• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether types of sensory-stimuli cues in terms of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory cues can be affected to motor sequential learning in healthy adults, using serial reaction time task. Methods: Twenty four healthy subjects participated in this study, who were randomly allocated into three groups, in terms of visual-stimuli (VS) group, auditory-stimuli (AS) group, and visuoauditory-stimuli (VAS) group. In SRT task, eight Arabic numbers were adopted as presentational stimulus, which were composed of three different types of presentational modules, in terms of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory stimuli. On an experiment, all subjects performed total 3 sessions relevant to each stimulus module with a pause of 10 minutes for training and pre-/post-tests. At the pre- and post-tests, reaction time and accuracy were calculated. Results: In reaction time, significant differences were founded in terms of between-subjects, within-subjects, and interaction effect for group ${\times}$ repeated factor. In accuracy, no significant differences were observed in between-group and interaction effect for groups ${\times}$ repeated factor. However, a significant main effect of within-subjects was observed. In addition, a significant difference was showed in comparison of differences of changes between the pre- and post-test only in the reaction time among three groups. Conclusion: This study suggest that short-term sequential motor training on one day induced behavioral modification, such as speed and accuracy of motor response. In addition, we found that motor training using visual-stimuli cue showed better effect of motor skill acquisition, compared to auditory and visuoauditory-stimuli cues.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1145-1148
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• 2005

In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic model based on Bayesian networks (BNs) for inferring human fatigue by integrating information from various visual cues and certain relevant contextual information. Visual parameters, typically characterizing the cognitive states of a person including parameters related to eyelid movement, gaze, head movement, and facial expression, serve as the sensory observations. But, an individual visual cue or contextual Information does not provide enough information to determine human fatigue. Therefore in this paper, a Bayesian network model was developed to fuse as many as possible contextual and visual cue information for monitoring human fatigue. At the experiment results, display the utility of the proposed BNs for predicting and modeling fatigue.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.569-580
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the effect of peripheral blur on binocular fusion to resolve binocular fusion failure which is one of the 3D visual fatigues in the perspective of human visual system. With stimulus having discrete disparity change, binocular fusion failure rate for target stimulus having crossed and uncrossed disparity decreased. And target stimulus having continuous disparity also required relatively larger binocular disparity when peripheral blur was presented with target stimulus rather than when peripheral blur was not presented. These results imply that peripheral blur facilitated binocular fusion in the situation of binocular disparity change, and suggest that considering the characteristics of human three-dimensional visual systems, manipulating 3D contents can improve visual discomfort caused by binocular displays at low costs.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2018

As information technology is more actively incorporated into automobiles, the role of IVIS (In-Vehicle Infotainment System) is becoming increasingly important for providing convenience and entertainment for drivers. However, using the infotainment systems while driving requires task switching and attending to two visual resources simultaneously. We simulated a setting where participants have to drive while interacting with the infotainment system and examined how task difficulty and motor cues impact driver task-switching and driving performance, specifically whether the effects of motor cues differ depending on task difficulty. For the infotainment display, we used two types of number array depending on the congruency between the digit repetition and the chunking unit, while task difficulty was manipulated by the size of the touch-keys. Participants were instructed to dial two numbers on the screen while we recorded the dialing time, lateral position, inter-key press intervals, and steering wheel control. We found that dialing time and lateral position were affected by task difficulty, while the type of number array had no effect. However, the inter-key press intervals between chunked numbers and steering wheel movement both increased when participants had to use an incongruent number array, which indicates that, if number digits are repeated, chunking is ignored by the drivers. Our findings indicate that, in a dual-task condition, motor cues offset the effect of chunking and can effectively signal the timing for task switching.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 2008

It was examined whether altering vision would influence food intake through consumption monitoring and whether this would be reflected in consumption estimate and satiety. The experiment was designed in two visibility levels: 1) an accurate visual cue (bowl covered with wrap) vs 2) a biased visual cue (bowl covered with foil). Thirty three female college students participated in this study. The subjects ate Kimbab in the lab once a week for 2 weeks. They were served 24 pieces of Kimbab in a bowl covered either with wrap or foil. The results showed that the actual Kimbab intake from the bowl covered with foil was significantly lower than the test using wrap ($13.4{\pm}3.3$ pieces vs $15.0{\pm}3.8$ pieces, p < 0.05). And there were no significant differences from the cognitive Kimbab intake between the tests with foil and wrap. However, the satiety rate of Kimbab in a bowl covered with foil was significantly higher than that with wrap at 1 hour and 2 hour after the Kimbab eaten (p < 0.05). Less consumed cases were recognized by subjects due to the inaccuracy during the consumption monitoring process. This result revealed that vision influences not only eating behavior but also subjective feelings of satiety after meal. In conclusion, the consumption monitoring by visual cues can play an important role in food intake and satiety rate.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2018

Purpose - This research aimed at exploring the mediation roles of the arousal and pleasure in the effects of the congruity between visual sensory cues of a retail store and consumers' self-image on the intent to reuse the store. Research design, data, and methodology - The data from 278 Chinese consumers who answered the questionnaire online were analyzed by using structural equation model of Amos 21.0 program to verify the hypotheses. Results - Store's visual sensory cues congruent with consumers' self-image directly affected the intention to reuse the store, and had positive impacts on both their arousal and pleasure states. The consumers' pleasure positively influenced on their intention, but their arousal did not influence on the intention. Consumers' pleasure played mediation roles in the effect of the congruity on the intention to reuse the store. Conclusions - Retail store marketers should pay attention to visual sensory cues to match the cues to consumers' self-image, when designing their store settings. When developing the cues, to help consumers feel pleasure which in turn, induces loyalty to their store, the marketers should develop the atmosphere setting in the respects of the congruity between the visual sensory cues and the self image.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2011

This is an experimental research with the theoretical background of agenda setting effect and elaboration likelihood model studying 'whether visual cues such as imagery and subtitle of TV environmental news have effect on the viewers' perception?', 'whether visual cues such as imagery and subtitle of TV environmental news have differential effect on the viewers' perception, depending on the viewers' involvement in the environmental issue?'. This experimental research found that the more highly exposed subjects considers environment issue more important than the less exposed, during the process, visual cues such as imagery and subtitle in TV news have an effect on agenda setting. Futhermore visual cues such as imagery and subtitle have stronger effect on the perception of the less involved than that of the more highly involved as a unified peripheral cue. However the effect of environmental involvement as independent peripheral cue couldn't have meaningful statistical support. Despite the fact that many previous researchers have shown that verbal cues of TV news have effect on the perception of viewers, little attempt has been made to investigate effect of visual cues on the TV viewers' perception. Therefore, this research has an important implication as an early proof in a new stream of visual agenda setting and elaboration research.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.187-204
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• 1999

The 20 five-year-old kindergarteners in the experimental group participated in 14 art criticism activities over an 8 week period. Analysis of the data by frequency, percentage, and t-test showed differences between the experimental and control groups. The experimental group improved in Visual Cue-Attendance and Evaluative Judgmental categories. Children in the experimental group also showed higher scores in organization of pictures and materials in their expressive art work. There were no differences between groups in sequence and contents of expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.9 s.174
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• pp.77-84
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• 2005

In most vision applications, we are frequently confronted with determining the position of object continuously. Generally, intertwined processes ire needed for target tracking, composed with tracking and control process. Each of these processes can be studied independently. In case of actual implementation we must consider the interaction between them to achieve robust performance. In this paper, the robust real time visual tracking in complex background is considered. A common approach to increase robustness of a tracking system is to use known geometric models (CAD model etc.) or to attach the marker. In case an object has arbitrary shape or it is difficult to attach the marker to object, we present a method to track the target easily as we set up the color and shape for a part of object previously. Robust detection can be achieved by integrating voting-based visual cues. Kalman filter is used to estimate the motion of moving object in 3D space, and this algorithm is tested in a pan/tilt robot system. Experimental results show that fusion of cues and motion estimation in a tracking system has a robust performance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.71-81
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• 2021

Purpose: This study to seek to answer two research questions in distribution science: what photo decoration cues in online grocery stores could be identified? Could photo decoration cues significantly effect on the affective perception and behavioral intention of consumers? Research design, data, and methodology: his study conducted a laboratory experiment with a 2×2×2 factorial design to validate the proposed research model and test our proposed hypotheses. Research design, data and methodology: Two stages experiments were adopted in this study, among 360 voluntaries who have had an experience of online grocery shopping, 331 valid data had been collected and analyzed using MANOVA and PLS-SEM algorism. Results: (1) both reflective surface and complementary goods layout lead to visual appeal and shopping enjoyment; (2) contrast color usage positively impacts on visual appeal while does not significantly affect shopping enjoyment; (3) consumers' affective responses positively impact attitudes toward product and store which in turn lead to purchase intention and store loyalty. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Conclusions: Using the media richness theory, visual rhetoric theory and visual design literature as the theoretical foundation, the study provides a solid foundation to comprehend the impact of photo design artifacts on consumers' affective responses when online consumers shopping online for fresh grocery.