD), headache, subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and psychosocial characteristics (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, SCL-90-R) in enrolled subjects. We compared the clinical and psychosocial characteristics between these bruxism groups. Results: There were no significant correlation between self-reported and WFB (p=0.13). SRB subjects more reported pain as a chief complain than subject who did not report bruxism (p=0.014). The mean score of global PSQI was significantly higher in SRB than in did not report positively subjects (p=0.045). The mean score of anxiety and phobic anxiety was significantly higher in SRB than in did not reported positively subjects (p=0.045, p=0.041). Conclusions: Although bruxism is regarded as risk factor of TMD, this study showed inconsistent result between SRB and clinically detected bruxism by wear facet on slpint. We suggest that the clinician should consider with extreme caution when they assess SRB.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a workplace-based work-conditioning program (WCP) on the management of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) in an automobile-parts manufacturing company. In total, 1,110 subjects with WRMDs participated in workplace-based WCP emphasizing function-centered management and ergonomics. We investigated the incidence of WRMDs variables (number of persons diagnosed with industrial accident-related WHMDs, number of cases of WRMD) and financial benefits (cost of workers' compensation insurance and lost work days related to WRMDs) per year before and after WCP. Additionally, we compared self-reported pain intensity and functional disability in subjects with musculoskeletal pain before and after the WCP. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS), and functional disability was measured by the neck disability index (NDI) and the Oswestry disability Index (ODI). The number of person diagnosed with industrial accident-related WRMDs, the number of cases of WRMD, the cost of workers' compensation insurance and lost work days related to WRMDs per year decreased by 51%, 37%, 34%, and 47%, respectively, and VAS, NDI, and ODI scores decreased significantly after implementation of WCP (p<.05). Thus, the results of the present study suggest that function-centered, workplace-based WCP was effective in managing WRMDs at an automobile-parts manufacturing company.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of slump sitting postures on the masticatory, neck, shoulder, and trunk muscles associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD). Eleven healthy adults (age, $23.3{\pm}2.7$ yrs; height, $174.0{\pm}4.1$ cm; weight, $61.4{\pm}6.6$ kg) participated in this study. The participants were free of injury history and neurologic deficits in the masticatory, neck muscles and upper extremities at the time of participation. The subjects were asked to perform erect and slump sitting postures under the guidance of physical therapists. The surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the anterior temporalis, masseter, upper trapezius, serratus anterior, middle trapezius, L3 paraspinal, external abdominal oblique, gluteus maximus muscles of 11 adults as they performed visual terminal display work, which are known as the weakened and tightened muscles owing to WRMD. The recorded signals were averaged and normalized to the mean amplitude of the EMG signal obtained during submaximal reference voluntary contractions. The results of study were as follows: The masseter, upper trapezius, serratus anterior, middle trapezius, L3 paraspinal, external abdominal oblique muscles significantly differed in the slump sitting posture (p<.05). The muscle activities of the serratus anterior, middle trapezius muscle, and external abdominal oblique were significantly lower and that of the masseter, upper trapezius, L3 paraspinal muscles were significantly higher. Further research is needed to assess the motor control problems and the function of the deep muscles in posture stability of patients with WRMD.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.514-520
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• 2000

Objective : Stereotactic psychosurgery is known as one of effective means of treating in some medically intractable psychiatric illness. However, it is unfamiliar and it's long-term clinical result has not reported in our country. The authors evaluated its long-term results of pscychosurgery and discussed its neuroanatomical basis. Methods : Since 1993, eight patients underwent stereotactic psychosurgery for medically intractable psychiatric illnesses. All were referred from psychiatrist of these disorders, one was aggressive behavior, five were obsessive-compulsive disorders(OCD), and two were depression with anxiety disorders. Bilateral amygdalotomy and subcaudate tractotomy were done for aggressive behavior, and limbic leukotomy was done for OCD and depression with anxiety. The results of OCD were evaluated with with YBOCS(Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale) and VAS (visual analogue scale), CGI(clinical global impairment) in OCD, and OAS(overt aggression scale), MMS, WAIS were checked for the evaluation of aggressive behavior. Hamilton depression scale(HAMD) was used for evaluation of depression. Ventriculography was used in the first five patients and MR-guided stereotaxy was used in recent three cases for localization of target. The lesions were made with radiofrequency lesion generator. Results : With long-term follow up(mean 45 months) in five OCDs, mean YBOCS declined from 34 to 3(n=5). All returned to previous social life. In OAS scores of aggressive behavior during six-year follow up, scores declined from 8 to 2 with clinical improvement. In two patients with depression with anxiety, HAMD declined from 28.5 to 16.5(n=2). There was no operative mortality and no significant morbidity except one case of mild transient urinary incontinence. Conclusion : With these long-term results, authors assumed that stereotactic psychosurgery could be one of safe and effective mtherapeutic methods in several medically intractable psychiatric illness.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2021

Background: The options for stabilization appliance therapy for masticatory muscle pain include soft occlusal and hard stabilization appliances. A previous study suggested that hard stabilization appliance therapy was effective for patients with local myalgia who developed long facets on their occlusal appliances. The objective of this study was to identify patients in whom a soft occlusal appliance should be used to treat masticatory muscle pain by analyzing the type of muscle pain present and patient factors that influenced the effectiveness of this treatment. Methods: The study included 42 patients diagnosed with local myalgia or myofascial pain according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Diagnostic Decision Tree. The analysis of patient factors included variables believed to be associated with temporomandibular disorders. First, a temporary screening appliance was used for 2 weeks to assess each patient for bruxism during sleep. Soft appliance therapy was then started. For each patient, the effectiveness of the appliance was evaluated according to the intensity of tenderness during muscle palpation and the treatment satisfaction score at one month after starting treatment. Results: Data from 37 of the 42 patients were available for analysis. Twenty-five patients reported satisfaction with the appliance. In logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for reduction of facet length was 1.998. Nineteen patients showed at least a 30% improvement in the visual analog scale score. The odds ratio for local myalgia was 18.148. Conclusion: Soft appliance therapy may be used in patients with local myalgia. Moreover, patients who develop short facets on the appliance surface are likely to be satisfied with soft appliance therapy. Soft appliance therapy may be appropriate for patients with local myalgia who develop short facets on their occlusal appliance.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2021

Objectives This study is aimed to evaluate cost-effectiveness of treatment of Korean Medicine for whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and to suggest the direction of future research. Methods We searched papers in Pubmed database to use some keywords indicating whiplash injury syndrome, treatment of Korean Medicine and cost-effectiveness. After searching, appropriate papers were selected depending on the exclusion criteria. The selected papers were analyzed in the sections of author, publication year, intervention and control groups, outcome measurement, the list including in the cost, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and study design. Results Four studies about effect of Korean medicine and 3 studies about economic evaluation were finally included. Acupuncture was effective for balance disorder and neck pain. Economic evaluation studies used analytical decision model or cost-consequence analysis. Cost-effectiveness analysis using visual analog scale and cost-utility analysis using quality adjusted life years were performed. Initiating timing of proper management affected the consequence of treatments. Direct and indirect medical costs including supportive devices, and non-medical costs such as litigation were considered. Conclusions We conclude that studies haven't been conducted so far to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Korean Medicine in whiplash injury syndrome. Thus, future studies are needed in this section.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.500-509
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• 2022

Purpose: We compared the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and organic abdominal pain disorders (ORGDs). Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional, observational study. The PedsQL 4.0 generic cores scales parent proxy-report was administered to parents/caregivers of 130 and 56 pediatric patients with FAPDs and ORGDs respectively on their first visit. The self-reported pain intensity in the patients was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and facial affective scale (FAS). Results: Irritable bowel syndrome was the most prevalent FAPDs, and the most prevalent ORGDs were reflux esophagitis (41.1%) and gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori (21.4%). There was no difference in HRQOL among patients diagnosed with ORGDs and FAPDs (p>0.05). Patients with ORGDs and FAPDs had lower HRQOL Scale scores than healthy Brazilian and American children's references, with a high proportion of children at risk for impaired HRQOL (p<0.0001). There was no difference in the VAS and the FAS scores between the ORGDs and the FAPDs. FAPDs had a higher prevalence of girls' and couples' disagreement (p<0.02), although poor school performance (p<0.0007) and bullying (p<0.01) were higher in patients with ORGD. Conclusion: This study revealed that there was a difference in impaired HRQOL between patients with ORGDs and FAPDs. Thus, considering the high prevalence of chronic abdominal pain in children, a well-founded treatment plan is necessary for a multidisciplinary cognitive-behavioral Pain management program.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.174-176
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• 2022

In this paper, we present a mobile application for 'personalized customized learning' for children with articulation disorders using an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. A dataset (Data Set) to analyze, judge, and predict the learner's articulation situation and degree. In particular, we designed a prototype model by looking at how AI can be improved and advanced compared to existing applications from the UX/UI (GUI) aspect. So far, the focus has been on visual experience, but now it is an important time to process data and provide a UX/UI (GUI) experience to users. The UX/UI (GUI) of the proposed mobile application was to be provided according to the learner's articulation level and situation by using CRNN (Convolution Recurrent Neural Network) of DeepLearning and Auto Encoder GPT-3 (Generative Pretrained Transformer). The use of artificial intelligence algorithms will provide a learning environment with a high degree of perfection to children with articulation disorders, thereby enhancing the learning effect. I hope that you do not have any fear or discomfort in conversation by improving the perfection of articulation with 'personalized and customized learning'.