• 설비공학논문집
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.553-561
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• 2010

This study examines the influence of light variation on visual responses in a small office space where a daylight dimming control system is applied. Field measurements and survey were performed in a full-scale mocked-up small office space under clear sky day conditions. Maximum fluctuation range for desktop was 133.5 lx and it just happened once for entire monitoring period. For the majority of time, the fluctuation range did not exceed 50 lx, which did not cause visual discomfort to subjects. The daylight dimming control system successfully kept required illuminance levels for an office environment when desktop illuminance by daylight ranged up to 300 lx. The most serious contributor to the sensation of glare was direct daylight through window. The dimming of electric light was not a significant contributor to visual discomfort for the subjects under clear sky day conditions. Visual comfort was significantly influenced by the sensation of glare, feeling for visual stimulation and distraction, and required illuminance level.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this randomized, controlled, prospective clinical study was to evaluate patients' intraoperative discomfort during root canal preparations in which either multi-file rotary (Mtwo) or single-file reciprocating (Reciproc) systems were used. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five adult patients, aged between 25 and 69 years old, with irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis participated in this study. Either the mesiobuccal or the distobuccal canals for maxillary molars and either the mesiobuccal or the mesiolingual canals for mandibular molars were randomly chosen to be instrumented with Mtwo multi-file rotary or Reciproc single-file reciprocating systems. Immediately after each canal instrumentation under anesthesia, patient discomfort was assessed using a 1 - 10 visual analog scale (VAS), ranging from 'least possible discomfort' (1) to 'greatest possible discomfort' (10). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine significant differences at p < 0.05. Results: Little intraoperative discomfort was found in all cases. No statistically significant differences in intraoperative discomfort between the 2 systems were found (p = 0.660). Conclusions: Root canal preparation with multi-file rotary or single-file reciprocating systems had similar and minimal effects on patients' intraoperative discomfort.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.860-867
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that predict discomfort after coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 203 patients who underwent coronary angiography or PCI were recruited from C hospital located in S city, J province, from June through August 2008. The level of discomfort was measured and standardized by two instruments, discomfort questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: Stepwise multiple regression showed that the factors predicting the level of discomfort were type of angiography, gender, previous angiography, dysuria, pre-information, and sleep satisfaction, which together explained 30.6% of the total variance of the level of discomfort. Conclusion: Patients who had previous experience with these procedures, received a pre-information about the upcoming procedure, had no dysuria, and had slept well after the procedure were less likely to complain discomfort. Pre-informed education should be given by nurses to patients who will have an angiography or PCI to reduce their physical and emotional discomforts.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2015

This study tried to investigate the difference of the legibility in different age groups (young and old) with same near visual acuity and to provide preliminary guidelines for the text sizes in the pesticides products based on the legibility experiments. To achieve the objective, legibility evaluation experiments were conducted to test the effects of different age(20s, 50-60s), gender, font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness (plain and bold), and number of syllables(2 and 3 syllables) in the same near visual acuity(0.6). The results showed that legibility 50s was higher than 20s. And 20s are appealed higher discomfort than 50s. Considering these experimental results, it was recommended that the 14 pt or larger characters (100% readable size) should be used the important information such as toxicity, and the minimum character size was 7 pt (50% readable size) for other information.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum slat angle of the venetian blind which was applied at an outer skin of a curtain-wall system. The evaluation of the blind slat angle was performed in terms of the comfortable visual environment and decreased energy consumption. The office building prototype was considered for the analysis and simulation variables include application of blind, blind slat angle and dimming control of lighting. The annual energy consumption and incidence rate of discomfort glare were analyzed using EnergyPlus which is developed by the U. S. Department of Energy for the detailed building energy simulation. As a result, it turns out that when the blind (reflectance: 0.5) was installed, the annual energy consumption was greater than that of the base model. However, when the dimming control was applied, the maximum energy saving of 16.3% could be achieved at a slat angle of $0^{\circ}$. In addition, in case of the base model, the incidence rate of discomfort glare was 84%, while the case of the blind with the slat angle of $0^{\circ}$ showed that the incidence rate of discomfort glare was 42.4%. Consequently, the results showed that the slat angle of $55^{\circ}$ with dimming control was the optimum strategy for the comfortable visual environment and decreased energy consumption.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2018

Objectives : This case describes the effectiveness on Fidget accompanied with chest discomfort, Nausea, Sleep discomfort by using Cheongnijagam-tang gagam Methods : For relieving symptoms, Korean medical treatments, including herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion, were performed. To evaluate the effects of the treatments, visual analog scale (VAS) was used. Results : After treatments for 5weeks, the clinical symptoms of the patient were improved. Conclusions : This report suggests that herbal medicine is effective for Fidget accompanied with chest discomfort, Nausea, Sleep discomfort.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2004

기존의 양안식 스테레오 비디오는 장면 내에 매우 큰 변이를 가지는 물체가 존재할 경우에 시각피로를 유발하여 오랜 시간 동안 시청하기가 어렵게 된다. 이러한 시각피로를 개선하기 위한 하나의 방법으로서 본 논문에서는 변이 기반 비대칭 필터링 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 좌우영상 중 한쪽 눈에 해당하는 영상에만 필터링을 수행하고, 필터링 수준을 스테레오 영상 사이에서 구해진 변이 정보에 의해 조절한다. 제안한 기법의 시각 피로도 및 영상의 선명도에 미치는 영향을 주관적 평가에 의해 조사한 결과, 적절한 조건 하에 제안한 기법을 주시되지 않은 시차가 큰 영역에 적용할 경우 화질은 원영상의 화질을 유지하면서 시각 피로가 개선되는 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2016

시청 피로 정도는 3차원 디스플레이의 성능을 평가할 수 있는 여러 요소 중 하나이다. 3차원 디스플레이의 시청 피로도를 개선하기 위한 많은 연구 중 시차 조정 방법은 3차원 영상의 시차를 적절한 분포를 가지도록 하는 간단한 방법으로써 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 시차 장벽 방식의 오토스테레오스코픽 3차원 디스플레이에서 시차 분포가 시청 피로에 미치는 영향을 기반으로 수평 영상 이동 방식을 이용하여 시차 조정하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 Speeded-Up Robust Feature(SURF)를 이용하여 3차원 영상의 시차 분포를 구하고, 이전 연구를 통해 구한 시차 분포가 시청 피로에 미치는 영향을 토대로 시차 조정 정도를 결정하고 3차원 영상의 시차를 조정한다. 제안 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위하여, 우리는 실제 제작된 시차 장벽 방식의 오토스테레오스코픽 3차원 디스플레이를 사용하여 최적 시청 거리에서 주관 평가를 실시한다. 실험 결과는 다양한 시차 분포를 가지는 3차원 영상에 대하여 제안 방법을 적용 한 후 시청 피로 정도가 감소함을 보여준다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.575-584
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• 2010

The aim of study is to suggest the design procedure of automobile headlamp by considering driver's experience in regard of the visibility and glare during nighttime driving. The characteristics of driver were investigated in terms of the drivers' cognitive ability and reaction time, headlamp specification and visibility, light source and glare. And, the degree of visual discomfort was categorized and recognized as a tool to represent the subjective user experience. The UX point of view was stated when the existing results were seemingly lacking of it. The visual comfort and safety of elderly drivers were also discussed by reviewing the studies of ageing regarding the visibility and driving responses. Finally, this study suggested how to reduce the negative effect of nighttime driving due to the height of headlamp, angle of lighting, color spectrum, discomfort glare, source of light by using the UX perspective and methodology.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2021

■ Background Patients with posterior cerebral artery infarction could complain of visual field defects or prosopagnosia that does not recognize a person's face. However, there has been no standardized treatment for these symptoms. ■ Case report A 57-year-old male patient complained homonymous hemianopia and prosopagnosia after posterior cerebral artery infarction. After combined Korean medicine treatment for 49 days, subjective visual field was improved and the discomfort associated with visual field defect and the disability of recognizing people was decreased. Evaluations were took place by assessing visual field using Automated Perimetry and Confrontation visual field exam. Discomfort caused by visual field defects or prosopagnosia was evaluated by visual analog scale. The patient was treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medications. ■ Conclusion The present case report suggests that combined Korean medicine treatment might be effective to resolution of homonymous hemianopia and prosopagnosia after stroke.