• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify and assess factors that may contribute to pain of patients undergoing implant surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 patients who underwent implant surgery were included in the study. Each patient's anxiety was measured using Corah's dental anxiety score(DAS) and modified Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory(STAI) immediately after the operation. Also, level of pain was measured using visual analog scale(VAS) during the operation and 48 hours after the surgery. The effect of various factors, such as demographic variables, previous dental experiences and operation time were also analyzed. Results: Postoperative pain levels were relatively low than expected. However, DAS and STAI were high among patients, and it showed that patients had anxieties about implant surgery according to DAS and STAI values. The previous dental experience did not affect the pain level, but the duration of surgery and the presence of accompanied advanced surgery did. Conclusion: To reduce patient's pain, proper management of anxiety will be required and careful attention is needed when performing local infiltration.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.6-9
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• 2003

Background: The use of neurolytic agents to control neuropathic pain has been described from the last century Phenol and ethyl alcohol have been widely used as neurolytic agents, however, their neurolytic effect is variable in efficacy and duration of action, and infrequently accompanied with grave complications. It has been found that 5% lidocaine causes irreversible conduction blockade in animal studies. The goal of this study was to evaluate the neurolytic effect of 5%o lidocaine on various neuropathic pain syndromes for prolonged analgesia. Methods: Twenty-five patients with a diagnosis of neuropathic pain including trigeminal neuralgia (n = 7), postherpetic neuralgia (n = 10), and postsurgical neuralgia (n = 8) were selected after failure of routine therapeutic regimens. After performing a diagnostic nerve block with 1% lidocaine and 5% lidocaine was injected. The patients were followed for 6 months. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores and side effects were recorded for each patients. Results: A significant decrease in pain scores after neurolytic blockade with 5% lidocaine was seen in all of three pain groups. All the patients reported immediate and prolonged pain relief lasting from 4 weeks to 6 months. None of patients exhibited any appreciable side effects or complications. Conclusions: We suggest that 5% lidocaine may be used safely and effectively for the purpose of prolonged analgesia in selected patients with intractable neuropathic pain syndromes.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2014

Background: To compare the effect of different starting periods of rehabilitative exercise (early or delayed passive exercise) on the rate of retear and other clinical outcomes after the arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff. Methods: In total, 103 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff were included in the study. Determined at 2 weeks post-operation, patients who were incapable of passive forward elevation greater than $90^{\circ}$ were allotted to the early exercise group (group I: 79 patients; 42 males, 37 females), whilst those capable were allotted to the delayed exercise group (group II: 24 patients; 14 males, 10 females). The group I started passive exercise, i.e. stretching, within 2 weeks of operation, whilst group II started within 6 weeks. The results were compared on average 15.8 months (11-49 months) post-operation using the passive range of motion, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score, and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) and Constant scores. Stiffness was defined as passive forward elevation or external rotation of less than $30^{\circ}C$ compared to the contralateral side. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out on average 1 year post-operation and the rate of retear was compared with Sugaya's criteria. Results: There were no differences between the two groups in gender, age, smoking, presence of diabetes, arm dominance, period of tear unattended, pre-operative range of motion, shape and size of tear, degree of tendon retraction, and tendon quality. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes. Whilst stiffness was more frequent in group II (p-value 0.03), retear was more frequent in group I (p-value 0.028) according to the MRI follow-up. Conclusions: During rehabilitation after the arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff, the delay of passive exercise seems to decrease the rate of retear but increase the risk of stiffness.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2008

본 증례는 2005년 류마토이드 관절염 진단을 받은 우측 수지의 경직 및 통증, 양측 손목 관절의 통증 좌측 족지의 경직과 통증, 아침 기상시에 경직과 부종이 심하게 있는 환자를 대상으로 편신골통으로 진단하고 이에 따라 변증기문의 병거탕을 사용하여 치료해서 호전된 증례이다. 현재 류마티스성 관절염에 대한 한의학적 실험 연구는 매우 활발하나 임상 연구는 많지 않고 대개의 경우 약침 요법으로 치료한 보고가 많아 이에 대한 한약 치료 경험을 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find the effects of the lumbar stabilization exercise and strength exercise on pain, ROM, strength, muscle thickness of low back pain(LBP) patients. Method : The subjects were consisted of twelve patients who had nonspecific LBP. All subjects randomly assigned to lumbar stabilization exercise group(N=6) and strength exercise group(N=6). We measured muscular strength, ROM by using Tergumed-extension, rotation and muscle thickness by using ultrasonography and pain score by using Visual analog scale(VAS). The lumbar stabilization exercise group received TOGU exercise, strength exercise group received Tergumed exercise. The data analyzed by repeated measure of Independent t-test, paired t-test, reliability test. Result : The results were as follows. The result which measured of the change of pain score was a significant decrease. The result which measured of the change of ROM and strength was a significant increase. The result which measured of the change of the Internal abdominal oblique, External abdominal oblique on muscle thickness was a significant increase. Stabilization exercise group and Strength exercise group showed the significant difference in muscle thickness on Transversus abdominis, Multifidus. Stabilization exercise group was more increased in muscle thickness. Conclusion : Therefore, we suggest that stabilization exercise is effective for non-specific low back pain.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of HBOT (hyperbaric oxygen therapy) on the pain, ROM (range of motion) and muscle fatigue recovery of DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness). Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: Twenty-six subjects who are student in their 20s at a university participated in this study, these subjects were assigned into two groups, a control group (n=12) and an experiment group (n=14). The subjects in experimental group were intervened by HBOT (40 minutes, 1.3 ATA), while ones on control group weren't by any intervention after induced DOMS. Results: First, in the comparison of VAS (visual analog scale), there were significant variations with the period (p<0.001), interaction of period (p<0.05) and group (p<0.05). In the comparison of PPT (pressure pain threshold), there were significant variations with the period (p<0.001) and interaction of period (p<0.05). Second, in the comparison of ROM, there were significant variations with the period (p<0.001), interaction of period (p<0.001) and group (p<0.01). Third, in the comparison of CK (creatine kinase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), there no signigicant variations with all measure variables. Conclusion: The above results indicated that HBOT were effective to decrease the pain and improve the ROM in DOMS. Also the statistical significant variations of blood factors of muscle fatigue were not found in this.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.71-89
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Banhabaeckchulchunm a-tang(BBCT) for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo(BPPV) Methods : We searched randomized controlled trials(RCTs) which assess the effect of BB CT for BPPV through 8 electronic databases from their inception to July 2021. RevMan 5.4 was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Results : 12 RCTs with 901 subjects were included. The BBCT treatment group had significantly higher total effetive rate(TER) than the western medicine treatment group(P=0.0001), and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory(DHI) score(P=0.003), traditional chinese medicine syndrome(TCM syn.) score(P<0.00001), and Visual analog scale(VAS)(P=0.0006) were significantly lower than the western medicine treatment group. The combined treatment of BBCT and canalith repositioning procedure(CRP) group had significantly higher TER than only CRP treatment group(P=0.02), and there was no significant difference in DHI score(P=0.12). TG(P=0.006) and TC(P=0.04) were significantly lower, and ApoA1 was significantly higher(P=0.0001). There was no significant difference in LDL(P=0.24). Conclusions : These results demonstrate that BBCT could be effective for BPPV especially after CRP. However, because of limits of included studies such as high heterogeneity between the literatures, unclear risk of bias, insufficient reports of adverse events(AEs), a well-designed RCTs with a low risk of bias in more diverse countries are needed in the future.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2022

Background: Various instrument kinematics used in single-visit endodontics influence the occurrence of pain after endodontic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of pain after mechanical instrumentation with Hyflex EDM (HEDM) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) during single-visit endodontic therapy. Methods: Sixty patients diagnosed with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis and normal apical tissues in mandibular premolar teeth were included in the study for single-visit root canal therapy. The patients were divided into two groups (n = 30) according to the rotary instrument used during root canal preparation (group A [HEDM] and group B [WOG]). Pain was evaluated after endodontic therapy at 8, 24, and 48 h intervals using the visual analog scale (VAS). Data obtained were analyzed using the chi-square test, independent t-test, MannWhitney U test, and Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups (P < 0.001) at 8, 24, and 48 h, with WOG exhibiting less pain than HEDM files. Conclusion: Postoperative pain was lower in the WOG file system than in the HEDM file system after single-visit root canal therapy at 8, 24, and 48 h.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the benefits of thoracic manipulation and the trunk stability exercises on spine trunk flexibility and the pain index of chronic low back pain patients. METHODS: The study included 44 patients suffering from chronic low back pain. The participants were divided into two groups: the first group was assigned for trunk stability exercises (TSE), and the second group was randomly assigned TSE and thoracic manipulation at the same time (TSE+TM). Both groups carried out each assigned treatment thrice a week for 8 weeks. The study outcome was based on assessment of spine trunk flexibility and the pain index. Spine trunk flexibility was measured by spine flexion and extension through a range of motion and thoracic cage circumference. The pain index was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: Spine flexion and extension range of motion showed a significant difference within each group and between the groups before and after the treatment. The measurement of the thoracic cage circumference also showed a notable difference within each group and between the groups before and after the treatment. There was no change in the pain index. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that thoracic manipulation with the trunk stability exercises is an efficient treatment for improving the spine trunk flexibility and soothing pain for chronic low back pain patients.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.405-417
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• 2022

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated condition that has been identified as a potentially malignant oral disorder. Various therapies have been proposed for its management as alternative to corticosteroids. However, no definitive treatment has been identified that can result in complete remission or minimal recurrence. Hyaluronic acid has recently been used as an alternative therapy for the management of OLP. This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of Hyaluronic acid in the management of symptomatic OLP. Online electronic databases and manual searches were performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between January 2010 and April 2022. RCTs were identified that compared the efficacy of hyaluronic acid and other interventional therapies at baseline and during follow-up. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Thongprasom sign scores, lesion size, degree of erythema, clinical severity, and disease severity were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Seven studies were analyzed. Five studies reported a high risk of bias while the remaining two studies reported an unclear risk of bias. The overall quantitative assessment of size, symptoms, degree of erythema, and sign score in OLP lesions treated with HA was not statistically significant compared to that in the control group (P > 0.05). In addition, subgroup analysis comparing HA with placebo or corticosteroids did not yield statistically significant (P > 0.05) results. Qualitatively, both HA and tacrolimus resulted in an effective reduction in signs and symptoms. Clinical/disease severity index/scores were inconsistent. A high degree of heterogeneity was observed among the included studies. None of the included studies reported the side effects of HA. These findings suggest that corticosteroids, tacrolimus, placebo, and HA could be equally effective in OLP management. The clinical/disease severity index or score reduction cannot be determined with certainty. Thus, OLP can be treated with HA as an alternative therapy. Owing to limited clinical trials on HA, high heterogeneity, and high risk of bias in the included studies, definitive conclusions cannot be derived.