• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.3
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• pp.297-305
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• 2000

This research was conducted to analyze the factors influenced on stream water quality pollution in the northeastern part of Puk'ansan National Park from July, 1998 to November, 1999. The number of visitor and the percentage of the amount of $Cl^-$ resulted in the increase of electrical conductivity, which affected on pollution of the stream water quality. The relationships between those factors should be statistical significance at the 5% level in multiple regression. The multiple regression equations for the percentage of dissolved oxygen at the stream water quality showed that dissolved oxygen and water temperature had statistical significance at the 1% level. The multiple regression equations for the amount of $Cl^-$ at the stream water quality showed that electrical conductivity, the amount of cation($K^+$, $Na^+$), the amount of $SO_4{^{2-}}$, total amount of ion, the percentage of the amount of $Cl^-$, and the percentage of the amount of $SO_4{^{2-}}$ had statistical significance at the 5% and 1% level. Also, The multiple regression equations for the amount of $NO_3{^-}$ at the stream water quality showed that the amount of cation($Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$), the amount of $SO_4{^{2-}}$, the percentage of the amount of $Cl^-$, and the percentage of the amount of $NO_3{^-}$ had statistical significance at the 5% and 1% level. The multiple regression equations for the amount of $SO_4{^{2-}}$ at the stream water quality showed that the amount of $NO_3{^-}$, total amount of ion had statistical significance at the 5% level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.125-134
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• 1999

To analyze in detail the cognitive factors in the sense of place in Korea traditional temples and their occurrence and significance, the questionaring was conducted about the actual condition of visitor's using of and preference for Pulkuksa Temple as an object of the investigation. The result from the analysis of the visitors' sense of respective factors forming the image of the temple is as follows: 1. While the male visitors for outnumbered the female, the female visitors are more satisfied with the senses of the temple than male. The younger visitors are larger in number while the older visitors have the more satisfaction. It took the largest number of the visitors at least three hours to come to the temple. The most numerous are the visitors who came to the temple. The most numerous are the visitors who came to the temple by their own cars. The visitors are coming not only from the Kyunsang Provinces but from all over the country and they made a family trip to the temple. 2. 86 people among the questionees replied that the Tower stands best for Pulkuksa temple. The second largest number of the questionees replied that the main sanctuary does. The third largest number of the questionees replied that the natural environment does. 3. The visitors who came to the temple for sightseeing showed their highest preferences for each of the main sanctuary and the tower. The buddhist visitors also showed the same tendency as non Buddhist ones in their preference. 4. On the whole, the space factors such as buildings and scenes which represent Pulkuksa Temple are the towers such as Sukka Tower and Tabo Tower, the sanctuary buildings such as main sanctuary, the natural scenery such as Toham Mountain, and the steps such as Chungwun-Kyo and Paekwun-Kyo. 5. The potential factors to explain the structural characteristics of the scenery in Pulkuksa Temple are revealed to be a factor of overall valuation, of orderliness, of individuality and of comfortableness, through hypothetical. T.V was 54.1% and the orderliness of Sukkatap was highly evaluated in factor score analysis.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.621-630
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• 2011

This research examines the push and pull factors of temple stay in Korean national parks. 152 participants of temple stay in Woljeongsa and Guryongsa in national parks in Gangwon-do area completed a survey to access their reasons for participating in temple stay(push factors) and to evaluate how well the visiting experience performed on a selected set of attributes(push factors). Demographics of respondents were similar to the visitor characteristics of Korean national parks. The result of factor analysis identified 6 push factor domains of 'self actualization', 'health enhancement', 'nature assimilation', 'relationship elevation', 'religious experience', and 'leisure experience'. 6 pull factor domains were 'recuperative quality', 'quality of a temple stay program', 'attributes of a temple', 'user convenience', 'tourism experience' and 'accessibility and transportation'. Satisfaction level of temple stay in a national park was very high of 4.71 in a 5 Likert scale. Gangwon- Do was most preferred with the percentage of 89.2 as a suitable area for temple stay in a national park. Findings of multi-dimensional tourism motivations of temple stay in a national park that encompass nature tourism, cultural tourism and religious tourism is expected to provide useful information for the future development of a more competitive temple stay program and a marketing strategy. However, more defined successive research work is required to generalize findings of wellness oriented push and pull factors of temple stay based on nature in national parks.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.799-814
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• 2010

This study aimed at developing a set of question cards for fostering deep understanding and encouraging reasoning about fossils and analyze the characteristics of visitors' communication depending on whether to use the question cards in a fossil gallery. Through several steps, a card set consisted of nine generic questions about fossil exhibitions and guidance for using question cards were developed. Data related to visitors' communications were collected from 18 peer groups (from 5th to 9th grade) visiting the fossil gallery of Gwacheon National Science Museum. Visiting groups' interactions were videotape recorded and transcribed. 'Holding time,' the types of 'actions,' and the types of 'conversation' were analysed. Visitors' actions were divided into three categories: ‘look’, 'speech', and 'motion.' Furthermore, visitors' conversations categorized as 'speech' were subdivided into four patterns: 'enumerative,' 'consensual,' 'responsive,' and 'argumentative.' Using the question cards contributes to increase holding time and most of the visiting actions. Most of the conversation patterns also increased except the responsive pattern. In conclusion, using question cards in a fossil gallery could facilitate concentrated and meaningful visits by enhancing active verbal and non-verbal communications between exhibit and visitor or among visitors, encouraging visitors' reasoning about exhibits, and guiding visitors what and how to focus on exhibits.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2012

This research was conducted to understand the extent to which visitors to the DMZ Pyeonghwa Nuri-gil Trail(located in one of the most Ecologically Sensitive Areas(ESA) of Korea) are motivated by perceived constraints and loyalty to the trail. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the participants of the '2010 DMZ Border Trekking Course', which resulted in collecting 317 valid responses. For statistical tests, the respondents were divided into three clusters(accidental, activity-driven, and nature-driven) by their motivation for the visit. ANOVA was conducted to examine if the three groups differ in terms of the perceived constraints and loyalty to the DMZ Pyeonghwa Nuri-gil Trail. The results showed that nature-driven visitors were more likely to perceive "psychological constraints" than accidental or activity-driven visitors. As for loyalty, accidental visitors displayed the lowest level of loyalty while nature-driven visitors indicated the highest level of loyalty. These results illustrate that nature-driven visitors not only have the strongest desire to experience and learn about ESAs but also possess the highest sense of loyalty to the trail. It can further be argued that nature-driven visitors are the ones with the greatest concern for the trail's well-being. The paper concludes with the contention that understanding the demand and characteristics of trail visitors is critical to the future development of the trail.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.160-170
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• 2017

As a monumental building in the form of an arch, an archway has the characteristics of praise and honor. More and more historic, cultural and social connotations are given during the development of history. Four archways that are located on the middle route of the Red Gate Palace in the Mount Tai Scenic Area were chosen for research. Based on a literature review and field investigation with a visual analysis method, the physical attributes, spatial scale, perceptions and functions of the archways were discussed. The results were as follows: The archways in the research area are all made of stone. According to building location, they are classified into two types: Cultural archway and temple archway. Regarding functions, they are divided into symbolic archway, memorial archway and portal archway. From the point of view of form and scale, the Confucius Boarding Archway enjoys a higher standard than the other three. This reflects the importance of Confucian culture on Mount Tai. Regarding spatial scale, the archway becomes the focus in a restrictive linear space by an object-to-object and person-to-object comparison. Visitor experience of crossing the archways is strongly enhanced as it acts as entrance and exit, and it has the function of guiding sight since the arrangement of the archways further extend the line of sight. Couplets and inscriptions on the archways increase a sense of expectation for visitors on their way to the top of Mount Tai.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 1986

The historical study reveals that our ancestors had maintained a system which could produce data on the number of population and households as well as on their characteristics. For example, such data on age structure of the population, number of births, number of deaths by age & sex, number of in & out migrants were found in an historical document for the year 755. The main purposes of maintaining the system at that time were taxation and conscription. As the system evolves, another function of identifying the legal status of people was also added. Looking into the figures for those days reveals that ommission rates of the number of population and households were high. Thus, in an effort to obtain a reliable data, the annual population survey system was introduced as of 1 September 1896. This date is now cerebrated as the Statistics Day. Since then, the survey system has been diversified. At the present time, there are three major data sources which produce the statistics on population and households: Civil Registration System (vital statistics), Resident Registratiton System (migration statistics) and Population Census. However, these three systems are found to have some problems to produce the accurate data. There are some inherent problems in the registration systems such as problems in its coverage, accuracies in contents and timeliness in reporting the vital events and publishing the results. The population census has also non-sampling errors such as errors in coverage, response and non-response. Apart from the above mentioned problems, there are also conflicting problems arised from having different three data source. We can find some overlapping problems in laws and difficulties in comparative studies between regions. In the future, these problems should be taken into consideration for the improvement of the quality of statistics on population and households.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine how marine sport event visitors' satisfactions and city image effect on revisit and recommendation. To do this, we analyzed the socio-statistical characteristics of spectators, and examined the influence relationship among city image, satisfaction, revisit and recommendation intention. The results were as follows: First, 'family and relatives' as the companions of spectators of yacht competition were the most, and the route of acquiring the competition information was 'the other', in other words, that most of the respondents learned directly in the field, and 'car' as transportation means was the most. In addition, "local tourism" as watching purposes was the most and 'the day' as the period of stay was the most. Second, the image and satisfaction of spectators of yacht competition showed significant influence on revisit and recommendation intention. Specifically, program satisfaction and program agent satisfaction, which are a sub-factors of satisfaction, have a significant positive effect on revisit and recommendation intention. Through these research results, we were able to confirm inadequacy(lack of attractiveness, connections and public relations) of this event, and see what parts should be improved in order to be born again a sustainable event.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2023

This study identified how users of Gwanghwamun Square perceive the space and derived the spatial attributes of Gwanghwamun Square. There are four spatial attributes of Gwanghwamun Square: preservation of the historical environment, beauty of the surrounding landscape, suitability as a resting place, and activation of recreation. The first attribute, preservation of the historical environment, refers to the spaces that reflect the unique characteristics of Gwanghwamun Square and resonate with culture, including the Blue House, Bukaksan Mountain, Gyeongbok Palace, Yukjo Street, King Sejong, and Yi Sun-sin. The second attribute, beauty of the surrounding landscape, is related to the provision of abundant greenery and natural environment without disturbing the surrounding landscape, and includes landscape, sky, and greenery. The third attribute, suitability as a resting place, refers to various landscape facilities and services to enhance visitor comfort, including tables, chairs, shade, planters, rest areas, and fountains. Finally, recreational activation. This is the provision of various experiences, including exhibitions, performances, experiences, and sightseeing. Utilizing the attributes of Gwanghwamun Plaza derived from this study, it will provide important implications for the reconstruction of Gwanghwamun Plaza if future studies on valuation and estimation of Gwanghwamun Plaza are conducted to verify the differences in preferences by type.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.2
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• pp.170-186
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• 2024

This study was conducted to identify the usage characteristics of the DMZ Punchbowl Trail (DPT) as a national forest trail (NFT) and to estimate its ripple effects on the local economy. The objective of this study is to provide policy implications for sustainable operational management. Out of the 500 questionnaires distributed, 215 respondents provided their complete travel itineraries and expenditures. The respondents, mainly aged 50 and above and residing in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, spend 3.5 hours of travel time to the DPT. Together with their families, the respondents typically spend approximately 4 hours for leisurely activities, primarily appreciation of scenic views and relaxation by visiting the "O-yubatgil." Furthermore, they extend their travels to other parts of Gangwon Province, where the DPT is situated. Within Gangwon Province, Yanggu County is the most visited destination. The respondents reported a notably higher average expenditure per visitor compared with the typical local walking tourists. Estimates show that the DPT generates an annual average of KRW 2.1 billion in direct expenditure (based on an average of 10,000 visitors for over five years), KRW 2.8 billion in production, and KRW 1.3 billion in added value, and it has created 40 jobs in Gangwon Province. The results of this study lies in empirically determining the specific economic scale and ripple effects of DPT as an NFT in the major sector, which occupies a significant portion of the Gangwon Province's local economy. The results will be instrumental in validating NFT policies and informing policy making for sustainable forest utilization.